How did Americans find escape from the hardships of the depression.

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Warm-Up

• How did Americans find escape from the hardships
  of the depression.

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Objective

• Students will understand how Americans found
  escape from the hardships of the depression.

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The Dust Bowl
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1. During much of the 1930s, a severe drought
destroyed parts of_____, Kansas, Colorado, New
Mexico, and Texas and turned it into the Dust
Bowl.

• Oklahoma

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The Dust Bowl
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Black blizzards
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2. _____, called black blizzards, buried
farmhouses, fences, and even trees.

• Dust storms

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What happened to farmers?

• The Dust Bowl

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3. After years of overgrazing and plowing
destroyed the grasses that held the soil in
place, the _____of the 1930s and high winds
caused the Dust Bowl.

• drought

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Migrant workers
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4. Hardest hit by the drought and dust storms
were poor farmers in Oklahoma and Arkansas called
"_____" and "Arkies".

• Okies

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5. Farmers became unwelcome _____ that
encountered angry crowds who blocked the highways
and sent the migrants away.

• migrant workers

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Working Women
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6. Even the federal government refused to hire a
woman if her _____ had a job.

• husband

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7. Many New Deal programs, such as the_____, were
not open to women at all.

• Civilian Conservation Corps

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Women in the workplace
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8. During the 1930s, the number of married women
in the workforce increased by _____ percent.

• 52

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9. Educated women took jobs as secretaries,
school teachers, and____, while others worked as
maids, factory workers, and seamstresses.

• social workers

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10. In San Antonio, Texas, _____ , organized the
pecan shellers and led them off the job when
employers lowered their pay.

• Emma Tenayuca

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An active First Lady
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11. Eleanor Roosevelt acting as the "_____" of
the President traveling 40,000 miles in one year
alone.

• eyes and ears

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African Americans
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12. African American workers were threatened or
beaten when they signed up for___.

• work

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13. FDR reached out to African Americans and won
their support for the_____.

• Democratic party

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14. The President invited black leaders to the
White House to advise him and they became known
as the_____.

• Black Cabinet

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15. They included_____, a Harvard-educated
economist, and Mary McLeod Bethune, a well-known
Florida educator.

• Robert C. Weaver

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16. When FDR appointed_____ to head the National
Youth Administration's Division of Negro Affairs,
she became the first African American to head a
government agency.

• Bethune

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Mexican Americans
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17. Mexican Americans faced discrimination in
education, jobs, and at the_____.

• polls

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18. More than _____ people were rounded up and
sent to Mexico including citizens who had been
born in the United States.

• 400,000

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Asian Americans
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19. Asian Americans were often refused service at
barber shops, restaurants, and other_____.

• public places

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20. In 1935, FDR signed the _____which provided
free transportation for Filipinos to return to
the Philippines for good.

• Repatriation Act

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Native Americans
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21. In 1924, Congress had granted all Native
Americans _____ and Roosevelt encouraged new
policies toward Native Americans.

• citizenship

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22. In the 1930s, Congress passed a series of
laws called the _____ that gave Native American
nations greater control over their own affairs.

• Indian New Deal

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23. In 1934, Congress passed the _____ that
protected and even expanded land holdings of
Native American reservations.

• Indian Reorganization Act

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24. To provide jobs during the depression, the
government set up the _____ to employ Native
Americans in programs of soil-erosion control,
irrigation, and land development.

• Indian Emergency
• Conservation Work Group

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25. In 1935, Congress launched the_____. It
promoted the creation and sale of Native American
art.

• Indian Arts
• and Craft Board

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Arts of the Depression
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26. In The Grapes of Wrath, _____ told the
heartbreaking story of the Okies.

• John Steinbeck

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27. In Uncle Tom's Children, _____ described
racial violence against black southerners.

• Richard Wright

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28. The huge murals of _____ brought the history
of the frontier to life.

• Thomas Hart Benton

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29. In American Gothic, _____ painted an Iowa
farmer and his daughter who look determined
enough to survive any hardship.

• Grant Wood

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30. The vivid photographs of _____ showed the
suffering of Dust Bowl farm families.

