Intercultural Theories

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Intercultural Theories

• Part 2 of the Module
• International Networking and Intercultural
  Theories
• Culture2 Shadid

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CULTURE
Culture Pinxten
Culture Hofstede
Culture Trompenaars

• Culture Shadid

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Point of view

• Intercultural differences
• Choice for diversity,
• not for homogeneousness
• Intra-culture and Inter-culture

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Intercultural CommunicationShadid

• Intercultural differences
• Topic 1
• Intercultural meeting
• Topic 2

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Symbols
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Stereotypes, prejudges and discrimination

• real judgement
• supposition (hypothesis) 
• premature judgement 
• stereotype judgement 

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Stereotypes, prejudges and discrimination

• prejudice- prejudgement
• discrimination
• racism

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Racism

• Racism different forms
• Three components (Fernandes Mendes, 1983)
• the belief that mankind can be divided into
  well-defined races.
• the belief that some races are superior to
  others.
• the belief that superior races have to dominate
  inferior ones

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Unique Personality
- education
religion -
- sexe
City/rural -
- gender
-
- black/white
- ethnicity
unique personality
Social - economic -
- nationality
- age
-
- decent
Physical/mental condition -
- profession
family -
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Cultural identity
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Topic 1 Intercultural differences

• Both in inter-cultural and in intra-cultural
  situations
• Miscommunication due to
• fixation on the foreign aspects
• mutual prejudices
• more than based on real differences
• change through knowledge, motivation and skills

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Topic 1 Intercultural differences

• Change through
• knowledge about
• process of intercultural exchange
• intercultural differences
• impact of society-context
• image building

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Topic 1 Intercultural differences

• Change through
• motivation
• individual motivation
• why change, move
• how to survive
• receiving society

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Topic 1 Intercultural differences

• Change through
• intercultural skills
• the third perspective

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Topic 2 Intercultural meeting

• Better understanding of the meeting process
  between members from different cultures

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Meeting process

• Move to an other culture
• as a choice
• from a need

? Cultural changes? cultural shock
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Culture shock

expectations
high
low
time
arrival
return
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Culture shock
break through

incubation
to get used
confrontation
arrival
return
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Culture shock
breakthrough

incubation
to get used
confrontation
ecstasy
balance
shock
arrival
return
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Culture shock

• Experienced travellers between cultures

high
adjustment
time
stay
return
low
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Culture shock

• People who can learn culture very easy

high
adjustment
time
stay
return
low
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Culture shock

• People who cant learn culture very easy

high
adjustment
time
stay
return
low
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Culture shock

• Different profiles of adjustment

expectations
high
adjustment
time
stay
return
low
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Preparation culture shock
1. Preparation leavers
2. Become sensitive to values norms and paterns
of behaviour of others
3. Adaptation courses by arrival
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Factors which influence the adjustment process

• Individual characteristics

• Cultural distance and size of the group

• Openess of the receiving society

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Theories

• Convergence theory of communication

• Systhem theory of intercultural transformation

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Training

• Training intercultural competences ? skills

• The third perspective

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Barcelona
legal
culturel
economy
Social-political
providers
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Learning about interculturality and social work

•  Learning education
• training capacities in intercultural negotiation
• understand what we do
• comprehend why we do as we do

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INTEGRATION ASSIMILATION - INCLUSION

• statements

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Process of intercultural meeting Integration
Assimilation - Inclusion

• We are all exciting immigrants

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Process of intercultural meeting Integration
Assimilation - Inclusion

• 2. Cultures dont meet, people do
• 3. Intercultural communication is not about What,
  but about How
• 4. The difficulty in intercultural communication
  is not the other, but yourself (and the culture
  of yourself)

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The difficulty in intercultural communication
The difficulty in intercultural communication is
not the other, but myself (and the culture of
myself)

• Others
• Do
• Say stereotypes
• Are

Me selfexpresion ?
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Process of intercultural meeting Integration
Assimilation - Inclusion

• 5. Learning in intercultural situations is more
  about your own culture as it is about the foreign
  culture
• 6. The process of intercultural communication is
  very complex.

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Relational competence
S / R
Skills

• Motivation

Knowledge
context
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Relational competence
Skills selfcontrol Interaction
control Altercentrism Expressivity

• Motivation
• Reward
• Purposes
• Fear

Motivation to act effective
Procedural knowledge
Monitoring
Knowledge
context
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Aspects of intercultural communication

• To treat others with respect

• React fair-minded

• Knowledge is subjective and individual

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Aspects of intercultural communication

• To approach the world through the glasses of the
  other

• Effective problem solving and
• relation building

• Proper management of the interaction with
  others

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Third perspective

• Open minded to new ideas

• Empathy to others cultures

• Observe differences properly

• Describe behaviour in stead of judge

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Third perspective

• Sharp-witted observers of own behaviour and of
  others

• Being able to build relations with people from
  other cultures

• Less ethnocentric