ICFA Standing Committee on Interregional Connectivity SCIC

1

• ICFA Standing Committee on
  Interregional Connectivity (SCIC)

Harvey B. Newman California Institute of
TechnologyICFA Meeting, BeijingAugust 20, 2004
2
ICFA Standing Committee on Interregional
Connectivity (SCIC)

• Created by ICFA in July 1998 in Vancouver
  Following ICFA-NTF
• CHARGE
• Make recommendations to ICFA concerning the
  connectivity between the Americas, Asia and
  Europe (and network requirements of HENP)
• As part of the process of developing
  theserecommendations, the committee should
• Monitor traffic on world networks
• Keep track of technology developments
• Periodically review forecasts of future
  bandwidth needs, and
• Provide early warning of potential problems
• Create subcommittees as needed to meet the charge
• Representatives Major labs, ECFA, ACFA, N. and
  S. American Users
• The chair of the committee reports to ICFA once
  peryear, at its joint meeting with laboratory
  directors (Today)

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SCIC in 2003-4A Period of Intensive Activity

• http//cern.ch/ICFA-SCIC/
• Monitoring Les Cottrell (http//www.slac.stanfor
  d.edu/xorg/icfa/scic-netmon) With Richard
  Hughes-Jones (Manchester), Sergio Novaes (Sao
  Paolo) Sergei Berezhnev (RUHEP), Fukuko Yuasa
  (KEK), Daniel Davids (CERN), Sylvain Ravot
  (Caltech), Shawn McKee (Michigan)
• Advanced Technologies Richard Hughes-Jones,With
  Olivier Martin(CERN), Vladimir Korenkov (JINR,
  Dubna), Harvey Newman
• The Digital Divide Alberto Santoro (UERJ,
  Brazil)
• With V. Ilyin (MSU), Y. Karita(KEK), D.O.
  Williams (CERN),D. Son (Korea), H. Hoorani, S.
  Zaidi (Pakistan), S. Banerjee (India), V. White
  (FNAL), J. Ibarra, Heidi Alvarez (AMPATH)
• Key Requirements Harvey Newman et al.

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SCIC in 2003-2004 http//cern.ch/icfa-scic

• Three 2004 Reports Presented to ICFA in
  February
• Main Report Networking for HENP H. Newman
  et al.
• Includes Brief Updates on Monitoring, the Digital
  Divide and Advanced Technologies
• A World Network Overview (with 27 Appendices)
  Status and Plans for the Next Few Years of
  National Regional Networks, and Optical Network
  Initiatives
• Monitoring Working Group Report L.
  Cottrell
• Digital Divide in Russia V. Ilyin
  August 2004 Update Reports at the SCIC Web Site
• See http//icfa-scic.web.cern.ch/ICFA-SCIC/docum
  ents.htm
• Asia Pacific, Latin America, GLORIAD
  (US-Ru-Ko-China)Brazil, Korea, etc.

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SCIC in 2003-2004http//cern.ch/icfa-scic

• Strong Focus on the Digital Divide Continues
• Progress in Monitoring
• Intensive Work in the Field Presentations
  Demos at gt 60 Meetings and Workshops
• E.g., Internet2, TERENA, AMPATH, APAN, CHEP2003,
  SC2003, Trieste, Telecom World 2003, SC2003,
  WSIS/RSIS, GLORIAD Launch, Digital Divide and
  HEPGrid Workshop (Feb. 16-20 in Rio), GNEW2004,
  GridNets2004, NASA ONT Workshop, etc. etc.
• 3rd Intl Grid Workshop in Daegu (August 26-28,
  2004) Plan for 2nd ICFA Digital Divide and
  Grid Workshop in Daegu (May 2005)
• HENP increasingly visible to governments heads
  of state
• Through Network advances (records), Grid
  developments, Work on the Digital Divide and
  issues of Global Collaboration
• Also through the World Summit on the Information
  Society Process. Next Step is WSIS II in TUNIS
  November 2005
• A Striking Picture Continues to Emerge
  Remarkable Progress in Some Regions, and a
  Deepening Digital Divide Among Nations

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SCIC Main Conclusion for 2003Setting the Tone
for 2004

• The disparity among regions in HENP could
  increase even more sharply, as we learn to use
  advanced networks effectively, and we develop
  dynamic Grid systems in the most favored
  regions
• We must therefore take action, and work to
  Close the Digital Divide
• To make Physicists from All World Regions Full
  Partners in Their Experiments and in the
  Process of Discovery
• This is essential for the health of our global
  experimental collaborations, our plans for future
  projects, and our field.

