REVIEW OF IMPACT OF POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS ON PASTORAL PRODUCTION, LAND USE, WATER MANAGEMENT USING SEA AND OTHE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS

1
REVIEW OF IMPACT OF POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS ON
PASTORAL PRODUCTION, LAND USE, WATER MANAGEMENT
USING SEA AND OTHE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS

• Prepared by Hella, J.P.
• Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA),
• Department of Agricultural Economics,
• Morogoro.
• 23rd April 2009

2
Uwakilishi

• Utangulizi kwa ufupi
• Njia tulizo tumia kukusanya taarifa ya repoti
• Hali halisi ya ufugaji wa kuhamahama
• Maelezo ya mtazamo wa sera
• within overall national development
• specific to the livestock sector
• dealing with access to pastoral resources
• dealing with conservation of wildlife and other
  natural resources
• dealing with decentralization and local
  governance
• Hitimisho
• Mtazamo wa Wadau

3
Introduction

• Sustainable development requires a strategic
  approach that takes into account the interactions
  between social, economic and environmental
  issues.
• There is a need to promote policies, strategies,
  programmes and practices that integrate
• social,
• economic and
• environmental objectives of society.
• The concept of mainstreaming environment into
  development frameworks has emerged in recent
  years to help decision makers to include
  environment in their agenda
• Strategic environmental Assessment (SEA) has
  emerged as a key tool for achieving greater
  integration which is aimed at achieving
  sustainable development

4
Introduction cont

• Of late, the country's environment has been
  heavily affected with
• land conflicts between pastoral and the non
  pastoral community,
• lack of capacity to enforce environmental laws
  and
• lack of working tools.
• The existing legal framework was not moulded to
  absorb such challenges
• Country specific laws are among the major
  important instruments for transforming
  environment and development policies into action
• Starting point in improving policy design for the
  development of pastoral areas to include
  improving policy understanding of the rationale
  behind pastoralism
• Hindered by the fact that policy formulation is
  essentially a State-driven political process that
  tends to favour dominant groups while pastoralism
• minority vote (lt 5),
• occupy large areas of land of low economic
  potential
• practice a livelihood system many consider to be
  economically inefficient and
• environmentally destructive

5
Introduction cont

• Pastoralists and their interests are thus not
  very high on national policy agendas.
• THUS SEA and other tools will help to incorporate
  environmental/sustainability issues in strategic
  decision making and improve strategic actions on
  environmental sustainability and poverty
  reduction in Tanzania

6
Where are the agro-pastoralists?
7
Situation of pastoralists

• Despite the extensive documentation of the
  efficacy of indigenous pastoral systems in
  Tanzania and elsewhere negative perceptions
  pervade pastoral policy and management,
  especially in regards to livestock mobility and
  the migration of pastoralists to new territories
  outside their traditional areas

8
Situation of pastoralists.

• The Pastoral Masai in action

9
Mobility its role in pastoralism Positive
effects

• It results in the optimal utilization of the
  existing natural resources, temporal and spatial
  variations in the distribution and quantity of
  rainfall and forage, as well as the best
  nutritional status of the forage.
• It is an effective way of risk management by
  evading drought conditions and actual or
  potential disease or pest outbreaks,.
• It avoids the over exploitation of the natural
  resources by reducing concentration of livestock
  in one area,
• Evidence from Botswana and Mali - animals reared
  in mobile systems X3 more productive per hectare
  than those reared under similar climatic
  conditions in ranches or sedentary systems in
  either Australia or the USA

10
Positive effect cont.

• Have access to dispersed, ecologically
  specialized and seasonally varied grazing lands
  and watering holes
• To provide forage for different livestock
  species and
• To afford a margin of safety against erratic
  rainfall.
• It is not true that pastoralism is irrational and
  destroys the environment.
• Pseudo-technical assertions that blame
  pastoralists for environmental degradation and
  desertification have no scientific basis.