• Dorothea Lange

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31. _____ photographed poor tenant farmers in the
South.

• Margaret Bourke-White

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Escaping Hard Times
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32. Americans found ways to escape the hard times
of the 1930s including listening to the _____ and
going to the movies.

• radio

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Radio
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33. Comedians such as _____ and Gracie Allen made
people forget their troubles for a time.

• George Burns

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34. People listened to dramas like "_____" that
told a story over weeks or months.

• Ma Perkins

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35. Because many of radio shows were sponsored by
soap companies, they became known as_____.

• soap operas

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36. On Halloween night 1938, the radio show _____
by Orson Welles led to thousands of terrified
people seeking ways to escape the Martian
invasion.

• The War of the Worlds

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Movies
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37. _____ became a hugely popular star at the age
of five with songs like "On the Good Ship
Lollipop" and danced with popular black
entertainer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.

• Shirley Temple

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38. Walt Disney's _____ was the first full-length
animated film.

• Snow White
• and the Seven Dwarfs

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39. In 1939, _____won American hearts in The
Wizard of Oz.

• Judy Garland

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40. The most expensive and most popular movie of
the 1930s, _____, showed Civil War in a romantic
light.

• Gone With the Wind

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pg 725, 12

• 1. Identify (a) Dust Bowl, (b) Black Cabinet, (c)
  Mary McLeod Bethune,(d) Indian New Deal, (e)John
  Steinbeck,(f) Richard Wright, (g)Dorothea Lange,
• 2. Define (a)migrant worker,(b)civil rights,
  (e)repatriate.

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Dust Bowl,

• One region-including parts of Oklahoma, Kansas,
  Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas-was especially
  hard hit.
• The topsoil dried out.

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(b) Black Cabinet,

• These unofficial advisers became known as the
  Black Cabinet.
• They included Robert C. Weaver, a
  Harvard-educated economist, and Mary McLeod
  Bethune, a well-known Florida educator.

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(c) Mary McLeod Bethune,

• FDR appointed Bethune to head the National Youth
  Administration's Division of Negro Affairs.
• She was the first African American to head a
  government agency

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(d) Indian New Deal,

• The laws gave Native American nations greater
  control over their own affairs.
• In 1934, Congress passed the Indian
  Reorganization Act (IRA). It protected and even
  expanded land holdings of Native American
  reservations.
• Protected religion, and reconstructed land

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(e)John Steinbeck,

• In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck told
• the heartbreaking story of the Okies
• " Carloads, caravans, homeless and hungry. . .
  They streamed over the mountains, hungry and
  restless-restless as ants, scurrying to find work
  to do. . . anything, any burden to bear, for
  food. "

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(f) Richard Wright,

• Black writers of the Harlem Renaissance continued
  to create new works.
• In Uncle Tom's Children, Richard Wright described
  racial violence against black southerners.

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(g)Dorothea Lange,
The vivid photographs of Dorothea Lange showed
the suffering of Dust Bowl farm families.
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3. (a) Give two causes of the dust storms of the
1930s

• drought, high winds, overgrazing by cattle,
  plowing by farmers

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3.(b) What problems did farmers in the Dust Bowl
region face?

• Homes were buried in dust topsoil blew away.

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4. Explain how each of these people tried to
improvelife for others during the depression

• (a) Eleanor Roosevelt,
• (b) Emma Tenayuca,
• (c) Robert C. Weaver,
• (d) John Collier,

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(a) Eleanor Roosevelt,

• talked to the poor and reported to the President
  spoke out on social issues

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(b) Emma Tenayuca,

• She organized pecan shellers in San Antonio, TX,
  to win higher pay

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(c) Robert C. Weaver,

• Member of Black Cabinet
• Advised FDR on policies affecting black Americans

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(d) John Collier,

• Headed Bureau of Indian Affairs, eased
  anti-Indian policies strengthened tribal
  governments

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5. Why were movies and radio important to
Americansduring the depression?

• They provided an escape from hard times

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6. Why doyou think minorities suffered greater
discrimination during the depression than during
good times?

• In hard times people looked for scapegoats
  minorities were easy targets.

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Chapter 26 Section 4 Quiz
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Homework
Study Guide