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ICFA Report Networks for HENPGeneral
Conclusions (2)

• Reliable high End-to-end Performance of networked
  applications such as large file transfers and
  Data Grids is required. Achieving this requires
• End-to-end monitoring extending to all regions
  serving our community. A coherent approach to
  monitoring that allows physicists throughout our
  community to extract clear, unambiguous and
  inclusive information is a prerequisite for
  this.
• Upgrading campus infrastructures. These are
  still not designed to support Gbps data transfers
  in most of HEP centers. One reason for the
  under-utilization of National and International
  backbones, is the lack of bandwidth to groups of
  end-users inside the campus.
• Removing local, last mile, and natl and intl
  bottlenecks end-to-end, whether technical or
  political in origin.While National and
  International backbones have reached 2.5 to 10
  Gbps speeds in many countries, the bandwidths
  across borders, the countrysideor the city may
  be much less. This problem is very widespread in
  our community, with examples stretching from
  China to South America to the Northeastern U.S.
  Root causes for this vary, from lack of local
  infrastructure to unfavorable pricing policies.

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ICFA Report (2/2004) Update Main Trends
Continue, Some Accelerate

• Current generation of 2.5-10 Gbps network
  backbones and major Intl links arrived in the
  last 2-3 Years USEuropeJapan Now Korea and
  China
• Capability 4 to Hundreds of Times Much Faster
  than Moores Law
• Proliferation of 10G links across the Atlantic
  Now Will Begin use of Multiple 10G Links (e.g.
  US-CERN) Along Major Paths by Fall 2005
• Direct result of Falling Network Prices 0.5
  1M Per Year for 10G
• Ability to fully use long 10G paths with TCP
  continues to advance 7.5 Gbps X 16kkm (August
  2004)
• Technological progress driving equipment costs in
  end-systems lower
• Commoditization of Gbit Ethernet (GbE)
  complete (20-50 per port) 10 GbE
  commoditization (e.g. lt 2K per NIC with TOE)
  underway
• Grid-based Analysis demands end-to-end high
  performance management
• Some regions (US, Europe) moving to owned or
  leased dark fiber
• Emergence of the Hybrid Network Model
  GNEW2004 UltraLight, GLIF
• The rapid rate of progress is confined mostly to
  the US, Europe, Japan and Korea, as well as the
  major Transatlantic routes this threatens to
  cause the Digital Divide to become a Chasm

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We are Following the HENP Bandwidth Roadmap for
Major Links (in Gbps)
Continuing Trend 1000 Times Bandwidth Growth
Per DecadeKeeping Pace with Network BW Usage
(ESNet, SURFNet etc.)
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Evolving Quantitative Science Requirements for
Networks (DOE High Perf. Network Workshop)
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Internet 2 Land Speed Record (LSR)

• Entries judged on product oftransfer speed and
  distance end-to-end, using standard Internet
  (TCP/IP) protocols.
• IPv6 record 4.0 Gbps between Geneva and Phoenix
  (SC2003)
• IPv4 Multi-stream record with Windows 6.62 Gbps
  between Caltech and CERN (16 kkm Grand Tour
  dAbilene) June 2004
• We have exceeded 100 Petabit-m/sec with both
  Linux Windows
• Single Stream 7.5 Gbps X 16 kkm with Linux
  Achieved in July
• Concentrate now on reliable Terabyte-scale file
  transfers
• Note System Issues CPU, PCI-XBus, NIC, I/O
  Controllers, Drivers