11
Pastoral Migration pattern in Tanzania
12
Pastoralism under pressure (sedentarisation)

• Forced sedentarisation
• Since colonial period to modernize the
  pastoralists system through sedentarisation
  policies and projects.
• Failed blamed the pastoralists for being
  conservative and resistant to change
• Non- forced sedentarisation
• to access infrastructure such as schools,
  hospitals and markets,
• because of drought
• the loss of their animals
• It results in large numbers of livestock being
  confined in one area for the whole year, thus
  overburdening the grazing area and consequently
  damaging the environment through land degradation
  due to overgrazing

13
Current problems of pastoralism

• ecological significance of mobile pastoralism is
  little understood, and consequently much
  interfered with
• by policy makers,
• development planners and governments in their
  common desire to modernize livestock production

• Lack of understanding of pastoralism by policy
  makers

14
National Land Policy, 1995

• The growth of the livestock population has raised
  demand for grazing land, and has created serious
  soil erosion problems in some areas due to
  overgrazing .. this has led to increased
  movement of large herds of livestock to areas
  which traditionally had few livestock, such as
  Mbeya, Iringa, Morogoro, Rukwa and Coast Regions,
  creating serious land use conflicts. (URT,
  National Land Policy, 1995).

15
Agric. Sector Dev. Strategy, (2001)

• While seasonal migration of livestock is an
  important coping mechanism in times of drought,
  there are problems of disease control, land
  degradation due to a lack of sense of ownership
  of the grazing lands, and occasional conflicts
  between crops and livestock farmers (URT, Agric.
  Sector Dev. Strategy, 2001).

16
JK Speech to Parliament, 30th (Dec. 2005)

• We will take deliberate measures to improve the
  livestock sector. Our people must change from
  being nomadic cattle herders to being modern
  livestock keepers. We will take measures to
  improve pastures, veterinary care, cattle dips,
  and auctions (Hon. Jakaya M. Kikwete, President,
  URT on his inaugural speech to Parliament, 30th
  Dec. 2005).

17
JK Press conference announcing his Cabinet, (4th
Jan. 2006)

• We are producing little milk, export very little
  beef, and our livestock keepers roam throughout
  the country with their animals in search for
  grazing grounds. We have to do away with archaic
  ways of livestock farming. I therefore create a
  separate Ministry for Livestock (Hon. Jakaya M.
  Kikwete, President, URT in a press conference
  announcing his Cabinet, 4th Jan. 2006)

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Current problems of pastoralism cont

• State
• the establishment of national parks and game
  reserves on traditional pastoral lands, thus
  exclusion of pastoralists.
• Private
• expansion of small scale and commercial
  cultivation has also resulted in a loss of range
  resources
• Cultivation of wetlands on a small scale by
  local farmers
• large-scale irrigation projects
• Other land uses, e.g. mining,
• have depraved pastoralists of access to range
  resources.

• 2. Twins encroachment by state and private
  interest

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Current problems of pastoralism cont

• Schools, health services etc to be destructive to
  the lifestyles, livelihoods and value systems of
  nomadic pastoralists
• Disdain their parents way of life in favour of
  false expectations of a settled, urban life with
  professional jobs which most are never able to
  attain.

• 3. Inappropriate systems for delivery of social
  services

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Current problems of pastoralism cont

• In the past been a close and relatively
  harmonious association between livestock and
  wildlife in Tanzania.
• Pastoralists have had a significant influence on
  the evolution of the ecology of the areas they
  inhabit, including the type and distribution of
  wildlife species
• Expansive national parks, game controlled areas,
  WMA

• 4. Interaction between wildlife and livestock

21
Laws and policies touching on pastoralism

• Many policies, strategies and laws touch directly
  or indirectly on pastoralism and pastoralists
  livelihoods
• Those dealing
• with overall national development
• specific to the livestock sector
• dealing with access to pastoral resources
• dealing with conservation of wildlife and other
  natural resources
• dealing with decentralization and local
  governance

22
Those dealing with overall national development

• 1. The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction
  of Poverty (NSGRP), 2004
• 2. The Rural Development Strategy (RDS), 2001
• 3. The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
  (ASDS), 2001

23
The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of
Poverty (NSGRP), 2004

• Pays attention to stimulating private investment,
  improving infrastructure, developing human
  resources, building a competitive economy and an
  efficient government.
• Recognizes the need to make participation much
  more instutituonalised rather than a one-off
  event
• Opportunity for pastoralists to engage with
  government in various policies and strategies.
• NSGRPs recognition of pastoralism as a
  sustainable livelihood - able to urge the
  Government to steps to implement these proposals,
  which would be in their interests.

