PERSIAN GULF

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PERSIAN GULF
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PERSIAN GULF
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PERSIAN GULF STATES
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Kuwait
Ruler of Kuwait is Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad
Al-Sabah, the Emir
Petroleum and oil are main production
Agriculture and food production is limited
fishing is now more essential
Surrounded by its enemy, Iraq, and larger
countries, Iran and Saudi Arabia
Invaded by Iraq and taken over in 1990.
Main religion ISLAM
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Gulf War ( Kuwait's Perspective)

• U.S., Saudi Arabia tells Iraq to leave Kuwait.
  Hussein ignores them.
• U.S. builds up forces in region.
• War fought between Iraq and Kuwait
• 44 days long
• Caused by Iraqs refusal to withdraw from
  Kuwait
• U.S. started a coalition which began a massive
  air war
• Kuwait is liberated
• Sheik comes back to rule his badly damaged
  country

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Gulf War Desert Storm
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Gulf War Iraqi Surrender
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The Future of Kuwait and Security Issues
Hussein still claims Kuwait as part of Iraq
Secured by American soldiers and weapons
America has a defense agreement with Kuwait
Ruled by Emir, is a monarchy
Women lost the right to vote and run for office
in November
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IRAQ
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SADDAM HUSSEIN

• chief of state President SADDAM Hussein (since
  16 July 1979)

• head of government Prime
• Minister SADDAM Hussein (since 29
• May 1994)

• Sunni Muslim

• 1937 Born in Audi, near the city of Tikrit, 200
  km north of Baghdad.

• Revolutionary Command Council Chairman SADDAM
  Hussein

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Gulf War

• Reason Iraq's occupation and annexation of
  Kuwait in August 1990. the Iraqi refusal to
  withdraw from Kuwait before the time limit
• August 2Iraq invades Kuwait.
• January 17 Allied attack begins with Apache
  strike at 238 A.M.
• February 28 Cease-fire takes effect at 8 A.M.
• June 8 Victory parade in Washington.

• 2,300 civilians died during the air campaign.

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IRAN-IRAQ WAR

• At the end, the the Iraqi army stood at 1,300,000
  soldiers 4500 tanks 600 combat aircraft.

• Intended to "liberate" the oil-rich, Khuzistan

• Lasted 8 years from 1980-1988

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Weapon Inspections

• Reason Iraq surrendered to allied forces in
  1991. Agreed to give United Nations inspectors
  access to all facilities the U.N. believed
  capable of producing weapons of mass destruction.

• A special United Nations commission called UNSCOM
  was created to carry out the task.

• Hussein has too many weapons.

• Hussayn doesnt participate very well with the U.N

Hussein vs. Weapons Inspectors
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Weapons Inspections
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IRAN
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IRAN UNDER THE SHAH

• Shah was a monarchy that ruled over Iran for 38
  years
• Under the Shah, Iran was not Islamic by law
• Shah considered valuable and powerful ally by US.
  
• Shah were hated by most Iranians because of ties
  with U.S. and because they were secular.

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Ayutollah Komeini and 1979 Revolution

• Led by Ayatullah Khomeini from outside Iran. He
  had been expelled by Shah in 1964. He sold
  cassettes of anit-Shah sermons into Iran.
• Revolution led other Persian Gulf countries to
  think they might have a revolution also
• Began with small protests and elevated to kick
  out the Shah.
• The Shah fled in 1979.
• Afterwards, Khomeini returned to Iran and created
  the Islamic Republic.

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IRAN-IRAQ WAR

• Lasted from 1980-1888
• 600,000-1,000,000 people killed
• Used trench warfare
• Able to push back the Iraqis because of
  population
• Ended in a stalemate, which means that nobody won.

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Khatami
Khaminei
Khaminei is the religious leader of Iran He is
supported by the military He wants to be more
like Ayatollah Khomenei.
Khatami is the current president of Iran He was
elected in 1997 He wants to be more like the
Shah He has improved freedom of speech and
improved Irans economics
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SAUDI ARABIA
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SAUDI ARABIA
THE WAHHABIS

• Modern Saudi Arabia founded by Wahhabis, a group
  of religious desert warriors.
• Strict application for Sharia Law, based on
  Koran, the Sunna.
• 1802 Wahhabis captured Mecca and founded the
  capital of Riyadh in 1824.
• Abdul Aziz unifies country.

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The Al Saud Family

• 1902 Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud captured Riyadh. He
  captured many territories and proclaimed himself
  King.
• 1932 He named his vast realm, Saudi Arabia.
  After his death in 1953, his eldest son, Saud,
  became King.
• 1958 King Saud transferred his legislative and
  executive powers to the prime minister, his
  brother, Prince Faisal.

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SAUDI ARABIA AND ITS OIL

• Saudi Arabias vast oil fields bring wealth and
  foreigners to Saudi Arabia.
• Saudi Arabia supplies the U.S. with 1.4 million
  barrels of oil a day, making Saudi Arabia the
  worlds most important oil producer.
• Saudi Arabia contains 261 billion barrels of
  proven oil reserves.
• Discovery of oil, several places around the
  Persian Gulf
• Largest exporter of the world

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SAUDIA ARABIA
In the Gulf War

• S.A. was an ally to Kuwait in war against Iraq.
• S.A. contributed more money than soldiers
  because they were afraid that Iraq would threaten
  the territory of S.A. Remember Saudi Arabia and
  Iraq are boarding countries.
• Saudi Government invites American soldiers into
  country for protection against the Iraqi military
  threat.
• Saudi citizens were very controversial about the
  idea of having U.S. troops in the holy lands.
• Fundamentalists wanted to overthrow Saudi
  government with terrorism.
• There is still terrorism in Saudi Arabia today.

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THE END