LSR History IPv4 single stream
Petabitmeter (1015 bitmeter)
Monitoring of the Abilene traffic in LA
June 2004 Record Network
http//www.guinnessworldrecords.com/
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National Lambda Rail (NLR)
Transition beginning now to optical,
multi-wavelength Community owned or leased dark
fiber networks for RE

• NLR
• Coming Up Now
• Initially 4 10G Wavelengths
• Northern Route Operation by 4Q04
• Internet2 HOPI Initiative (w/HEP)
• To 40 10G Waves in Future

• nl, de, pl, cz,jp
• 18 US States

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JGN2 Japan Gigabit Network (4/04 3/08)20 Gbps
Backbone, 6 Optical Cross-Connects
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ICFA/SCIC Network Monitoring

• Prepared by Les Cottrell, SLAC, for
• ICFA
• www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/scs/net/talk03/icfa-aug0
  4.ppt

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Coverage

• Now monitoring 650 sites in 115 countries
• In last 9 months added
• Several sites in Russia (thanks GLORIAD)
• Many hosts in Africa (5 ? 36 now in 27 out of 54
  countries)
• Monitoring sites in Pakistan and Brazil (Sao
  Paolo and Rio)
• Working to install monitoring host in Bangalore,
  India

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PingER World View from SLAC
C. Asia, Russia, SE Europe, L. America, M. East,
China 4-5 yrs behind India, Africa 7 yrs
behind
S.E. Europe, Russia Catching up Latin Am., Mid
East, China Keeping up India, Africa Falling
Behind
Important for policy makers
View from CERNConfirms This View
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Achieving throughput

• User cant achieve throughput available (Wizard
  gap)
• TCP Stack, End-System and/or Local, Regional,
  Natl Network Issues
• Big step just to know what is achievable(e.g.
  7.5 Gbps over 16 kkm Caltech-CERN)

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Collaborations/funding

• Good news
• Active collaboration with NIIT Pakistan to
  develop network monitoring including PingER
• Travel funded by US State department for 1 year
• FNAL SLAC continue support for PingER
  management and coordination
• Bad news
• DoE funding for PingER terminated
• Proposal to EC 6th framework with ICTP, ICT
  Cambridge UK, CONAE Argentina, Usikov Inst
  Ukraine, STAC Vietnam VUB Belgium rejected
• Proposal to IDRC/Canada February, no word
• Hard to get funding for operational needs
• For quality data need constant vigilance (host
  disappears, security blocks pings, need to update
  remote host lists )

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Asia Pacific Academic Network Connectivity
APAN Status July 2004
Connectivity to US from JP, KO, AU is Advancing
Rapidly.Progress in the Region, and to Europe
is Much Slower
Better North/South Linkages within Asia JP-SG
link 155Mbps in 2005 is proposed to NSF by
CIREN JP- TH link 2Mbps ? 45Mbps in 2004 is
being studied. CIREN is studying an extension to
India
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Trans-Eurasia Information NetworkTEIN (2004-2007)

• Circuit between KOREN(Korea) and RENATER(France).
  
• AP Beneficiaries China, Indonesia, Malaysia,
  Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
• (Non-beneficiaries Brunei, Japan, Korea,
  Singapore
• EU partners NRENs of France, Netherlands, UK
• The scope expanded to South-East Asia and China
  recently.
• Upgraded to 34 Mbps in 11/2003. Upgrade to
  155Mbps planned

• 12M Euro EU Funds
• Coordinating Partner DANTE
• Direct EU-AP Link Other Links go Across the US

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APAN Recommendations(at July 2004 Meeting in
CAIRNS, Au)

• New issues demand attention
• Application measurement, particularly end-to-end
  network performance measurement is increasingly
  critical (deterministic networking)
• Security must now be a consideration for every
  application and every network.
• Central Issues for APAN this decade
• Stronger linkages between applications and
  infrastructure - neither can exist independently
• Stronger application and infrastructure linkages
  among APAN members.
• Continuing focus on APAN as an organization that
  represents infrastructure interests in Asia
• Closer connection between APAN the infrastructure
  applications organization and regional
  political organizations (e.g. APEC, ASEAN)

