MINIMIZED WASTAGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

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MINIMIZED WASTAGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

• PRESENTED BY
• IR. SUYANTO HJ. OSMAN

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BRICKS
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CEMENT
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WOOD
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REBAR
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SAND
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INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING
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INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING
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INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING
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WHAT IS WASTAGE

• Something that
• is wasted
• waste or
• waste materials.

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What is construction waste?
Construction Waste
Waste generated by design
activities
Waste generated by construction activities
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Construction Waste
Waste generated by design activities

• Drylining cutting of plasterboard sheets and
  metal studs to fit wall heights and openings
• Flooring cuttings of floor tiles to fit room
  layouts
• Ceilings cuttings of ceiling tiles and fixings
  to fit room layouts
• Insulation cutting of insulation boards to fit
  openings
• Tiling cutting of floor and wall tiles to suit
  design and room shapes
• Paving cutting of paving slabs to fit layout
• Brickwork and blockwork cuttings of bricks and
  blocks to suit building dimensions and building
  services

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Construction Waste
Waste generated by construction activities

• Inaccurate or surplus ordering of materials that
  dont get used
• Damage through transportation and handling
  errors
• Damage through inadequate storage
• Damage generated by poor co-ordination with
  other trades
• Rework due to low quality of work
• Inefficient use of materials
• Temporary works materials (e.g. formwork,
  hoarding etc)

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Construction Waste Facts(UK Statistics)

• Recent research indicates that about 5-10 of
  building materials end up as waste on building
  sites.
• 2.5 to 4 tons about 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square
  foot of waste is created during the
  construction of a typical home.
• Most construction waste currently goes into
  landfills, increasing the burden on landfill
  loading and operation.
• (In Malaysia, most construction waste goes into
  illegal dumping site)

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Construction Waste Facts(UK statistics)

• Consists mainly of

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The process of buying materials

• A waste allowance is generally included within
  the order to account for design waste and
  construction process waste.
• Often generic and not project specific and as
  such run a risk of being inaccurate.
• Leads to either the order of a surplus of
  materials or a materials shortfall.
• Little evidence exists on the practice of
  reconciliation between materials ordered and
  materials used, therefore limiting the
  information available on contractors knowledge
  of their own efficiency levels.

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Typical Malaysian Contractors Material Wastage
Allowance
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The true cost of waste
Purchase Cost of the delivered materials wasted
Cost of waste storage, transport, treatment and
disposal
Loss of not selling waste for salvage or not
recycling

• Cost of waste usually included in the project
  tender price.
• Contractors often underestimate the real cost of
  waste.
• Clients often end up paying for new materials
  that simply get thrown away.

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WHY BOTHER?

• An effective effort in minimizing
• wastage in construction can
• Make significant savings to the client,
  contractors and the environment
• Divert a high percentage of all construction
  waste materials from the landfill and recycled
  into new products.

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Conventional Construction Structure
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Financial Benefits to clients and contractors

• Clients end up paying for material wastage.
• By reducing wastage, a reduced cost for the
  project can be achieved.
• Cost saving may be shared by main contractors,
  sub contractors and clients

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Financial Benefits to sub contractors
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Environmental benefits
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By setting waste reduction actions, you can
reduce the amount of waste that is generated by
your project. This is the first step in reducing
the amount of waste sent to landfill.
Once the amount of waste generated has been
reduced, actions can be set to recover MORE of
the wasted materials, sending LESS to landfill.
Many products contain recycled material. Recommend
ed minimum target 10 recycled content
Lets assume that 20 of the materials purchased
for this project will be wasted.
Lets now look at what happens to the waste that
has been generated.
There are often opportunities to reuse some waste
materials on-site.
This waste can then be included in the project
instead of being disposed of in skips.
Lets say that you are able to recover 50 of the
offsite.
Only 45 of the waste would be sent to landfill.
Materials Reused Onsite 0.5 tonne
Materials Reused Onsite 1 tonne
Recovered Offsite 5 tonnes
Recovered Offsite 7 tonnes
Recovered Offsite 10 tonnes
Materials Used In Project 80 tonnes
Materials Used In Project 90 tonnes
Recycled Materials 10 tonnes
Materials Purchased 100 tonnes
Waste Destinations Reused on site Recovered off
site Sent to landfill
Waste Destinations Reused on site5 Recovered
off site Sent to landfill
Waste Destinations Reused on site5 Recovered
off site50 Sent to landfill
Waste Destinations Reused on site5 Recovered
off site50 Sent to landfill45
Waste Destinations Reused on site5 Recovered
off site70 Sent to landfill25
Recycled Content 10
Wastage rate 20
Wastage rate 10
Sent to landfill 9 tonnes
Sent to landfill 4.5 tonnes
Sent to landfill 2.5 tonnes
Materials wasted 20 tonnes
Materials wasted 10 tonnes
Virgin Materials 90 tonnes
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CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE

