Energy Efficient Lighting Systems B.V.RAGHAVAIAH A.K.KHANRA Additional Director Engineering Officer RAJENDRA SINGH Engineering Officer

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Energy Efficient Lighting Systems
B.V.RAGHAVAIAH
A.K.KHANRA Additional Director
Engineering Officer
RAJENDRA SINGH Engineering Officer
CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHOPAL


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Introduction

• India is facing significant growth in electricity
  demand and could benefit greatly by using energy
  efficient lighting systems. The need of the hour
  for the country is secured, affordable and
  environmentally sustainable energy to meet the
  ambitious National Programme of Power to all by
  2012.
• Lighting is the most visible form of electricity
  consumption and lighting load in our country is
  very high about 17-18 of total load. By
  increasing the efficiency of lighting system,
  there can be significant energy saving and
  reduction in peak load. There is a scope for
  reducing about 30 to 35 of the morning and
  evening peak demand.

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Scheme for Promoting Energy Efficiency in India
Bachat Lamp Yojana

• The 'Bachat Lamp Yojana' aims at the large scale
  replacement of incandescent bulbs in households
  by CFLs. It seeks to provide CFLs to households
  at the price similar to that of incandescent
  bulbs and plans to utilize the Clean Development
  Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to recover
  the cost differential between the market price of
  the CFLs and the price at which they are sold to
  households.
• The Bachat Lamp Yojana is designed as a
  public-private partnership between the Government
  of India, private sector CFL suppliers and State
  level Electricity Distribution Companies
  (DISCOMs). The CFL suppliers would sell high
  quality CFLs to households at a price of Rs. 15
  per CFL within a designated project area in a
  DISCOM region of operation. The CFL supplier will
  be chosen by the DISCOM through a due diligence
  process from a list of CFL suppliers empanelled
  by BEE. Under the scheme, 40 watt, 60 Watt and
  100 Watt incandescent lamps will be replaced with
  9-11 Watt, 13-15 Watt and 20-23 Watt CFLs
  respectively.

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Best Practices in Lighting Systems

• Installation of energy efficient fluorescent
  lamps (T-5) in place of conventional fluorescent
  lamps(T-12).
• Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
  in place of incandescent lamps.
• Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in
  place of filament lamps.
• Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic
  ballasts in place of conventional magnetic
  ballasts.
• Use of high efficacy light sources for reducing
  the energy consumption for lighting .
• Solar Lighting Systems are providing to be a
  viable option in rural India because it involves
  no moving parts, low maintenance, and are simple
  to operate.

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Merits of LED lamps demerits of filament lamps

• Demerits of Conventionally filament lamps are as
  follows
• High energy consumption (15 watt/lamp).
• Failure of lamps is high (operating life less
  than 1,000 hours).
• Very sensitive to the voltage fluctuations.

• Merits of the LED lamps over Conventionally
  filament lamps are as follows
• Lesser power consumption (0.5-0.8 watt/lamp).
• Longer operating life (more than 1,00,000 hours).
• Withstand high voltage fluctuation in the power
  supply.

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Merits of high frequency electronic
ballastsover conventional magnetic ballasts

• Energy savings about 30 to 50 .
• Lights instantly.
• Improved power factor (more than 0.90 power
  factor).
• Less heat dissipation, which reduces the air
  conditioning load.
• No audible humming sound.
• No stroboscopic effect.
• Operates in low voltage.
• Less in weight.
• Increases the life of lamp.

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Characteristics of light source

• Efficacy
• Color rendering
• Color temperature
• Size
• Life
• Cost

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Factors affecting the lighting system design

• Use of high efficacy light source
• Use of more efficient luminaries
• Selective switching
• Utilization of daylight
• Luminaries of higher space to height ratio
• Higher reflectance surfaces of the room
• Visual task analysis
• Task oriented lighting.

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Solar Lighting Systems

• The Solar Lighting Systems are available in the
  basic categories which are as follows
• (A) Solar lanterns (B) Solar street
  lighting systems (C) Solar home lighting systems
• The solar lanterns are portable units which can
  be easily moved to any place where lighting is
  necessary. The lanterns are available with a 10
  or 12 Wp photovoltaic module and a 7 W CFL. It
  can be used for 3 to 4 hours per day after
  charging it for a day under normal insolation of
  2-3 kWh/day.
• The solar street lighting systems are available
  with a 70 Ah Battery. It has an automatic dusk to
  dawn Controller, with at least 3 days of back up
  power in case of low insolation regime.
• The solar home lighting systems are available
  with basic configuration of either 2 9 W CFLs
  or 2 11 W CFLs, with a 40 Ah Battery capable of
  operating for three to four hours per day. A
  small DC Fan of 20 W capacity can also be opted
  for.