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Internet in China (J.P.Wu APAN July 2004)

• Internet users in China from 6.8 Million to 78
  Million within 6 months
• IP Addresses 32M(1A233B146C)
• Backbone2.5-10G DWDMRouter
• International links20G
• Exchange Pointsgt 30G(BJ,SH,GZ)
• Last Miles
• Ethernet,WLAN,ADSL,CTV,CDMA,ISDN,GPRS,Dial-up
• Need IPv6

 
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APAN China Consortium

• Has been established in 1999.  The China
  Education and Research Network (CERNET), the
  Natural Science Foundation of China Network
  (NSFCNET) and the China Science and Technology
  Network (CSTNET) are the main three advanced
  networks.

CERNet
NSFCnet
2.5 Gbps
Tsinghua --- Tsinghua University PKU --- Peking
University NSFC --- Natural Science Foundation of
China CAS --- China Academy of Sciences BUPT ---
Beijing Univ. of Posts and Telecom. BUAA ---
Beijing Univ. of Aero- and Astronautics
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China CERNET Update

• 1995, 64K Nation wide backbone connecting 8
  cities, 100 Universities
• 1998, 2M Nation wide backbone connecting 20
  cities, 300 Universities
• 2000, Own dark fiber crossing 30 major cities
  and 30,000 kilometers
• 2001, CERNET DWDM/SDH network finished
• 2001, 2.5G/155M Backbone connecting 36 cities,
  800 universities
• 2003,1300 universities and institutes, over 15
  million users

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CERNET2 and Key Technologies

• CERNET 2 Next Generation Education and Research
  Network in China
• CERNET 2 Backbone connecting 15-20 GigaPOPs at
  2.5G-10Gbps (I2-like Model)
• Connecting 200 Universities and 100 Research
  Institutes at 1Gbps-10Gbps
• Native IPv6 and Lambda Networking
• Support/Deployment of the following technologies
• E2E performance monitoring
• Middleware and Advanced Applications
• Multicast

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APAN-KR KREONET/KREONet2 II
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GLORIAD Global Optical Ring (US-Ru-Cn Korea
Now Full Partner )

DOE ITER Distributed Ops.Fusion-HEP
Cooperation NSF Collaboration of ThreeMajor RE
Communities

• Aug. 8 2004 P.K. Young, Korean IST Advisor to
  President Announces
• Korea Joining GLORIAD
• TEIN gradually to 10G, connected to GLORIAD
• Asia Pacific Info. Infra- Structure (1G) will
  be backup net to GLORIAD

Also Important for Intra-Russia
ConnectivityEducation and Outreach
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Global Ring Network for Advanced Applications
Development

• Outgrowth of 6-year US-Russia NaukaNet program
• OC3 circuits Moscow-Chicago-Beijing since January
  2004
• OC3 circuit Moscow-Beijing July 2004 (completes
  the ring) IP traffic August
• Korea (KISTI) joining US, Russia, China as full
  partner in GLORIAD
• Plans developing for Central Asian extension
  (w/Kyrgyz Government)
• Rapid traffic growth with heaviest US use from
  DOE (FermiLab), NASA, NOAA, NIH and Universities
  (UMD, IU, UCB, UNC, UMN, PSU, Harvard, Stanford,
  Wash., Oregon, 250 others)

gt 5TBytes now transferred monthly via GLORIAD to
US, Russia, China
GLORIAD 5-year Proposal Pending (with US NSF) for
expansion 2.5G Moscow-Amsterdam-Chicago-Seattle-
Hong Kong-Pusan-Beijing circuits early 2005 10G
ring around northern hemisphere 2007 multiple
wavelength service 2009 providing hybrid
circuit-switched (primarily Ethernet) and routed
services
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Research Networking in Latin America August 2004

• The only Countries with research network
  connectivity now in Latin America
• Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela
• AmPath Provided connectivity for some South
  American countries Three Year Global Crossing
  Donation New CLARA
• Regional Network Connecting 19 Countries

