BrainComputer Interfaces Present and Future Fabian Hske, Markus A' Kollotzek, Alexander Behm Interac

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BrainComputer Interfaces Present and Future Fabian Hske, Markus A' Kollotzek, Alexander Behm Interac

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Title: BrainComputer Interfaces Present and Future Fabian Hske, Markus A' Kollotzek, Alexander Behm Interac

1
Brain-Computer InterfacesPresent and
FutureFabian Hüske, Markus A. Kollotzek,
Alexander BehmInteractive SystemsLecturer
Paul Hubert Vossen
2
Agenda

Historal overview
Reading the brain
Direct Interface Techniques
BCI Applications
Current Projects

3
History Discovering the Basics

1924 Hans Berger discovers the EEG
Analyses the interrelation of EEG and brain
diseases
1970 First developments to use brain waves as
input
ARPA has vision of enhanced human
First step in the right direction

Historical overview
4
History - Monkey first

1990 First successful experiments with monkeys
Implanting electrode arrays into monkey brains
Recording of monkeys brain waves
Offline reproducing of movements
2000 Monkeys control robots by thoughts

Historical overview
5
History - Humans follow

More non-invasive than invasive approaches
Brain reading by eg. EEG, MEG or fMRI
2004 First human benefits from research
Matt Nagle is able to control a computer and move
a prosthetic hand

Historical overview
6
Agenda

Historal overview
Reading the brain
Direct Interface Techniques
BCI Applications
Current Projects

7
Reading the brain
Electroencephalogy (EEG)
Direct Neural Contact

Most accurate method
Highly invasive
Not possible with current technologies
Perhaps possible in future with e.g. nanobots

Measures electical activity in brain
Non-invasive
Susceptible to noise
Easy to use low cost portable
Most commonly used device in BCIs

Reading the brain
8
Reading the brain
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Magnetoencephalogy (MEG)

Measures magnetic fields produced by electrical
activity in brain
Non-invasive
Very accurate
High equiment requirements and maintenance costs

Measures blood flow in brain using MRI
(haemodynamics)
Blood flow correlates to neural activity
Studies the brains function
Very accurate
Very high costs due to MRI

Reading the brain
9
Agenda

Historal overview
Reading the brain
Direct Interface Techniques
BCI Applications
Current Projects

10
Direct Interfaces via EEG

Required if haptic or linguistic interfaces
inoperable (locked in)
Four typical techniques
VEP
P300
ERS/ERD
SSVEP

Direct Interface Techniques
11
VEP - Background

visual evoked potential
caused by visual stimulation
occurs with flashing lights (3 6 Hz)

Direct Interface Techniques
12
VEP - Application

Checkerboard with 64 fields
letters
words
Splitting keyboard

Direct Interface Techniques
13
P300 - Background

positive curve on EEG after 300ms
relevant seldom stimulation
strongest signal at parietal lobe

Direct Interface Techniques
14
P300 - Application

Typing tool with 6x6 fields
Letter identification by column, row
Consecutive iteration
30 sec / letter

Direct Interface Techniques
15
ERS/ERD - Application

Event related synchronization / desynchronization
Imagined hand/foot movement
Cursor movement
FES coupling (functional electrical stimulation)

Direct Interface Techniques
16
ERS/ERD - Video
Direct Interface Techniques
17
SSVEP - Background

steady state visual evoked potential
steady amplitude on EEG
based on flickering neon tubes
amplitude consciously modifiable
biofeedback

Direct Interface Techniques
18
SSVEP - Example

Flight simulator
amplitude lt threshold left
amplitude gt threshold right

Direct Interface Techniques
19
Agenda

Historal overview
Reading the brain
Direct Interface Techniques
BCI Applications
Current Projects

20
BCI Applications

Medical applications
Possibly only communication channel for people
suffering from e.g. paraplegia, amyotrophia
Neuroprosthetics
Surgically implanted devices used as replacement
for damaged neurons
Currently available cochlear implant (bionic ear)

BCI Applications
21
BCI Applications