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Asepsis and Infection Control

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Title: Asepsis and Infection Control


1
Asepsis and Infection Control
  • NUR 302
  • Professor Susan Blakey, RN, MS

2
Infection Cycle
3
Breaking the Chain of Infection
4
Organisms Seen in Hospital
  • Staphylococcus aureus

5
Organisms
  • Hepatitis B
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Escherichia coli
  • Human Immunodeficiency virus

6
Stages of Infection
  • Incubation

7
Stages of Infection
  • Prodromal

8
Stages of Infection
  • Full Stage
  • Signs and symptoms
  • Convalescent
  • Recovery

9
Response to Infection
  • Normal Flora
  • Inflammatory Response

10
Response to Infection
  • Immune Response

11
At Risk for Infection
  • Integrity of skin and mucous membranes
  • Integrity of WBCs
  • Vulnerable populations
  • General Health Status
  • Stress Level
  • Indwelling devices

12
Common Infections
  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

13
Common Infections
  • Pulmonary Infections

14
Common Infections
  • Skin Infections

15
PREVENTION
  • Careful assessment
  • Early detection AND action
  • Immunizations
  • Assess for infections

16
Laboratory Data
  • Normal values are listed. With infection, all are
    elevated
  • WBCs (5,000-10,000 mm3)
  • Neutrophils (60-70)- acute infection
  • Lymphocytes (20-40)- chronic infection
  • Eosinophils (1-4)- allergic reaction
  • Pathogen present in culture

17
Patient Outcomes
  • Handwashing
  • Hygiene
  • Nutrition
  • Immunizations
  • Signs of infection
  • Symptoms of allergies

18
Asepsis
  • Activities to prevent spread of infection
  • Medical asepsis- clean technique
  • Surgical asepsis- sterile technique

19
Medical Asepsis
  • Hand hygiene
  • Carry linens away from your body
  • No linens on floor
  • Cover mouth when sneezing
  • Do not raise dust
  • Do not shake linens
  • Clean to dirty
  • Transmission precautioins

20
Hand Hygiene
21
CDC Guidelines
  • Soiled hands- Wash with soap and water
  • Not visibly soiled- alcohol based rub

22
Personal Protective Equipment
  • Gloves
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Protective Eyewear

23
PPE
24
Disposing of Contaminated Supplies
25
OSHA Precautions
  • Standard Precautions

26
OSHA Precautions
  • Airborne Precautions

27
OSHA Precautions
  • Droplet Precautions

28
OSHA Precautions
  • Contact Precautions

29
Surgical Asepsis
  • Sterile can touch only sterile
  • Do not spill on a sterile field
  • Hold objects above waist
  • Do not reach over field
  • Do not turn back on field
  • Outer 1 inch is considered sterile
  • If in doubt, treat as contaminated

30
Surgical Asepsis
  • Donning Sterile Gloves

31
Surgical Asepsis
  • Opening Sterile Packages

32
Surgical Asepsis
  • Sterile Procedures

33
Nosocomial Infections
  • Hospital Acquired
  • Handwashing- best way to prevent nosocomial
    infections

34
Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms
  • MRSA
  • Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • VRE
  • Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
  • VISA- Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant
    Staphylococcus aureus
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