Aristotle

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Aristotle
(The one on the right)

• By Andrea Turnquist

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His Life

• Aristotle was born in 384 B.C, in the city of
  Stagira , Greece
• His father, Nichomachus, was a physician tot he
  Macedonian royal family and taught Aristotle
  medicine
• In 367 B.C, Aristotle was sent to Athens to study
  philosophy with Plato, at his academy
• He stayed at the Academy until 347 B.C

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More

• He was a brilliant pupil, but he was opposed to
  some of Platos teachings. As a result, when
  Plato died, Aristotle was not appointed head of
  the academy
• Aristotle left Athens and traveled to many
  different places, such as present day Turkey
  studying biology
• He returned to Macedonia in 338 B.C, to tutor
  Alexander the Great, and he set up his own
  academy, called the Lyceum

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Even more

• After Alexanders death, Aristotle was forced to
  flee Athens to the Island of Euboea, where he
  died in 322 B.C

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What he Accomplished

• Aristotle is said to have written over 150
  philosophical treatises, the subjects ranging
  from biology to physics to morals to politics to
  aesthetics
• the passage on the next slide tell a summery of
  the contributions that Aristotle made to the
  mathematical and philosophical world

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Whereas Aristotle's teacher Plato had located
ultimate reality in Ideas or eternal forms,
knowable only through reflection and reason,
Aristotle saw ultimate reality in physical
objects, knowable through experience. Objects,
including organisms, were composed of a
potential, their matter, and of a reality, their
form thus, a block of marble -- matter -- has
the potential to assume whatever form a sculptor
gives it, and a seed or embryo has the potential
to grow into a living plant or animal form. In
living creatures, the form was identified with
the soul plants had the lowest kinds of souls,
animals had higher souls which could feel, and
humans alone had rational, reasoning souls. In
turn, animals could be classified by their way of
life, their actions, or, most importantly, by
their parts.
From http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristot
le.html
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More of what he accomplished

• Even though his philosophies were not w/o errors,
  they were some of the greatest biological
  synthesis of all time
• They remained the ultimate authority among people
  for centuries after his death
• He observed and discovered many things about the
  world and biology years before anyone else, such
  as the anatomy of the octopus, cuttlefish,
  crustaceans and other sea animals

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Cont

• He discovered the difference between fish and
  whales and dolphins proved that whales and
  dolphins are not fish
• He described the embryological development of a
  chick the social organization etc. of bees
• His classification system of animals had two
  groups those w/blood and those w/o blood

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Ce sont plus

• The animals w/blood had five different
  genera-mammals, birds,amphibians, fishes, and
  whales
• The animals w/o blood were classified as
  cephalopods,crustaceans, insects,shelled animals
  and zoophytes or plant animals
• Aristotle also had treatises on Earth Sciences as
  well (cont on next slide)

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Oui, cest bien!

• He called his treatise Meteorology but he defined
  it as "all the affections we may call common to
  air and water, and the kinds and parts of the
  earth and the affections of its parts.
• He worked out the hydrologic cycle too. "Now the
  sun, moving as it does, sets up processes of
  change and becoming and decay, and by its agency
  the finest and sweetest water is every day
  carried up and is dissolved into vapor and rises
  to the upper region, where it is condensed again
  by the cold and so returns to the earth."

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You know

• He also discusses winds and Earthquakes (he
  thought that Earthquakes were caused by
  underground winds), Thunder, Lightning, rainbows
  meteors, comets, and the Milky Way (which he
  thought had something to do w/ the atmosphere)
• On the next few slides are quotes from his
  philosophies about the Earth

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quotes

• The same parts of the earth are not always moist
  or dry, but they change according as rivers come
  into existence and dry up. And so the relation of
  land to sea changes too and a place does not
  always remain land or sea throughout all time,
  but where there was dry land there comes to be
  sea, and where there is now sea, there one day
  comes to be dry land. But we must suppose these
  changes to follow some order and cycle. The
  principle and cause of these changes is that the
  interior of the earth grows and decays, like the
  bodies of plants and animals. . . .

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More quote

• But the whole vital process of the earth takes
  place so gradually and in periods of time which
  are so immense compared with the length of our
  life, that these changes are not observed, and
  before their course can be recorded from
  beginning to end whole nations perish and are
  destroyed.

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THE END

• Aristotle was one of the greatest thinkers his
  time and of all time when his work was
  rediscovered in the medieval times, his followers
  called him The philosopher or The master of
  those who know