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Specific actions in NSGRP

• Promote efficient utilization of rangelands
• Empower pastoralist institutions
• Promote programmes that increase income
  generating opportunities for women men in rural
  areas promoting local small scale industries
• Construct more charcos (dams), improve access and
  quality of veterinary services, and promote dairy
  and leather industries, and
• Ensure improved access to reliable water supplies
  for livestock development through promotion of
  small-scale rainwater harvesting
• NOTE a significant opportunity is apparent
  within the NSGRP for pastoralists to assert their
  rights.

25
The Rural Development Strategy (RDS), 2001

• formulated to provide a strategic framework for
  the coordinated implementation of sector policies
  and strategies concerned with the development of
  rural communities in line with the Poverty
  Reduction strategy Paper (PRSP).
• RDS advocates improvement of the livelihood
  quality of rural people by meeting their basic
  needs.
• recognizes the need for rural people to be
  empowered to take charge of their development
• the strategy notes the negative consequences of
  their actions through migration, which it claims
  causes land degradation due to overgrazing, land
  use conflicts and the spread of animal diseases,
• has the objective of resettling pastoralists on a
  permanent basis by identifying and demarcating
  pastoral land, issuing of land title deeds to
  livestock keepers, improving water infrastructure
  in all livestock keeping areas and launching
  disease control campaigns.
• sees sedentarisation as the way of addressing the
  problems of pastoralists.

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The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
(ASDS), 2001

• Objective of the ASDS is to create an enabling
  conducive environment for improving the
  productivity profitability of the sector as the
  basis for improved farm incomes and rural poverty
  reduction is the medium and long-term
• ASDS envisions that, by 2025, modernized,
  commercial, highly productive and profitable,
  utilizes natural resources in sustainable manner
  and acts as basis for inter-sectoral linkages
• strategic issues addressed. These include
• Strengthening of the institutional framework for
  managing agricultural development
• Creating a favourable climate for commercial
  activities
• Clarifying public and private roles in improving
  support services
• Improving the marketing of inputs and outputs

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Implication to pastoralism

• The procedures for gaining legal access to land
  should be streamlined in order to make it
  possible to use land titles as collateral for
  loans
• lack of legal and physical access to land is a
  major hindrance for medium and large-scale
  farmers wishing to invest in agriculture, the
  Government will undertake land surveys and
  demarcation to identify potential investment
  zones.
• It notes the problems of disease control and land
  degradation due to a lack of individual ownership
  of the grazing lands, and occasional conflicts
  between crop and livestock farmers.
• Proposed that the needs of pastoralists and agro
  pastoralists in term of water, pasture and
  rangeland infrastructure must be identified in a
  participatory manner, and land to be used by
  pastoralists and agro pastoralists must be
  demarcated and allocated accordingly.
• To this end the Government will prepare
  comprehensive land sue maps to indicate areas
  suitable for cropping, grazing and for private
  sector investment.
• It is assumed that the entry of large-scale
  investors into the sector will lead to
  modernization.
• Means increased ease of land alienation from
  local communities and increased potential
  conflicts among various resource users including
  pastoralists.

28
Pastoralism within the Livestock Sector Policy
and Legal Framework

• Agricultural and Livestock Policy, 1997
• National Livestock Policy
• The proposed Beef Industry Act

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Agricultural and Livestock Policy, 1997

• The Government will work with pastoral
  communities, NGOs and the private sector to
  provide appropriate support services and delivery
  systems and,
• Policy argues that free movement of pastoralists
  with their cattle from over-stocked to
  under-stocked land areas, if not regulated, will
  bring about land ownership and land-use conflicts
  with settled communities
• It will facilitate and coordinate discussions
  with the local communities in under-stocked
  areas to agree on modalities of the new
  settlements.
• Its top down government regulated movement of
  livestock, based on management models which are
  alien to pastoralists, rather than building on
  the existing mobility mechanisms which are based
  on local knowledge and experience
• Policy promises of lot in terms of securing
  grazing lands for pastoral communities and the
  provision of services
• lack of legal mandate by the concerned Ministries
  to implement issues pertaining to land, and the
  lack of will on the part of Ministry officials.
  An examination of the proposed Livestock Policy
  will shed light on this.

30
National Livestock Policy, 2006

• By the year 2025, there should be a
  participatory livestock sector which to a large
  extent shall be commercially run, modern and
  sustainable, using improved and highly productive
  livestock to ensure food security, improved
  income for the household and the nation, while
  conserving the environment.