Argentina Dominican Republic Panama
Brasil Ecuador
ParaguayBolivia El Salvador
PeruChile Guatemala
UruguayColombia Honduras
VenezuelaCosta Rica Mexico
NicaraguaCuba

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Latin America CLARA Network (2004-2006 EU
Project)

• Significant contribution from European Comission
  and Dante through ALICE project
• NRENs in 18 LA countries forming a regional
  network for collaboration traffic
• Initial backbone ring bandwidth f 155 Mbps
• Spur links at 10 to 45 Mbps (Cuba at 4 Mbps by
  satellite)
• Initial connection to Europe at 622 Mbps from
  Brazil
• Tijuana (Mexico) PoP soon to be connected to US
  through dark fibre link (CUDI-CENIC)
• access to US, Canada and Asia - Pacific Rim

33
NSF IRNC 2004 Two Proposals to Connect CLARA to
the US (and Europe)
1st Proposal FIU and CENIC
2nd Proposal Indiana and Internet2
Note CHEPREO (FIU, UF, FSU Caltech, UERJ, USP,
RNP) 622 Mbps Sao Paolo Miami Link Started in
August
34
GIGA Project Experimental Gbps Network Sites in
Rio and Sao Paolo
UniversitiesIMEPUC-RioUERJUFFUFRJUnespUnica
mpUSPRD CentresCBPF - physicsCPqD -
telecomCPTEC - meteorologyCTA -
aerospaceFiocruz - healthIMPA -
mathematicsINPE - space sciencesLNCC -
HPCLNLS - physics
About 600 km extension - not to scale
LNCC
CTAINPE
CPqDLNLSUnicamp
CPTEC
UFF
CBPFLNCCFiocruzIMEIMPA-RNPPUC-Rio
telcosUERJUFRJ
FapesptelcosUnespUSP IncorUSP - C.Univ.
Slide from M. Stanton
35
Extension of the GIGA Project Using 3000 km of
dark fiber. A good and real Advancement for
Science in Brazil A. Santoro.
GIGA Project in Rio and Sao Paolo
This is wonderful NEWS! our colleagues from
Salvador -Bahia will can start to work with us on
CMS.
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HEPGRID (CMS) in Brazil

• HEPGRID-CMS/BRAZIL is a project to build a Grid
  that
• At Regional Level will include CBPF,UFRJ,UFRGS,UFB
  A, UERJ UNESP
• At International Level will be integrated with
  CMS Grid based at CERN focal points include
  iVGDL/Grid3 and bilateral projects with Caltech
  Group

Brazilian HEPGRID
On line systems
T0 T1
2.5 - 10 Gbps
CERN
T1
UNESP/USP SPRACE-Working
T2 ?T1
UERJ Regional Tier2 Ctr
Gigabit
T3 ?T2
UFRGS
CBPF
UERJ T2?T1,100?500 Nodes Plus T2s to 100
Nodes
UERJ
UFRJ
UFBA
Individual Machines
T4
37
Latin America Science Areas Interested in
Improving Connectivity ( by Country)
Networks and Grids The Potential to Spark a New
Era of Science in the Region
38
AFRICA Key Trends
M. Jensen and P. Hamilton Infrastructure Report,
March 2004

• Growth in traffic and lack of infrastructure
  ?Predominance of SatelliteBut these satellites
  are heavily subscribed
• Slow roll out of downstream bandwidth limiting
  markets No regional fiber in East, Central or
  Interior regions.
• 52M Mobile phone subscribers by end 2003 gt 2X
  fixed line phone customers
• Intl Traffic Only 1 of traffic on links is
  for Internet connectionsMost Internet traffic
  (for 80 of countries) via satellite
• Flourishing Grey market for Internet VOIP
  traffic using VSAT dishes
• Many Regional fiber projects in planning phase
  (some languished in the past) Only links from
  South Africa to Nimibia, Botswana done so far
• Intl fiber Project SAT-3/WASC/SAFE Cable from
  South Africa to PortugalAlong West Coast of
  Africa
• Supplied by Alcatel to Worldwide Consortium of 35
  Carriers
• 40 Gbps by Mid-2003 Heavily Subscribed. Ultimate
  Capacity 120 Gbps
• Extension to Interior Mostly by Satellite lt 1
  Mbps to 100 Mbps typical

