FUNDAMENTALISM, ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF JIHAD

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FUNDAMENTALISM,ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISMAND
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JIHAD
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INDEX

• What is fundamentalism?
• How did the term fundamentalism begin?
• What is Islamic fundamentalism?
• What is Jihad?
• What is offensive Jihad?
• What is defensive Jihad?

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WHAT IS FUNDAMENTALISM?

• Fundamentalism is the literal dogmatic
  interpretation of the sacred texts (or their
  equivalent, outside a religious context) that is
  based on these fundamental precepts (typically
  religious, but not limited to) and rejecting any
  contrasting ideology.

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HOW DID THE TERM FUNDAMENTALISM BEGIN?

• Historically, the term was born in 1909 with the
  North American Protestantism, which opposed the
  theories of theological liberalism.
• Initially, the key concepts regarding
  fundamentalism were those of a conservative,
  closed and restricted view of society
  exclusiveness, isolation, antagonism,
  defensiveness, but also, conversely, aggressive
  against anyone who is not aligned. The term was
  also used towards people who belonged to the same
  ideological group but maintained a non radical
  behavior and attitude, were moderate, open to
  compromise or would advocate a non-restrictive
  interpretation of religious truth.
• The term fundamentalism, which originally
  referred to the Protestant world, was replaced in
  the '50s when the major members of the religious
  sect decided to officially change the name.
• This term has spread into common usage to
  identify all those points of view - of thought
  and practice in the religious world - who insist
  on a literal interpretation of sacred texts such
  as the Bible or the Koran, and who have
  anti-modernist movements in their respective
  religions.

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WHAT IS ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM?

• The term "fundamentalism" can be traced to the
  noun used by the militants asasiyyun (from the
  Arabic asas "basis, foundation") since the
  birth of the Shiites in the Islamic Republic of
  Iran.
• The definition of Islamic "fundamentalism" -
  often used by the mass media - is neither more
  nor less than a tautology, because of the
  difficulty the Islamics have in accepting a way
  of life in which the mixture between religious
  and worldly aspects is not, by definition,
  "fundamental".
• The Muslims want to give an interpretation of the
  world based on a link between religious precepts
  and social order, the state, and ultimately the
  power, contained in the expression din wa dunya,
  in other words "religion and the world."
• For a Muslim believer disbelief" means to
  reserve the expression of personal faith in a
  private sphere of his own conscience, without
  influencing and shaping the outside world on it.

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WHAT IS JIHAD?

• Jihad is an Arabic word, (gihad in Arabic ????)
  which comes from the root ltg-hdgt that means
  "exerting maximum effort."
• The word connotes a wide range of meanings, from
  the inner spiritual struggle to draw on a perfect
  faith up to the holy war. The term refers to one
  of the fundamental institutions of Islam.
• Today, the term is used in many circles as if it
  had an exclusively military dimension. Even
  though this is the most common interpretation of
  Jihad, it is noteworthy that the word is not
  strictly used in this context in the Koran, the
  sacred text of Islam. It is also true, however,
  that the word is used in several Hadith contexts
  in both the military and non-military sense.

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WHAT IS OFFENSIVE JIHAD?

• The offensive Jihad is to wage a war of
  aggression and conquer all non-Muslims in order
  to submit them and their territories to Islamic
  rule.
• According to many interpretations including the
  Encylopedia of the Orient, "the offensive Jihad,
  in other words the attack, is fully accepted by
  Sunni Islam", but unlike the defensive Jihad,
  individual Muslims arent forced to participate,
  while the Muslim community as a whole is.

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WHAT IS DEFENSIVE JIHAD?

• Most Muslims consider the armed struggle against
  foreign occupation or oppression by an internal
  government worthy of defensive Jihad. In fact, it
  seems that the Koran demands the military defense
  of the Muslim community under siege.
• In the colonial era the Muslim population rose up
  against the colonial authorities under the Jihad
  flag Dagestan, Chechnya, the Indian revolt
  against Great Britain (Indian Rebellion of 1857)
  and the Algerian war of independence against
  France.
• In this sense, the defensive Jihad is no
  different from the right of armed resistance
  against occupation, which is recognized by the UN
  and international law.
•  

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CREDITS

• Bibliography
• http//www.treccani.it/vocabolario/fondamentalismo
  /
• http//www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/fondamentalismo.
  html
• http//www2.bodoni.pr.it/5bareaprogetto/html/fonda
  ment2.htm
• http//www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/i-fondamentali
  smi-nel-mondo-contemporaneo_(XXI-Secolo)/
• Group Ciulin Manuel, Ferrari Davide, Ferrazzo
  Michael, Iacumin Jessica, Polonio Giulia