• 1. DESIGN
• Design Changes.
• Failure to use standard production item or
  standard size component
• Lack of
• design information/delayed instruction
• Lack of dimension coordination.
• No consideration on Value Management.

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CAUSES OF Cont..CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE

• 2. WASTAGE DURING CONSTRUCTION
• Purchasing
• Material Transportation and delivery
• Storage problems
• Practical waste
• Handling and Fixing Waste
• Faulty or poor workmanship
• Vandalism and Theft

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EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
Site Management and Practices
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EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
Site Management and Practices
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EXAMPLES OF CAUSES
Delivery of products
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THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING WASTAGE IN
CONSTRUCTION
TIME
WASTAGE
QUALITY
COST
Wastage will have direct impact on Time, Cost and
Quality of a construction project
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HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MINIMIZE WASTAGE

• Attitude toward Minimizing wastage
• Design to prevent waste
• Use of prefabrication construction method instead
  of conventional method.
• Material procurement and handling
• Adapting a Site Waste Management Plan

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Who should take action to reduce construction
waste?

• A shared responsibility between all parties
• The Client
• The Designer
• The Contractor
• The Sub contractor and Supplier
• The Workers
• Contractors and sub contractors, cannot work in
  isolation.
• Leadership is required from clients.

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Design To Prevent Waste

• Examples
• Optimize designed dimensions to correspond to
  standard product dimensions.
• Modify framing details to optimize lumber use and
  reduce waste and costs when ordering.
• Order drywall in optimal dimensions to minimize
  cut-off waste. Drywall is available in different
  lengths, and designed dimensions should
  correspond to standard sizes.
• Minimize the number of blueprints and
  reproductions necessary during the design and
  construction.
• Evaluate if salvaging used products is possible.

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COMPARISON WASTAGE LEVEL OF MAJOR MATERIAL USED
ON SITE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL PREFAB CONSTRUCTION
Source Comparing material wastage level between
conventional in-situ and prefabrication
construction on 30 construction projects Hong
Kong Universities
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Purchase To Prevent Waste

• Avoid excessively packaged materials and
  supplies. Packaging should be adequate to prevent
  damage and waste.
• Minimize waste of vinyl siding, flooring and
  countertop materials by ordering only the
  quantity needed in building specific lengths.
• Evaluate estimating procedures to make sure that
  excess material is not delivered to the site.

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The solution

• Adopt a robust system that enables the
  production of accurate estimates of material
  requirements at the start of a project that links
  to real waste figures on completion.

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A best practice approach to waste reduction
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Planning
Implementation
Review
Improvement
Main contractor requests final waste information
from sub contractors
Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise
awareness Demonstrate better financial and
environmental results
Clients sets targets for waste
Main contractors and sub-contractors review
waste and take action to minimise and manage waste
Main contractor prepares Site Waste Management
Plan
Sub contractors complete waste information
questionnaires
Sub contractor estimates waste
Quantitative Record
Qualitative Checklist
Quantitative Estimate
Qualitative Checklist
Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back
to client
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A Site Waste Management Plan contains the
following key features
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Planning
Client sets targets for waste

• waste targets as set by client,
• an estimate of the waste to be generated on site,
• actions to reduce waste, and
• actions to avoid waste going to landfill

Main contractor prepares Site Waste Management
Plan
Sub contractor estimates waste
Quantitative Estimate
Qualitative Checklist
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Best Practices
Implementation

• Appoint a Site Waste Manager responsible to
• ensure that appropriate storage conditions are
  available
• keep a record of all materials brought to site
• Site Waste Manager to ensure materials are
  supplied in an appropriate manner, and in the
  correct quantity
• Site Waste Manager monitor costs/volumes of
  disposal
• The Site Waste Manager to determine KPIs on this
  basis
• Sub contractors appoint a Trade Waste Manager

