IPM Integrated Pest Control

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IPM Integrated Pest Control
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Klyn Nursery
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Pine NeedleScale
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Spruce spider mite
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Fall Webworm
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Chemical
Biological
Cultural
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A Definition
IPM is a process where the selection,
integration, and implementation of pest control
(biological, chemical or cultural) is based on
predicted economic, ecological, and sociological
consequences.
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IPM Principles and Concepts
Urban Approaches (for landscapes)

• Key Plants - plants prone to damaging pest
  problems.
• Key Pests - pests that can cause serious damage
  or plant loss.

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IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM Core Concepts

• No single pest control method will be
  successful.
• Monitoring (sampling) of the pest is constantly
  needed.
• Mere presence of a pest is no reason to justify
  action.

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IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM is NOT

• a biological control program
• an organic program
• a pesticide free program
• the most expensive approach
• the least expensive approach

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IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM is

• a decision making process that
• is based on ecological, economic and
  sociological values/restrictions,
• uses pest monitoring and sampling,
• and considers all of the control options.

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IPM Principles and Concepts
Traditional Approaches (based on crops)

• sample pest populations on a regular basis.
• develop pest economic injury levels.
• determine economic threshold levels (action
  thresholds) for each crop and pest.

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Do you use IPM and not realize it??

• Use targeted applications?
• Look before you spray?
• Select least toxic pesticides? (soaps, oils,
  Bt)
• Keep records of pest activity?
• Practice turf health care?

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• Healthy Plants
• Friable soils
• Proper nutrient balance
• Proper soil pH acid vs. alkaline
• Proper root and crown spacing
• Ample soil moisture
• Proper soil temperature
• Proper light levels
• Pure air
• Free of insects and diseases

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Rate at Which Water Moves in the Soil
Soil Types Infiltration rates
(inches/hour)
Sand gt0.8 Sandy silty
soils 0.4 to 0.8 Loams 0.2 to 0.4 Clay
soils 0.04 to 0.2
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SOIL From the Ground, Up!
Soil Properties
They are not independent they interact to
affect soil characteristics
Biological
Chemical
Physical
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Roots absorb nutrients as water carries it to them
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Growing Degree Days (GDD)

• A GDD is the measurement of the growth and
  development of plants and insects during the
  growing season and its direct relationship to the
  maximum and minimum temperatures

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Long Road Farm Phenology Garden
January 13, 2006
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Phenology

• It is the study of cyclic events of nature
  (plants, insects, and animals) in response to
  seasonal and climatic changes to the environment
• A base temperature of 50 DF is considered the
  beginning of plant and insect development

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Calculating GDDS

• Daily maximum daily minimum temperature divide
  by 2 minus 50 DF equals GDD for that day
• 60 30 90 DF / 2 45 DF 50 DF, therefore 0
  GDD
• 60 45 105 DF / 2 52.5 50 DF, therefore
  2.5 GDD
• The OSU Plant Phenology website accumulates
  GDDs, otherwise manual calculations must be
  done

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Finding GDDS, Plant Insect Development

• OSU Plant Phenology Website is
• Http//www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/gdd
• Willoways Plant Phenology Garden is
• Http//phenology.osu.edu/gardens.asp

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Yellow Sticky Traps

• A non toxic way to monitoring flying insects such
  as leafhoppers, aphids, fungus gnats,
  whiteflies, and leafminers
• Used in the field and greenhouses
• The glue does not dry out, not affected by rain
  and the traps will last until the surface is
  completely covered by insects
• Sticky traps are a useful tool to help detect and
  diagnose potential problems and track changes in
  pest numbers

(Clear polybutene material such as Stickem or
Tanglefoot glue)
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Phermone trap for borers
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Borer Phermone Traps

• Phermone traps consist of a sticky surface in
  which a sex phermone is place to attract the male
  moths
• Phermone traps are useful in monitoring specific
  pest species that are in the area
• Traps are placed at least 50 feet away from each
  other in addition to several locations in the
  nursery.
• There are specific lures for the Peach Tree
  Borer, Lesser Peach Tree Borer, Lilac/Ash Borer,
  Rhododendron Borer
• These borers are generally specific for the plant
  they attack

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Examples of Timing

• The Lilac/Ash borer and lesser peachtree borer
  adults begin to emerge when common Lilac and
  Vanhoutte spirea bloom (phermone is the same)
• An exception to the life cycle is that the banded
  ash borer emerge in August rather than May to lay
  their eggs
• The Greater Peach Tree Borer adults begin to
  emerge when the Goldflame bumald spirea first
  bloom

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Importance of this information

• Prompt spraying to prevent the insect from
  attacking plants
• Spray for borers after several adults are caught
  
• Spray for Ambrosia beetle with in 3 days after
  observing a damaged tree or the beetle
• Exception PLH, wait several days after adults
  are caught since nymphs cause the damage to the
  foliage