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Energy Conservation Measures in Lighting Systems

• Use of LED lamps for indicating lamps will reduce
  the energy consumption.
• Use of compact fluorescent lamps in place of
  incandescent lamps, reduce the lighting energy by
  70.
• Use of mirror optic fluorescent lamps increases
  the lighting level considerably.
• Use of HPSV lamps in place of MPSV lamps reduce
  the energy consumption by 60
• As the lighting level is inversely proportional
  to square of the distance, optimizing the height
  of lamp will aid in reduction of lighting energy.

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Energy Conservation Measures
in Lighting Systems Contd

• Use of electronic ballasts for discharge lamps,
  reduce energy consumption by 20
• Installation of intelligent lighting controller
  will help in controlling the lighting
  energy.
• Use of photo sensor switch for street light
  controlling helps in conserving the lighting
  energy.
• Installation of auto cut-off switch to put off
  lights during lunch
• hours at the office buildings will reduce
  the lighting energy.
• At street lights, in many places, the reflectors
  inside the HPSV fitting are damaged, it is
  suggested to replace the fittings with anodised
  aluminium reflectors. This will improve the
  lighting level by 20-25.

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Why should people use CFLs?

• Switching from traditional light bulbs (called
  incandescent ) to CFLs will help to use less
  electricity at home and prevent greenhouse gas
  emissions that lead to global climate change.
• Lighting accounts for close to 20 of the
  average homes electric bill.
• CFLs, last upto 10 times longer, cost little up
  front
• Provide a quick return on investment.

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Do CFLs contain mercury?

• CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury
  sealed within the glass tubing - an average of 4
  milligrams .By comparison the older thermometers
  contain about 500 milligram of mercury an
  amount equal to mercury in 125 CFLs .
• Mercury is an essential part of CFLs it allows
  the bulb to be essential part of light source.
• No mercury is released when bulbs are intact or
  in use .Most makers of light bulb have reduced
  mercury in their fluorescent lighting products.
• Thanks to technology advances the average mercury
  content in CFLs has dropped at least 20 in the
  past year. Some manufacturers have even made
  further reductions, dropping mercury content to
  1.4-2.5milligrams per light bulb.

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What precaution should take when using CFLs in
home?

• CFLs are made of glass and can break if dropped
  or roughly handled. Be careful when removing the
  bulb from packaging, installing it, or replacing
  it. Always screw or unscrew the light bulb by its
  base (not the glass ), and never forcefully twist
  the CFL into light socket .If a CFL breaks in
  your home follow the clean up recommendations
  given by Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

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Key Product Features of CFLs

• Low electrical consumption as compared to
  conventional
• lighting products
• About 80 energy saving over incandescent bulbs.
• Long life up to 10,000 hours.
• It can operate within 130-280 V range.
• Low cost of maintenance.
• High luminous efficiency.
• Available in different colors to create desired
  ambience.
• Lamps designed for power factor higher than
  0.85.
• Mercury content within the CFLs (Maximum Limit
  being
• less than 5mg).

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What is LED?

• LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that
  emits light in forward direction or in the
  direction it is pointed towards.
• LEDs are most often used in the form of an
  indicator light in electronic devices, traffic
  signal lights, musical instruments and dashboards
  in cars and in houses, etc.
• The color of the light produced by LED depends on
  the composition of the semiconductor material
  used out of which producing a blue color light is
  the most difficult process.
• The nature of the light emitted can be visible,
  infrared or ultraviolet.

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Lifespan of a LED light bulb

• Most modern LEDs are undergo superior design and
  manufacturing process that gives them a lifespan
  of up-to 1,00,000 hours, compared with 10,000 for
  a compact fluorescent and 1,000 for an
  incandescent bulb.
• Lifespan of a LED bulb could come down due to the
  amount of heat a LED produces. This directly
  depends on die temperature and ambient
  temperature of the LED.
• Some LED light bulbs show sign of age after a
  couple of years of use and may produce only 50
  of the light output when compared to what it used
  to produce when it was new. However new
  technologies are in process to enhance its
  performance over its life span.