Main contractors and sub-contractors review
waste and take action to minimise and manage waste
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Reviewing data and providing feedback can have
real benefits, such as
Q
Review
Main contractor requests final waste information
from sub contractors

• Assess effectiveness of the waste minimization
  and management strategy.
• Learn what works and doesnt work in reducing
  waste
• Identify exactly how efficient main contractors
  and sub contractors were on the project in turn
  enabling them to understand how wasteful they
  were
• Main contractors can see which trades contributed
  what quantity of materials to the waste stream
  and why enabling them to prepare better waste
  estimates in the future
• Capture any relevant data for future reference
  and use.

Sub contractors complete waste information
questionnaires
Quantitative Record
Qualitative Checklist
Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back
to client
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Improvement
Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise
awareness Demonstrate better financial and
environmental results
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Appoint A Site Waste Manager
While all people involved should be encouraged
to contribute their ideas and suggestions on ways
to minimize waste, one person (or the
Environmental, Health and Safety Manager) should
act as the Site Waste Manager, responsible for
overseeing the management of construction wastes.
This person will be responsible for managing
waste reduction initiatives and coordinating the
activities of other employees.
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Key role of a site waste manager .

• Ensure that all relevant legislation and the
  contractors duty of care is complied with.
• Initiate waste reduction, reuse and recycling.
• Ensure all site personnel know their
  responsibilities for site waste management.
• Co-ordinate waste management on site, gather data
  about waste on site, keep accurate records on
  waste movement on and off site.
• Ensure that all waste storage areas and
  containers are properly labelled to show site
  workers where to deposit specific materials.
• Be aware of the construction activities currently
  taking place on site and the activities planned
  in the short term.

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Key role of a site waste manager

• Conduct a survey of wastes likely to be generated
  on site and keep a record of them for planning
  ahead.
• Whenever possible, ensure the re-use or recycling
  of material already on site before it is carted
  away or new materials are imported.
• Obtain a list of potential buyers or collectors
  of materials to be re-used or recycled.
• Encourage all site personnel to use their
  initiative in coming up with ideas of how to
  reduce, reuse and recycle wastes.
• Inform designers so that waste can be reused and
  recycled on site or on another site.

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Managing Subcontractors

• Use a system of allowable waste percentages. In
  the early pre-work agreements the site manager
  decides how much waste is acceptable, and agrees
  a percentage with the subcontractor.
• If they waste more than the agreed amount, they
  can be charged the extra costs.
• This is a great incentive to reduce wastes by
  efficient use of
• materials. The lower the allowable percentage,
  the more care people will take with materials.
• Setting the right level is crucial.

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Managing Subcontractors

• Make subcontractors responsible for both
  purchasing the raw materials they need, and
  disposing of any waste material from their
  activities. This will give them a direct
  financial incentive to use materials efficiently
  with the minimum of wastage.
• Make subcontractors aware of wastage and the
  costs involved in dealing with wastes.
• Hold regular meetings to discuss wastage on site.

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INCENTIVES

• If contractors or sub-contractors can
  demonstrate a willingness to support and engage
  in waste reduction measures and demonstrate that
  these have an effect on their waste, then they be
  identified as preferred bidders.

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Policy and legislation

• Currently no regulatory obligation in Malaysia to
  reduce and manage waste to good practice
  standards.
• Hope this presentation will increase the
  awareness for the need of public policy to
  achieve greater resource efficiency and reduce
  wastage in the construction industry.

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Landfill Tax
The Landfill Tax in UK was introduced in 1996 to
encourage all organisations, including those in
the construction industry, to reduce the amount
of waste disposed to landfill.
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Mandatory requirement for Site Waste Management
Plans (SWMPs)
It is expected that the use of SWMPs will become
a mandatory requirement for many construction
projects throughout the UK in the near future,
the current position being summarised below.
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OFFENCES AND TO WHOM (UK)
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CONCLUSION

• Activities that minimize wastage, such as
  designing to standard sizes, reusing building
  materials, not only cut waste and recycling
  collection costs but also reduces materials'
  expenses.
• Small changes to construction practices and extra
  attention to detail can add up to significant
  savings to the client, the contractor and the
  environment.
• Everyone of us here has a role to play in
  bringing changes to our construction practice.
  Let us begin.

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Thank You