Note World Conference on Physics and Sustainable
Development, 10/31 11/2/05 in Durban South
Africa Part of World Year of Physics 2005.
Sponsors UNESCO, ICTP, IUPAP, APS, SAIP
39
AFRICA Nectar Net Initiative

• Growing Need to connect academic researchers,
  medicalresearchers practitioners to many sites
  in Africa
• Examples
• CDC NIH Global AIDS Project, Dept. of
  Parasitic Diseases,Natl Library of Medicine
  (Ghana, Nigeria)
• Gates 50M HIV/AIDS Center in Botswana Project
  Coord at Harvard
• Africa Monsoon AMMA Project, Dakar Site cf. East
  US Hurricanes
• US Geological Survey Global Spatial Data
  Infrastructure
• Distance Learning Emory-Ibadan (Nigeria)
  Research Channel Content
• But Africa is Hard 11M Sq. Miles, 600 M People,
  54 Countries
• Little Telecommunications Infrastructure
• Approach Use SAT-3/WASC Cable (to Portugal),
  GEANT Across Europe, Amsterdam-NY Link Across
  the Atlantic, then Peer with RE Networks such
  as Abilene in NYC
• Cable Landings in 8 West African Countries and
  South Africa
• Pragmatic approach to reach end points VSAT
  satellite, ADSL, microwave, etc.

W. MatthewsGeorgia Tech
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Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities
Bandwidth prices in Africa vary dramatically are
in general many times what they could be if
universities purchase in volume
Sample size of 26 universitiesAverage Cost for
VSAT service Quality, CIR, Rx, Tx not
distinguished
Roy Steiner Internet2 Workshop
41
HEPGRID and Digital Divide Workshop UERJ, Rio de
Janeiro, Feb. 16-20 2004
Theme Global Collaborations, Grids and Their
Relationship to the Digital Divide ICFA,
understanding the vital role of these issues for
our fields future, commissioned the Standing
Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity (SCIC)
in 1998, to survey and monitor the state of the
networks used by our field, and identify
problems. For the past three years the SCIC has
focused on understanding and seeking the means of
reducing or eliminating the Digital Divide, and
proposed to ICFA that these issues, as they
affect our field of High Energy Physics, be
brought to our community for discussion. This led
to ICFAs approval, in July 2003, of the Digital
Divide and HEP Grid Workshop.  More
Information http//www.lishep.uerj.br
NEWS Bulletin ONE TWOWELCOME BULLETIN
General InformationRegistrationTravel
Information Hotel Registration Participant List
How to Get UERJ/Hotel Computer Accounts Useful
Phone Numbers Program Contact us Secretariat
Chairmen

• Tutorials
• C
• Grid Technologies
• Grid-Enabled Analysis
• Networks
• Collaborative Systems

Sessions Tutorials Available(w/Video) on the
Web
SPONSORS
 CLAF  CNPQ FAPERJ       
UERJ
42
HEPGRID and Digital Divide Workshop UERJ, Rio
Feb. 16-20 2004 Summary
See http//www.lishep.uerj.br/WorkshopSchedule.htm
l

