Altered States of Consciousness

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Chapter 7

• Altered States of Consciousness

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Section 1 Objective

• Sleep and Dreams
• Discuss the four stages of sleep and the period
  of dreaming.

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Define

• Consciousness state of awareness, including a
  persons feeling, sensations, ideas, and
  perceptions.
• REM sleep sleep stage with rapid eye movement,
  high brain act, deep muscle relaxation, and
  dreaming.
• Circadian Rhythm rhythm of act and impact
  lasting about 1 day.
• Insomnia failure to get enough sleep at night in
  order to feel rested during the day.

• Sleep apnea sleep disorder in which a person has
  trouble breathing while asleep.
• Narcolepsy uncontrolled falling asleep or
  feelings of sleep during the day.
• Nightmares unpleasant dreams.
• Night Terrors sleep disruption that occur during
  stage 4 involve screaming, panic, or confusion.
• Sleep Walking walking or carrying out behaviors
  while asleep.

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Complete a chart on Freuds Levels of
Consciousness
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Describe the following during the levels of sleep.

• Stage 1? Pulse slows, Muscles relax, Breathing
  brain activity become uneven. Can last up to 10
  minutes. Production of Theta waves, brain waves
  shift from low amp high frequency to high amp
  and low frequency.
• Stage 2? Eyes move side to side, and can last up
  to 30 minutes
• Stage 3? Large amp Delta waves sweep brain every
  second or so

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Describe the following during the levels of sleep.

• Stage 4? Deepest sleep of all and is hard to
  awaken from. Large regular Delta waves are
  common. When awakened, one is disoriented.
  Sleepwalking, talking, bed wetting with no memory
  is common. This stage must be reached for mental
  and physical health.
• REM Sleep? Eyes move rapidly, adrenal and sex
  hormones increase. Body becomes paralyzed, while
  face and fingers twitch.

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The amount of sleep on needs decreases as one
gets older, while the percentage of time in REM
sleep increases

• True

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What causes jet lag?

• Circadian cycle not instinct with external clock.

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Give causes for the following disorders

• Insomnia? mental stress, anxiety, over use of
  drugs alcohol
• Sleep Apnea? Enlarged tonsils, throat ear
  infections, obesity
• Narcolepsy? Lack of sleep causing them to have
  problems at work, leisure, relationship
• Nightmares Terrors? Disturbing thoughts,
  unconscious ides, inability to resolve issues
  (trauma)
• Sleepwalking and talking? Stress, fatigue, use of
  sedatives, and heredity. Contrary to popular
  belief, it is ok to wake them.

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When would you have your most vivid and longest
dreams?

• During your last REM cycle

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T/F Dreams are usually pleasant and soothing.

• False, dreams are usually about fear, anxiety,
  and sadness

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From your own ideas thoughts Explain the
purpose of dreams.

• Allow us to resolve problems from the day
• Do some mental housecleaning get rid of
  non-needed memories

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In dealing with dreams, what do the following mean

• Manifest Content

• Latent Content

• Refers to the storyline, images and perceptual
  aspects

• Meanings (the hidden) that come from unconscious
  wishes

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Section 1 Recap-Sleep and Dreams

• Some researchers believe that sleep is
  restorative. Others believe sleep is a type of
  hibernation, necessary to conserve energy. Still
  others believe sleep clears the mind of useless
  information.
• There are several stages of sleepfrom Stage I,
  the lightest level of sleep, to Stage IV, the
  deepest level of sleep. REM sleep is an active
  type of sleep characterized by rapid eye
  movement.
• Sometimes people have problems falling asleep
  or during sleep. Sleep disorders include
  insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmares,
  night terrors, and sleepwalking.
• The mental activity that takes place during
  sleep is called dreaming.

• Main Idea Sleepan essential state of
  consciousnessinvolves stages and periods of
  dreaming.

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Section 2- Objective

• Hypnosis, Biofeedback, and Meditation
• Understand that hypnosis, biofeedback, and
  meditation are altered states of consciousness
  that can occur while we are awake.

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Define

• Hypnosis
• Posthypnotic
• Biofeedback
• Meditation

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How does hypnosis work?

• Put into an altered state of consciousness in
  which they become highly suggestible.
• Become responsive or receptive to certain stimuli
• Focus on one tiny aspect of reality
• Done by having one relax, discard distractions

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What are some uses of hypnosis?

• Block, Suppress, or Enhance memory
• Reduce Pain
• Help clients reveal problem or gain insight into
  life

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How is Hypnosis used by athletes?

• Relaxation/Visualization/ Way to achieve personal
  best

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What is the purpose of biofeedback?

• To teach, with the use of machines, how different
  thoughts and/or emotions effect their
  physiological behavior how to alter those
  effects

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What are the 3 approaches to meditation?

• Transcendental? repeating a phrase (Sanskrit)
• Mindfulness? presents of mind from toes?head
• Breath? concentrating on breathing

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Section 2 Hypnosis, Biofeedback, and Meditation

• Hypnosis is a form of altered consciousness in
  which people become highly suggestible to changes
  in behavior and thought.
• Biofeedback has been used to teach people to
  control a wide variety of physiological
  responses.
• Studies have suggested that the regular
  practice of meditation is physically relaxing and
  can also lead to changes in behavior. Others
  argue that meditation is indistinguishable from
  regularly scheduled relaxation.

• Main Idea Hypnosis, biofeedback, and meditation
  are altered states of consciousness that can
  occur when we

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Section 3 - Objectives

• Drugs and Consciousness
• Describe psychoactive drugs and how they interact
  with the central nervous system to alter
  consciousness.

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Define the following vocab words

• Psychoactive Drugs
• Marijuana
• Hallucinations
• Hallucinogens
• LSD

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Give 3 facts of marijuana uses effects

• Sensory experiences augmented music sounds
  fuller, colors brighter tastes stronger
• -Feelings are enhanced both positive negative
• -Can slow mental processes, cause lethargy, and
  be psychologically addictive

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Describe some effects of LSD

• Hallucinations/ Familiar objects become
  unfamiliar/ Senses become intermingled

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What are the different types of Opiates?

• Opium/ Morphine/ Heroin

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What are some effects of alcohol use?

• Immediate effect ? loosening of inhibitions
• Acting without social restraint or self control
• Slurred speech, blurred vision, impaired
  judgment, memory loss, and a condition called
  Beer Goggles
• Dependent on amount, frequency of use, and body
  weight, composition

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What is the most commonly used psychoactive drug?

• Caffeine

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What are some reasons that one abuses drugs?

• Avoid boredom
• Fit in with peers
• Gain self confidence

• Forget problems
• Relax
• Feel good

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What are the usual steps of drug abuse treatment?

• 1. Admission of problem
• 2. Enter treatment or therapy
• 3. Must remain drug free

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Section 3 Recap Drugs and Consciousness

• The effects of marijuana, a psychoactive drug,
  vary from person to person.
• Hallucinogens, whose main effect is to produce
  hallucinations, have been used for their effects
  on consciousness since earliest human history.
• LSD, a synthetic substance, is the most potent
  and most extensively studied hallucinogen.
• Alcohol is a depressant that serves to inhibit
  the brains normal functions.
• Drug abusers are people who regularly use
  illegal drugs or excessively use legal drugs.

• Main Idea Psycho- active drugs interact with the
  central nervous system to alter consciousness.