Water Management

1
Integrated Water Management
Johnny Browaeys
2
CH2M HILL

• Fortune 500 company, 27,500 employees, over 80
  countries, 6.4 billion USD revenue
• Environmental Consulting, Engineering and
  Construction
• First projects in China in 1915
• About 15 offices in China
• About 380 staff in China

3
MASDAR CityClient Abu Dhabi Future Energy
Company
Location United Arab Emirates

• Project Scope
• The first zero-carbon and zero-waste sustainable
  city nestled in the heart of Abu Dhabi
• Comprehensive Abu Dhabi government program to
  address sustainable energy sources and
  environmental practices
• Project focus on developing and commercializing
  advanced and innovative technologies in
  renewable, alternative, and sustainable energies
  (photovoltaic, wind, solar thermal, solid waste,
  and ground-sourced heat pumps)
• Our Role
• Serve as program manager for the development of
  MASDAR City
• Identify and measure environmental impacts
  throughout MASDARs life cycle (energy, water,
  wastewater, and transportation)

3
4
Water has become a Challenge to Society
5
Water Stress is prominent in industrial
development areas
Less than 1,700 m3/ person/ year is considered
stressed
6
Industry Sustainability Concerns

• Sustainability concerns
• Risk to operations
• Insufficient water supply
• Decreasing water quality
• Increasing water treatment costs
• Downstream constraints
• Effluent discharge limitations
• Increasing wastewater treatment costs
• Water management affects businesses around the
  world, throughout the value chain

7
Strategic Signal 1 Business Disruption Risks

• Increasing competition among water uses
• Priority to basic human needs
• Protection of water eco-resources
• Agriculture
• Expanding industrial demands
• Industry at risk to lose water supply or have
  supply constrained

8
Strategic Signal 2 License to Operate at Risk

• Current allocations are not assured into the
  future
• Extreme weather events (drought, hurricanes)
  causing short-term (months long)
  re-prioritization of water rights
• Water rights re-assessed and re-allocated in
  developing countries
• Right to discharge effluents being challenged
• Businesses lacking contingency plans are
  vulnerable to disruption

9
Strategic Signal 3 Water Management Costs
Increasing
10
The Business Case
11
What are the economics?

• Benchmarking
• Is water expensive now?
• Is the situation sustainable?
• Cost Evaluation
• Direct costs
• Raw water
• Pre-treatment
• Specialized treatment
• Wastewater treatment
• Indirect costs
• Expansion constraints
• Permitting and legal maintenance
• Environmental Liability

12
Assessing the Economics - A Common Profile
13

• Point 1a Current operations.
• Point 2a Cost reductions from optimization
  efforts
• Cascaded water reuse projects requiring only
  operational changes
• Typically result in minimal expense, but
• Higher concentration effluent (decrease in water
  quality from 1b to 2b)

14

• Point 3a Step increase in wastewater treatment
  costs
• Substantial increase in water quality / marginal
  cost increase
• Water quality increases from 2b to 3b,
• Costs increase marginally from 2a to 3a
• Capital projects reduce water consumption and
  wastewater generation.
• Facilities to allow segregation
• Reprocessing and reuse of process water
• Reuse of intermediate quality waste streams
• Sidestream softener recycle of cooling tower and
  blower blowdown

15

• Point 3 to Point 4 Large-step increase in
  treatment costs, as incremental wastewater
  quality improvement requires substantial increase
  in capital and operating costs.
• Installation of high technology equipment such
  as
• Electrodialysis units
• Brine concentrators
• Evaporation-crystallization systems
• Ion-exchange units

16

• Point 5 Water Use Minimization and Wastewater
  Reuse
• Targeting Zero Discharge Operation

17
Water Risk Management

• Requires an understanding of a companys water
  needs in relation to local externalities
• Water availability current and projected
• Population/industrial growth
• Water and wastewater quality objectives
• With a focus on,
• Identifying strategies to preserve water
  balances that affect operations
• Seeking on location opportunities to conserve the
  utility of water

18
Assessing the Drivers
19
Determine Your Profile And Then Implement
20
Global Water Tool

• Developed for the World Business Council for
  Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
• Free and easy-to-use tool for companies and
  organizations to map their water use and assess
  risks relative to their global operations and
  supply chains
• The tool can be downloaded at www.wbcsd.org/web/w
  atertool.htm

21
Implement Advanced Solutions
22
Step 1 Set Baseline Water Balance

• Identify specific water-intensive operations, or
• Those with high potential for recycling water
• To an upstream point in the same process or
• To another process in the plant.

23
Step 2 Benchmark Against Industry

• Water is used in the industry as
• Raw material,
• Cleaning or reagent solvent,
• Heat transfer medium,
• Conveyance medium,
• Reaction product, and
• Fire extinguishing medium.
• Large body of knowledge and experience exists
  from which to draw ideas

24
3 Evaluate Management Strategies

• Recycle and Recovery Approaches
• Process Changes
• Various Pollution Prevention Techniques
• Operations Strategies
• Source Reduction

25
Step 4 Finally strive to Reduce Source

• Eliminating waste, a more reusable water stream
• Smaller equipment
• Stream segregation
• Reduce or even eliminate end-of-pipe treatment
• Easier to expand production volume

26
Case Study Manufacturing Company

• Implementing water reuse with results
• Lowered purchased water consumption
• Reduced wastewater discharges
• Potential reduction in discharge limitations
• Recognized annual operating cost savings
• Demonstrated environmental stewardship

27
Facility Description

• Manufacturing operations divided into 6 areas
• Machining and grinding
• Solvent degreasing
• Metal finishing (cleaning, electroplating,
  anodizing, conversion coating)
• Spray painting
• Assembly
• Utilities including Steam plant (16 boilers),
  Cooling towers (131), Wastewater treatment plant

28
Baseline Water Balance
29
Alternatives Evaluation Results

• Established Recovery for Reuse Objectives
• Recover 240-720 gpm water of drinking water
  quality
• Recover up to 55 gpm water with low TDS and oil
  grease, and
• Recover up to 90 gpm water with low alkalinity,
  hardness, silica, iron, copper, and 7ltpHlt8.5.

30
Implementation Results

• Additional costs electricity, chemicals,
  membrane replacement, analyses, maintenance,
  operating labor, and concentrate disposal.
• Offset by savings in purchased water costs, (OM)
  for existing ion exchange units, and OM on the
  cooling towers
• Estimated annual net savings between 50,000 and
  100,000.
• Out of 1,47 mgd that was originally discharged,
  up to 1.08 mgd now can be reused. Current
  infrastructure allows to distribute 0.6 mgd.
  Additional end-users will be added.
• Demonstrated environmental stewardship has
  enhanced credibility with water and environmental
  agency stakeholders
• Retained the Sustainability of Operations (eg
  current debate on China CTL)

31
Global water and air volume (SPL Reference
Number E055/330)

• Water sphere of 1390 kilometers across, volume of
  1.4 billion cubic kilometers.
• Air sphere of 1999 kilometers across, weighs 5140
  trillion tons.

32
Water sustains all.Johnny.browaeys_at_ch2m.com
33
????