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List of Susceptible Plants

• Peach tree and Lesser peach tree borer
• Prunus spp., viburnum, betula
• Lilac / Ash borer
• Lilac, ash and privet
• Rhododendron borer
• Rhododendron, mountain laural, and decidious
  azalea, willow
• Banded ash borer
• Ash, aster
• Ambrosia beetle (fungus that kills the tree)
• Over 124 host plants. Prunus, magnolia, oak,
  sweetgum

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IPM of Fungicide Usage

• Consult product label
• Pay attention to reapplication restrictions
• Look for sensitive plants on the label
• Use the rate recommended per 100 gallons of water
• REI
• Try to rotate fungicides after every application
  

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IPM of Fungicide Usage / Do Not rotate the
following fungicides

• Compass, Cygnus, and Heritage are related
  strobilurons
• Spectro (Dac 3336) / Daconil 3336 are similar
  products
• Chipco 26019 and Sextant are similar
• Banner Maxx, Systhane, Strike, and Bayleton are
  sterol inhibitors
• Cleary 3336, Fungo F, and OHP 6672 are similar
  products
• Camelot, Phyton 27, and Kocide are copper
  containing products

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NOTES While using the Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) approach, ALL control options should be
considered cultural, chemical and biological.
Many believe that most landscape plants can
defend themselves from most pests if the plants
are given proper care suitable location,
nutrition and food. Under these conditions, most
pests have parasites, predators or pathogens that
keep their populations below serious damage
levels. However, urban landscapes often cause
plant stress and intervention may be necessary to
reduce pest attack. In these situations, most
pest management specialists suggest using the
least intrusive methods plant health care and
low impact pesticides. These methods help
conserve biological controls.
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Keys to Successful Biocontrols
! Easy to recognize
! Easy to use
! Public acceptance
! Cost effective
! Shelf life
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Other Things to Consider!
! PLANT HEALTH CARE
! Consult replace pest-prone plants
! Use root uptake systemics
! Apply at BEST time, not when convenient.
! Consult customer wants to know what is
going on!
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Classic Biocontrols
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Chinese mantis, a common imported predator
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Convergent lady beetle eating aphids
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What is this?
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Wolf spider with egg mass
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Beetle larvae
Scales
Twicestabbed lady beetle larvae eating magnolia
scales. They look like mealybugs, the classic
wolf in sheeps clothing!
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Bigeyed bugs are common predators of turf
infesting pests, like chinch bugs. They also
occasionally climb up ornamental plants in search
of prey. They run and fly rapidly. They are
identified by having the head width as wide or
wider than the body width.
Damsel bugs are common on perennials and flowers
where they are generalist predators.
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These lace bugs are running away from a minute
pirate bug. These tiny bugs normally feed on
eggs and mites, but they will take on larger prey.
This predaceous stink bug is feeding on a pine
sawfly larva. These stink bugs specialize in
feeding on caterpillars and sawflies.
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Green lacewings lay stalked eggs so that the
cannibalistic larvae dont kill each other.
Green lacewings are very common in urban
landscapes. They should not be confused with the
plant pests lace bugs.
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Green lacewing larvae have curved mandibles.
Green lacewings pupate within small barrel-shaped
cocoons.
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Some syrphid maggots are elaborately colored and
have fleshy extensions along the body side.
This tiny maggot is the larva of the predatory
aphid midge. These flies feed on aphids and
spider mites.
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An anthomyiid fly feeding on a leafhopper nymph.
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Aphid wasps are small black wasps that lay eggs
in the bodies of aphids. Upon completing
development, the wasp larva causes the aphid body
to swell into an aphid mummy.
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This hornworm was parasitized by a parasitic wasp
with larvae that fed inside the body but they
have pupated on the surface.
This cutworm has parasitic wasp larvae that are
feeding externally.
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A bluegrass billbug adult (above) and Japanese
beetle larva (right) infected with Beauveria.
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Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Steinernema carpocapsae
VectorJTL, ExhibitJ, SaviorJ
S. riobravis
VectorJMC, DevourJ
S. scapterisci
BioControl'sJ Nematode
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
CruiserJ, ScanmaskJ
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Bacillus thuringiensis
Bt -endotoxins
Variety
Target
Examples
caterpillars
Dipel, MVP
Bt. kurstaki
caterpillars
Mattch
Bt. aizawai
mosquitoes
Vectobac
Bt. israelensis
leaf beetles
Bt. tenebrionis
M-one
(san diego)
scarab grubs
M-press
Bt. japonensis
(strain 'Buibui')
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Conserving Biological Controls
! Learn to recognize biocontrols
! Provide food and habitat
! Use least toxic chemicals
! Target chemicals WHERE needed
! Educate customer
! BE PATIENT!!
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Selecting Least Toxic Insecticides
! Soaps and Oils (kill by contact only)
! Use short residual products
! Use IGR-type products (very selective)
! Use chloro or thianicotinoids
! Use microbial products
! ??
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More Information?
http//entomology.osu.edu