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Limitation of the Policy

• No policy statement to support pastoral systems
  to help in the conservation of natural resources
  and cultural heritage while providing for the
  improvement of their standard of living.
• Absence of policy provisions in support of mobile
  services to meet pastoralists basic needs in
  health, education and veterinary services.
• Lack of a clear policy statement on the
  strengthening of the financial capacity of
  pastoralists communities.
• Lack of a statement of capacity building of
  pastoral NGOs
• The policy is silent on measures to strengthen
  efforts to prevent desertification including use
  of traditional means of resource management which
  are more suitable than those based on Western
  range management concepts

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Limitation of the Policy

• There is no policy statement of pastoralism and
  the draft policys first weakness is that it does
  not even define pastoralism and agro-pastoralism
  except by equating it with the extensive
  livestock production system.
• Pastoralism is labeled as being an inefficient
  system which has poor animal husbandry
  practices, lacks modernization, is based on
  irrational behaviour to accumulate stock beyond
  the carrying capacity, and lacks market
  orientation.
• In essence, the new livestock policy is
  anti-pastoralism and wishes it away.
• The social aspect of pastoralism is completely
  ignored in the policys pursuit for modernization
  and commercialization of the livestock sector.

33
The Beef Act

• Ministry is currently in the process of preparing
  the Meat Industry Board Act, which will regulate
  the meat industry in the country.
• Objective is is to organize the marketing of meat
  and meat products both nationally and
  internationally.
• It is noted that the meat sub-sector is currently
  made up of many scattered individual smallholder
  producers and traders and very few, if any, big
  and commercial oriented meat industry
  stakeholders.
• Proposed membership of the meat Industry Board
  and the General Assembly for the Meat Industry
  Board gives very little opportunity for
  pastoralists to have a meaningful input into
  these organs.

34
Those dealing with Pastoralism and access to
resources

• The National Land Policy, 1995
• The Land Act and Village Land Act, 1999
• Tanzania Investment Act, 1997
• The proposed Range Management act, 2005

35
The National Land Policy, 1995

• Overall aim is to promote and ensure a secure
  land tenure system, to encourage the optimal use
  of land resources, and to facilitate broad-based
  social and economic development without
  endangering the environment.
• Some of the specific objectives of the Policy
  include
• To promote an equitable distribution of, and
  access to, land by all citizens
• To ensure that existing rights in land especially
  customary rights of smallholder peasants and
  herdsmen are recognized, clarified and secured in
  law
• To streamline the institutional arrangements in
  land administration and land dispute adjudication
  and also make them more transparent, and
• To protect land resources from degradation for
  sustainable development

36
The Land Act and Village Land Act, 1999

• Key features of the Village Land Act include
• This Act is subservient to the Land Act
• Land under this Act may be held for customary
  rights of occupancy, for which a certificate will
  be issued
• The Act recognizes communal village land
• Land sharing between pastoralists and
  agriculturalists is recognized
• Every village shall establish a Village Land
  Council to mediate disputes concerning village
  land
• The President may transfer any area of village
  land to general or reserved land for public
  interest
• Public interest shall include investments of
  national interest
• customary titling extends to the
  individualization of land holding then it will
  interfere with communal use of pastoral
  resources. This will amount to fragment the
  commons, which will interfere with traditional
  arrangements for utilization of common grazing
  resources

37
Land and Village acts limitations

• The biggest threat to pastoralism in Tanzania
  therefore, lies within this piece of legislation.
  Its enactment and the repeal of the Range
  Development and Management Act, 1964 and the
  Rural Lands (planning and Utilization) Act, 1973
  pose a great threat to pastoralists livelihoods

38
Tanzania Investment Act, 1997

• The Tanzania Investment act, 1997, allows
  non-citizens to own land for the purpose of
  investment.
• The setting aside of 2.5 million hectares of land
  for prospective investors under the new land Bank
  scheme under TIC will take away land already
  occupied by people such as nomadic pastoralists
  and other vulnerable communities.

39
The proposed Feed Range Management Act, 2007

• The pFRM Act is to increase the productivity of
  Tanzanias Rangelands and livestock sector
• To meet these objectives the Act proposes to
  establish a rangeland Management Council and
  provide for the development and management of
  Range Development Areas.
• Within the Range development Areas, rangeland
  developments shall be installed, used, maintained
  or modified in a manner consistent with multiple
  use management
• It is a ranchers vision of livestock production
  in Tanzania, which seeks to control, through
  technical means, the major factors of livestock
  production access to forage and water.
• Such as vision, however, fails to accommodate the
  highly dispersed and unpredictable nature of
  natural resources in Tanzania.