• Worldviews of Networks and Grid Projects and the
  Relationship to the Digital Divide Newman,
  Santoro, Gagliardi, Avery, Cottrell
• View from Major Experiments and Labs (D0, ATLAS,
  CMS, LHCb, ALICE Fermilab) Blazey, Jones, Foa,
  Nakada, Carminati
• Progress in Acad. Research Networks in Europe,
  Asia Pacific, Latin America Williams, Tapus,
  Karita, Son, Ibarra
• Major Network Initatives I2, GLIF, NLR, Aarnet,
  CLARA Preston, de Laat, Silvester, McLaughlin,
  Stanton, Olson
• View from/for Developing Countries Willers,
  Ali, Davalos, De Paula, Canessa, Sciutto,
  Alvarez
• Grids and Digital Divide in Russia Ilyin,
  Soldatov
• Other Fields ITER (Fusion), MammoGrid
  Velikhov, Amendolia
• Round Tables Network Readiness, Digital Divide
  in Latin America
• Special Talks on HEP in Brazil Lederman, and
  Review of the CERN Role of Science in the
  Information Society Event Hoffmann
• Participation of Latin American NRENs, and Govt
  Officials
• 152 Participants, 18 Countries BR 107, US 18, CH
  8, AG 3, FR 3,

43
Findings and Recommendations D.O. Williams (at
LISHEP2004) on the Digital Divide in Europe

• The Digital Divide
  Exists
• The depth of the digital divide varies very
  greatly from country to country
• There are four countries in Eastern Europe with a
  high overall standard of research networking.
  Reasons include
• Good support for research networking at govtal
  level
• Access to dark fibre where/when necessary
• History of participation in joint European
  projects
• The majority of countries fall very far behind
  those in western Europe
• The consequences of this digital divide are
  serious
• Those countries without an adequate research
  network will suffer from research exclusion

44
Findings and Recommendations on the Digital
Divide in Europe (Williams)

• Access to Dark Fibre is Vital
• Access to dark fibre enables the NRENs in small
  eastern European countries to upgrade the
  capacity of the backbone and access links one
  hundred-fold without spending much more on the
  infrastructure
• At the present moment this is the main step which
  could be taken to close the digital divide.
• In most eastern European countries the fibre is
  already laid.
• In countries with a liberalized telecommunication
  market it is not difficult to get the fibre.
• There are encouraging examples that this was also
  done in the countries with monopoly in
  telecommunications
• Could the EC make recommendations in this respect
  ?

45
Some Personal Comments on the Digital
Divide(D.O. Williams, LISHEP2004)

• I think that the digital divide issue is actually
  very important for the future stability of the
  world
• I think that it will be very difficult to fix
• Some of it is finding the right technologies for
  different areas
• But a lot is about the structure of society
• Reliable electrical power
• Government transparency
• Support for education and scientific research
• and while the developed countries can give
  advice and try to help, the real directions
  can only be determined in the developing world
• You need to understand that removing the digital
  divide is shooting at a moving target. Internet
  use has only just started and technological
  progress will move the goalposts (raise the bar)
  a lot in the next 2-3-5 years.

46
International ICFA Workshop on HEP Networking,
Grids and Digital Divide Issues for Global
e-Science

• Proposed Workshop Dates May 23-27, 2005
• Venue Daegu, Korea
• Dongchul Son
• Center for High Energy Physics
• Kyungpook National University
• ICFA, Beijing, China
• Aug. 2004

ICFA Approval Requested Today
47
International ICFA Workshop on HEP Networking,
Grids and Digital Divide Issues for Global
e-Science

• Themes
• Networking, Grids, and Their Relationship to the
  Digital Divide for HEP as Global e-Science
• Focus on Key Issues of Inter-regional
  Connectivity
• Mission Statement
• ICFA, understanding the vital role of these
  issues for our fields future, commissioned the
  Standing Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity
  (SCIC) in 1998, to survey and monitor the state
  of the networks used by our field, and identify
  problems. For the past three years the SCIC has
  focused on understanding and seeking the means of
  reducing or eliminating the Digital Divide, and
  proposed to ICFA that these issues, as they
  affect our field of High Energy Physics, be
  brought to our community for discussion. This
  workshop, the second in the series begun with the
  the 2004 Digital Divide and HEP Grid Workshop in
  Rio de Janeiro (approved by ICFA in July 2003)
  will carry forward this work while strengthening
  the involvement of scientists, technologists and
  governments in the Asia Pacific region.

