Justice

1
Justice

• VUT
• Dr David Lee
• 2001

2
Justice

• What is justice?
• Justice suggests concepts such as
• fairness
• rightness
• equity
• integrity

3
Justice

• Generally we see justice as the standards and
  expectations which any society holds concerning
  relations between the members of that society,
  and the rights and services that are due to any
  member of that society

4
Justice

• The concept of justice as fairness
• A just society should has a means to guarantee
  equality, where no individual would suffer from
  subordination or subjection
• John Locke (18th C philosopher)

5
Justice

• The notion in this sense is to denote equality.
• A just person is one who treats all people as
  equal.
• It is not how things are, but how they should be.

6
Justice

• In health care, justice as fairness is not
  usually taken to mean that every person must be
  offered identical service and treatment.
• It does suggest that all persons irrespective of
  wealth, power, status, religion or affiliation,
  should be offered fair access to services which
  accord with their health needs.
• (Kerridge et al, 1998)

7
Justice

• Comparative justice
• Appropriate levels of health care can only be
  accorded to individuals by weighing up the
  competing claims of other people.

8
Justice

• Thus, justice is based on needs rather than
  wealth, power, favoritism or discrimination

9
Justice

• Distributive justice
• It is the distribution of resources on the basis
  of various moral, legal and cultural rules.
• (John Rawls, 1971)

10
Justice

• Please prioritize the following persons who you
  would save
• A new born baby with heart problem
• A 18 year old female with heart problem
• A 35 year old male with heart problem
• A 50 year old male with hear problem

11
Justice

• A new born baby with heart problem with HIV
  positive
• A 18 year old female with heart problem a
  drug addict and street prostitute
• A 35 year old male with heart problem a nurse
• A 50 year old male with hear problem your
  father

12
Justice

• Rawl (1971)
• An ideal society should give everybody some basic
  rights, and the potential to advance themselves,
  as long as this doesnt conflict with the rights
  of others.

13
Justice

• This view suggests that the just society is one
  which strives for an average or common good that
  protects against neglect of the disadvantaged

14
Justice

• According to him, the only health care system
  would be one that guaranteed essential services,
  even for those who lack wealth, status and power.

15
Justice

• Justice is not distributed if there are two de
  facto systems one which offers the fullest of
  services for those who can afford private
  insurance, and the other which offers a
  sub-standard service in terms of expertise and
  promptness.