40
Those dealing with Pastoralism and conservation

• The Environmental Management Act, 2004
• The Wildlife Conservation Act No. 12 of 1974 (as
  amended in 1978)
• The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 1998
• The proposed Revised Wildlife Act, 2004

41
The Environmental Management Act, 2004

• The objective of this Act is to provide for and
  promote the enhancement, protection, conservation
  and management of the environment
• Areas declared as environmentally sensitive by
  government authority
• Areas designated by (NEMC) as prone to soil
  erosion
• All areas that have been closed by the Minister
  to livestock keeping, occupation, cultivation and
  other specified activities
• Arid and semi-arid lands
• Land specified by the NEMC as land which should
  not be developed on account of its fragile nature
  or of its environmental significance
• Land declared under any written law as an
  environmentally sensitive area or hazardous land.
• The act is not clear on measures to be taken in
  supporting and preserving mobile pastoral systems
  to help in the conservation of natural resources
  and cultural heritage.

42
The Wildlife Conservation Act No. 12 of 1974 (as
amended in 1978)

• Many of the protected areas in the country are
  either pastoral lands or were used by
  pastoralists in the past. For example, among the
  123,165 sq km designated as Game Controlled areas
  by the Act, 28 are in areas traditionally used
  by pastoralists.
• The Act places severe restrictions on accessing
  land declared a Game Reserve or Game Controlled
  Area. The law prohibits any person from entering
  a Game Reserve unless he/she is ordinarily a
  resident in the area, from carrying any firearm,
  bow or arrow and from grazing any livestock in
  the area
• The law thus grants powers to the Government to
  disposes pastoralists of their lands but it is
  silent on what should happen to those who had
  traditionally relied on such lands, either by way
  of compensation or otherwise benefiting from such
  government steps

43
The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 1998

• The Policy sees wildlife conservation as an
  important activity that should be able to compete
  with other forms of land use, especially since it
  generates substantial amounts of revenue and
  foreign exchange to the state
• The Policy promotes local community participation
  in conserving and exploiting wildlife resources,
  it facilitates the further marginalisation of
  pastoralists by encouraging more land to be
  brought under wildlife conservation at the
  expense of pastoral activities.

44
The Revised Wildlife Act, 2004

• Revised Wildlife Act is expected to provide the
  legal basis for implementing the Wildlife Policy
  of 1998
• Thus, while the Act continues to advocate the
  expansion of wildlife-protected areas including
  wetlands
• Act proposes an even more stringent approach to
  the protection of wildlife including the
  establishment of an armed paramilitary Wildlife
  Protection Unit for the enforcement of the Act.
• The act also proposes stiff penalties for those
  contravening the Act.
• act allows game farming as well as the
  establishment of sanctuaries, zoos, etc,
• How pastoralists will be involved in demarcating
  and allocating land to such investors,

45
Those dealing with Pastoralism
decentralization

• The main objective of decentralization was to
  improve the delivery of service to the public and
  to further democratize the system of public
  service management
• their lack of participation in the structures of
  governance where policy decisions are made, and
  their lack of access to basic social services
  like health and education.
• the on-going decentralization process in Tanzania
  has a major influence on pastoral communities
  participation in governance and access to
  services
• the mobility of pastoral communities has made it
  difficult for them to participate in the
  mainstream political process at local level
• pastoralists have traditionally lacked a common
  voice or organized institutions to represent
  their interests in the decision-making process.

46
Conclusions

• This report has documented key policies,
  strategies, laws and other initiatives, both
  existing and planned, which have a direct impact
  on pastoralists livelihoods in Tanzania, and for
  each of them has highlighted those specific areas
  and issues which anybody interested in
  pastoralism should take not of.
• It is required that before this report is passed
  and according to SEA and other tools will help to
  incorporate environmental/sustainability issues
  in strategic decision making and improve
  strategic actions on environmental sustainability
  and poverty reduction in Tanzania, this report is
  brought to you for further discussion and action

47
Discussion tips

• CLIMATE Change
• The ability to adapt to climate change is low and
  high levels of extreme poverty are further
  eroding traditional support mechanisms.
• Our present understanding of the role of
  traditional institutions and folk knowledge in
  sustaining responses to climate variability is
  poor
• Helping decision makers to understand and deal
  with current levels of climate variability can
  clearly provide an entry point to the problems
  posed by increasing variability in the future