48
International ICFA Workshop on HEP Networking,
Grids and Digital Divide Issues for Global
e-Science

• Workshop Goals
• Review the current status, progress and barriers
  to the effective use of the major national,
  continental and transoceanic networks used by HEP
• Review progress, strengthen opportunities for
  collaboration, and explore the means to deal with
  key issues in Grid computing and Grid-enabled
  data analysis, for high energy physics and other
  fields of data intensive science, now and in the
  future
• Exchange information and ideas, and formulate
  plans to develop solutions to specific problems
  related to the Digital Divide in various
  regions, with a focus on Asia Pacific, Latin
  America, Russia and Africa
• Continue to advance a broad program of work on
  reducing or eliminating the Digital Divide, and
  ensuring global collaboration, as related to all
  of the above aspects.

49
Sketch of an Agenda

• Status of HEP Grids (One day)
• LHC(CMS, ATLAS, ALICE, LHCb), CDF/D0,
  Belle/BaBar, PHENIX, etc.
• International Projects iVDGL, GriPhyN, PPDG,
  EDG, EGEE, etc.
• Digital Divide Perspectives from Major
  experiments (One day)
• LHC/Tevatron Exps/B-Factories/RHIC
• Other areas such as ITER, Weather, Earthquake,
  Bioinformatics, etc.
• Network perspectives from each region (One-half
  to One Day)
• National (or regional) representatives from Asia
  Pacific and also key countries (e.g. Brazil) from
  other regions Korea, Japan, China, Australia,
  other parts in AP / Russia / Brazil, Mexico,
  other parts in Latin America / South Africa and
  other parts in Africa / Europe / N.America etc.
• Grid Enabled Analysis for LHC (One-half to One
  Day)
• Status of GEA and some perspectives of Grids
• Applications of Data Grids and Implications for
  Future society (Half Day, on the last day)
• Ubiquitous Computing (special topic)
• Discussion Panels (1 hour 2nd and 3rd Days 2
  hours on last day)
• All Sessions Tutorials Carried Live Via VRVS
  Also Playback

50
Schedule Outline Logistics

• Some Dates
• Workshop May 23-27, 2005
• LOC/International Advisory Committee September,
  2004
• Fixing the agenda September 25, 2004 (8 months
  ahead)
• Sending out letters of invitation November 20,
  2004 (6 months ahead)
• Logistics
• Number of people expected 250 (130 from Korea
  120 from abroad) not counting many graduate
  students from Korea
• Number of invited speakers, panelists 60
  (Includes 10 from Korea)
• Venue Kyungpook National University or Hotel
  Inter-burgo or EXCO
• Kyungpook National University is most preferred.
• Hotels Inter-burgo/Daegu Park others within
  30
• Inter-Burgo (5 Star, 207 rooms, 120) and
  Daegu Park (4 Star, 135 rooms, 100) at same
  site
• Special events, Highlights or Items of special
  note
• Tour and Sightseeing (Historic Gyeongju Area)
• Special Performance (Korean Traditional Folksongs
  and Dances)
• Banquet/Reception
• ICFA-SCIC Meeting
• Several people from Korean Governments will be
  invited
• Advanced Network communities from several regions
  will be invited to participate

51
Outcomes, Support/Sponsors, Side Meeting Option

• Expected Outcomes
• Infrastructure buildup in needy areas
• Advance Grid or Network initiatives.
• New or strengthened collaborations in Grid
  Enabled Analysis
• Support and Sponsors
• Some support to help needy students attend will
  be provided
• Sponsors
• Center for High Energy Physics/KOSEF
• Kyungpook National University
• Ministry of Science and Technology
• Korea Information and Strategy Development
  Institute (KISDI)
• Korea Institute of Science and Technology
  Information (KISTI)
• National Computerization Agency (NCA), Advanced
  Network Forum (ANF), etc.
• Options
• Meetings of Advanced Network Forum or Grid
  Forum-Korea would run side by side as parallel
  sessions (to be discussed with the ANF, Grid
  Forum-Korea)
• In this case, we would need the EXCO for the
  venue and there will be tutorials but otherwise
  there is no plan for tutorials