THE%20WARNING%20SYSTEM,%20A%20STEP%20TOWARD%20THE%20FLOOD%20RISK%20MANAGEMENT%20IN%20HAITI

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THE WARNING SYSTEM, A STEP TOWARD THE FLOOD RISK
MANAGEMENT IN HAITI

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THE WARNING SYSTEM, A STEP TOWARD THE FLOOD RISK
MANAGEMENT IN HAITI

• SUMMARY
• - some concepts - morphological
  considerations - State of Play - Reports of
  Causes to Effects - The Early Warning System

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SOME CONCEPTS

• Disaster planing a continuous and integrated
  process resulting from a wide range of risk
  reduction activities and resources rather than a
  separate sectored activity in itself.
• It requires the participation of many fields,
  ranging from training to logistics, to health
  care, recovery, livelihoods and institutional
  development

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SOME CONCEPTS

• Disaster a sudden and disastrous event which
  seriously disrupts the functioning of a community
  or society and causing human, material and
  economic or environmental exceed the capabilities
  of the society or community to cope using its own
  resources.
• Although they are often caused by nature,
  disasters can also have a human origin.

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SOME CONCEPTS

• Disaster opposite event, frustrating, sad,
  terrible tragedy that destroys the projects,
  demolished prospects, destroyed the hopes.
• (Calamity, plague, defeat) disaster disaster

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SOME CONCEPTS

• Hazard the probability that during a reference
  period an event reaches a site with a certain
  intensity. The hazard thus refers to phenomena
  that could cause damage.

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SOME CONCEPTS

• Vulnerability the wound, weakness. By extension,
  one that is vulnerable is sensitive, given to
  making attacks. The term therefore refers to both
  injury and the propensity to undergo such damage
  (D'Ercole, 1996) ? A disaster occurs when
  danger strikes the vulnerable.

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SOME CONCEPTS

• the risk is a compound of the hazard and
  vulnerability

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HAITI, mountainous land
Superficie totale 27.750 km2 5.550 km2
EXCLURE De Plaines cotieres vallées ET, Les
Précipitations pluvieuses annual   400 mm
(altitude basse)   2000 mm (altitude haute)
Température 15 C à 35 C Plus de 1500 km de
littoral
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BLEAK versus PLAINS

• Most cities are coastal
• These coastal cities have developed near a river
• Constructions often stood on the banks of rivers

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SITES CONDITIONS

• Less than 2 of forest coverexplosive
  demography - In 1980 5 million - In 2011
  about 10 million people
• ? The population has doubled in 30 years

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SITES CONDITIONS (CONTINUED)

• Plan land almost nonexistent
• ? Development of unplanned settlements?
  Environmental degradation in general?
  Waterproofing land? Runoff gtgtgt Infiltration

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CONSEQUENCES

• Frequent flooding of riversFlooding of
  settlements? Loss of life? Loss of property?
  HANDICAP FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

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THE FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM
objectiveStrengthen the capacity of
intervention areas to detect the risk of flooding
to reduce loss of life and property.
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THE FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM

• strategy- Organization of communities at risk-
  Hydrometeorological data collection- Alert is
  triggered- Capacity Building- Sensitization

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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISK Municipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation

• Flood Action Plan
• Yearbook crisis

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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISK Municipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation
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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISK Municipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation
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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISKMunicipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation
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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISKMunicipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation
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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNITIES AT RISKMunicipal
Plan Alert and Evacuation
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EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

• Support provided by
• Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Civil
  Protection)
• Civil Protection Committees
• Department of Agriculture (Water Resources,
  National Meteorological Center)
• The municipalities (31 municipalities)
• Civil Society
• The University

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EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

• Components
• Automated water level sensors (38)
• Scale rainfall
• Rainfall automated sensors (18)
• Sirens automated (47)
• Operating system (eVigilance Bank of
  hydrological data)
• Observers direct

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EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

• SYSTÈME DE COMMUNICATION
• - Satellites Iridium
• - GPRS

The General Packet Radio Service or GPRS is a
standard for mobile derivative of GSM allows a
higher data rate.
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Water level SENSORS

• Radar signals are emitted as short pulses of a
  duration of 1 ns by the antenna of the sensor.
• After being reflected by the surface of the
  product, these pulses are received back by the
  antenna in the form of echoes.
• The time of the radar pulses is directly
  proportional to the distance between sensor and
  product and thus the filling height.

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RAINFALL SENSOR

• - Wind speed.- Wind direction.- Precipitation
  (rain).- Barometric pressure- Temperature.-
  Relative Humidity.

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THE WARNING STATIONS

• The warning stations are made- On a mast with
  two pavilionsdouble.- Two solar panels with
  apeak power of 50 watts.- Two batteries 12 V /
  65 Ah/C20.- From an electronic box.- From a
  mechanical reinforcement.- Possibly a
  platform.- Possibly a boxorder.- Possibly a
  light fixture.

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Hydrometeorological data collection
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DATA VIEW
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INSTRUMENTATION OF WATERSHED FOR COLLECTING
INFORMATION

• CURRENT STATUS - The system being put in
  place - Consideration of Watershed 13 of
  30 - "Feed Back" with the positive
  population

• NEXT? - Ensure the sustainability of a
  system from its appropriation by the
  population - Extend coverage to other
  Watersheds

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THANK YOU