48
Discussion tips

• WATER Scarcity
• Both surface and ground water reserves are
  dwindling much faster that what human being has
  perceived
• This situation calls for and need to reverse
  consumption pattern so as the our farming systems

49
Discussion tips

• LAND availability
• Although Tanzania has ample land, human and
  livestock population growth coupled with uneven
  distribution has surpassed the carrying capacity
  in several areas
• Todate we observe several clashes between clans,
  tribes, and communities for land resource
• This calls for sustainable approach to calm the
  situation

50
SAUTI YA WADAU (Meatu)

• Walenge kuuondoa.
• No support kuhama hama.
• If we encourage kuhamahama hatutafanikiwa sana,
  watu wanapigana.
• What sera do you want to act.
• Tuweke mikakati miundo mbinu ili wafuge kibiashara

51
SAUTI YA WADAU (Chamwino)

• Sio swala jepesi sana kama linavyotazamika.
• Ngombe wanaharibu mazingira,
• Wafugaji zaidi ndio wanaochangia uharibifu wa
  mazingira kuliko.
• Things are taken politically, carrying capacity,
  what is the current study???.
• Sera zimekuwa ni siasa, hakuna vitu vya kutendea
  miundombinu, Kutenga maeneo hakuna kilicho
  fanyika hadi sasa. Wafugaji wanazidiwa hoja na
  wakulima na wanjiona wana thamani sana.
  Tuzungumzie

52
SAUTI YA WADAU (MLFD)

• Sera ya 1997 serikali itaweka infrastructures,
  imeweka kwenye Livestock policy, kuwe na
  controlled area.
• 70 wanakufa kwa kupe.
• Movements without schools, hospitals, community
  development watoto watasomaje, faida
• miaka ya 70 and 90s. kuwa na controlled movements
  as will be sustainable

53
SAUTI YA WADAU (VPO)

• Loop sided only advantages.
• Wametunyima upande mweingine. Watupe conclusion
  kwani hatujui upande mwingine uko vipi.
• Tuelezwe. Swala la carrying capacity, e.g. 20,000
  units hazijatumika. Maeneo hayajatumika
  kikamilifu.
• Waangalie sera za nchi nyingine ziko vipi kama
  Botswana. Kujaribu kuonsha thamani ya mifugo na
  ubora wake.

54
SAUTI YA WADAU (NEMC)

• Sheria haiwezi kutamka, lakini imezingatia kila
  wizara kuwe na environmental unit.
• Sheria ya mazingira iwe sheria mama.
• Ufugaji ni vigumu kusema huu haufai au huu
  unafaa.
• Lazima kuwe na EIA.

55
SAUTI YA WADAU (siri)

• Pastoralism is contraversal kuhusu wafugaji
  wahamaji au wahamaji wafugaji.
• Tuwe na co-existance.
• Huyu mtu tumsaidiaje asiwe condemed. Migration is
  a coping strategy. What is our contribution to
  government.
• What is the contribution of mifugo plus positive
  aspects. Let us look at the reasons why do they
  move.
• Effects of Maasai being security guards. Botswana
  are selling because they are strict on movements
  thus are disease free. Come up with right
  wordings.

56
SAUTI YA WADAU (UNDP)

• Mijadala ni ya kujenga. Tanawakisha sehemu fulani
  ya ya watendaji. Ni lazima mijadala inayofuata
  iwahusishe wafugaji ili wapate nafasi ya kutoa
  real perpectives.

57
SAUTI YA WADAU (DPP)

• Tupate maoni ya wenyewe wanaohamahama
• Controlled against uncontrolled grazing
• Ipi ni bora na kwanini wanahamahama

58
SAUTI YA WADAU (UNDP)

• Mazao mengi yanalimwa na watu sehemu kame
• Kuhusu sheria zinavyopawsa kutusaidia. Tuwe mbele
  kuliko Botswana, nani atadhibiti ubora, kutangaza
  tunaogopa, kweli tunafuata sheria
• Kikao kiwe cha kwanza ili vingine vifuate
• Look at this country as one and ours
• Market access. Tuwaandalie masoko ya kutosha.
• Serikali haiwajali kodi haiwajali kodi
  inawafanyia nini
• Tufike mahali tukae pamoja kuwe na maendeleo
  endeleve
• Wizara tusaidiane kwa pamoja ili tujue nini
  tufanye kuboresha

59
Asanteni sana