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Power consumption of LED light bulbs

• Most modern LED operate in a range of 2 to 4
  volts and consume anywhere between 350mA and
  1500mA. The power consumption varies from
  manufacturer to manufacturer and also because of
  the purpose for which the LED was designed.
• Another factor that affects power consumption of
  LEDs is for the fact that LEDs can not be dimmed.
• Now a days using latest of the LED manufacturing
  technology, manufacturers are able to produce
  LEDs that are not only super bright but also
  consume less power while producing light of
  higher intensity.

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Benefits of using LED light bulbs over standard
light bulbs

• Power consumption of LED light bulb is only 10
  of the standard light bulb.
• LED light bulbs withstand great amount of
  vibration, shock and temperature variations.
• LED light bulbs are 10-60 times more energy
  efficient than incandescent light bulbs.
• Incandescent light bulbs produce light that
  flickers whereas LED light bulbs produce flicker
  free light.
• LED bulbs can produce many rich and vibrant
  colors when compared to incandescent light bulbs.

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Key Product Features of LED light bulbs

• Low electrical consumption as compared to
  conventional lighting products.
• Pollution free due to non-emission of infra red
  or ultravioletrays, mercury gases or other
  harmful rays.
• Do not have ballasts thus, no interference.
• Existing fixtures used since long are used making
  installationof our lights easy.
• Operates on universal input range.
• Due to long shelf life, no maintenance is
  required.
• Lasts 5 to 10 times longer than other
  conventional lightingproducts virtually
  eliminating the need for frequentreplacement.
• Reduces Carbon Footprints at large scale making
  it viable toearn carbon credits.
• Suitable for all types of applications.

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Energy Snippets

• In Energy Snippets, the various upcoming Projects
  of Solar Power Plants in West Bengal Raj Bhawan,
  Solar Hub in Andhra Pradesh, replacement of
  incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps
  by the Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam
  (DHBVN), Haryana and also implemented scheme in
  Indian Railways under Energy Conservation and
  Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) through
  Renewable Energy Resources have been highlighted
  .
• A. CFLs on the bright track in Indian Railways
  It plans to replace the incandescent bulbs with
  Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in all its
  residential quarters, production units and
  workshop across the country and It will be
  registered under the Clean Development Mechanism
  (CDM).
• B. Mandatory for Haryana Industries The Dakshin
  Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (DHBVN) has made it
  mandatory for all the industrial units (both high
  tension and low tension) and their residential
  colonies, hospitals, street lighting, to replace
  the conventional bulbs with the energy efficient
  CFLs and T-5 tube lights or induction bulbs.

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Energy Snippets Contd

• C. Andhra Pradesh Blazes ahead on Solar
  Plans
• The Andhra Pradesh plans to develop the
  state into a major solar hub in the country at a
  fast pace , with the government announcing the
  setting up of a Cluster of solar farms at Kadiri
  in Anantapur district, 5000 acres land have been
  enmarked in Kadiri which would now be referred
  to as the Solar city. Four companies, namely
  Hyderabad- based Lanco Solar and Titan Energy,
  and US- based Sun borne and AES Solar, have
  together pledged investments to the tune of Rs.
  3000 crore to set up 2000 MW of solar- based
  power generation facilities in the solar city.
• D. Solar Powered LED Lights in West Bengal
  Raj Bhawan
• In West Bengal Raj Bhawan has
  planned to illuminate with 12 Solar Powered LED
  Lights. The Rs.1.0 crore project envisages
  building a 50kW grid interactive Solar
  Photovoltaic Power Station in Raj Bhawan along
  with a installing a 2000 lt. solar heating system
  and switching over to energy efficient LEDs. The
  Project is funded by the Ministry of New and
  Renewable Energy, Govt. if India, New Delhi and
  is expected
• to be completed by March, 2011.
  Source Green Energy, WISE, Nov.-Dec.2009
• 
  
• CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BHOPAL

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Changing Scenario of Lamps
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Conclusions

• Use of energy efficient lamps like CFL, LED, T-5
  fluorescent lamp, etc lead to enormous amount of
  energy savings which is estimated as 50 to 80.
• Electronic gears of conservation of energy like
  electronic ballast saves energy within the range
  of 10 to 20.
• Solar lighting systems such as Lanterns, Street
  Lights, Home Lights, etc. can be effectively
  used, especially in areas of where lighting is
  required for shorter duration. This will not only
  lead to energy conservation but also encourage
  use of non-conventional and environmental
  friendly energy system.

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