TUBITAK MRC Energy Institute Biomass/Coal Gasification and Combustion Activities and Future Projects BIGPOWER (May 2005

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TUBITAK MRC Energy Institute Biomass/Coal
Gasification and Combustion Activities and
Future Projects BIGPOWER (May 2005 May 2008)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayati Olgun9th April
2008hayati.olgun_at_mam.gov.tr
BIOGASTECH WORKSHOP 9th -11th April 2008,
Gebze, Kocaeli, BIGPOWER SSA Project
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TUBITAK MRC EI Biomass/Coal Gasification and
Combustion Group

• Presentation Outline
• Biomass and Coal Resources of Turkey
• Biomass energy Activities in MRC
• Future Cooperation Possibilities

May 2006
May 2007
Gasification/Combustion laboratory
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Energy Demand and Supply in Turkey
Renewable Energy Potential in Turkey
By Erdal CALIKOGLU, EFFICIENCY General
Directorate of Electrical Power Resources, Survey
and Development Administration
Source TUSIAD, 1998 (Gunerhan, Kocar,
Hepbasli, 2000)
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Biomass Energy

• Main biomass potentials
• Crop residues
• Forest residues
• Agro-industrial residues
• Animal waste
• Municipal solid waste

• Biomass can be defined as any organic material
  that is available on a renewable basis.
• Biomass energy technology is the means of
  converting the energy stored in biomass and make
  it in useful forms

• According to National Programs of Turkey, several
  energy related topics will be studied. The
  following topics are more promising for
  Biomass/coal energy related areas from Vision
  2023
• Renewable Energy Technologies
• Clean and Efficient Combustion and Gasification
  Technologies
• Energy Saving and Efficiency
• Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

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Biomass Energy

• Biomass Energy Utilizing in Turkey
• Biomass energy can be converted to different
  types of final energy (power, heat and producer
  gas),
• Wood-related industries and home owners consume
  the most biomass energy,
• Lumber, pulp and paper industries burn their own
  wood wastes in large furnaces and boilers to
  supply 60 percent of the energy needed to run
  factories.
• In homes, wood is burned in stoves and fire
  places to cook meals and warm the residences.
• Wood is the primary heating fuel in 6.5 million
  homes in Turkey.
• Agricultural and municipal solid wastes, as
  energy sources are available economically in
  Turkey.

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Biomass Energy Potentials of Turkey

• Renewables are the second-largest domestic energy
  source after coal,
• 60 of RES is supplied by biomass/animal waste,
  33 is supplied by HES,
• The annual biomass potential of Turkey is
  approximately 32 mtoe,
• The total recoverable bio-energy potentials
  estimated to be about 16.92 mtoe

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Agricultural Waste Potential of Turkey
Ref. N. Saracoglu, Zero Emission Power Generation
Workshop, 2007
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Forest Potential of Turkey

• Forest production
• Turkish forest area occupies about 27.1 (21.2
  million hectares) of entire land area. 50 is
  productive. Productive high forests cover about
  42,2 of total forest area and 11,4 of total
  land area.

Ref. N. Saracoglu, Zero Emission Power Generation
Workshop, 2007
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Biogas energy potential of Turkey
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Coal Resources of Turkey
Hard coal reserves 1.2 x109 tons Lignite
reserves 8.1 x109 tons
Ref Atakul, H., An Overview of Energy
Resources Of Turkey, Seminar I, Gasification and
Gas Cleaning Technologies, 18-20th January 2006
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Coal Resources of Turkey
Hard Coal
Locations Zonguldak (North-west Black Sea
region) Reserves 1. 2x109 tons Calorific value
6200-7250 kcal/kg
Lignite

Ref Atakul, H., An Overview of Energy
Resources Of Turkey, Seminar I, Gasification and
Gas Cleaning Technologies, 18-20th January 2006
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Biomass Energy Conversion Methods
Biological
Physical
Thermal Processes
A/D
Pretreatment
No Air
Hydrolysis (Heat Pressure)
Partial air
Excess air
Fermentation
Gasification
Combustion
Pyrolysis
Liquids
CH4
Ethanol
This process produces gaseous and liquid fuels
like biogas, ethanol and methanol. The process
includes anaerobic digestion and alcohol group
production.
Heat Ash
Fuel Gases Ash
Liquids Gas Char
Core Activities of Combustion and Gasification
Group
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Main Biomass Energy Activities in MRC - EI
Storage hopper
Feed Hopper
Pellet Briquette
Initial Sizing
Drying
Gas Cleaning (particle)
Gas Cleaning (Tar)
Secondary conversion
Gasifier
power
heat
heat
Secondary conversion
fuels
Combustor
power
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On-Going Biomass/Coal Gasification and Combustion
Projects

• Gasification of Coal and Biomass Mixtures and
  Gas Cleaning, NPO, June 2005 - December 2008
• Development of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB)
  Technology and Investigation of Biomass/ Lignite
  Coal Combustion, September 2007 September 2010
• Improvement of the ST research capacity of
  TUBITAK-MRC IE in the fields of Integrated
  Biomass Gasification with Power Technologies
  (BIGPOWER), 6. Frame SSA Project, May 2005 -May
  2008

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Gasification of Coal and Biomass Mixtures and Gas
Cleaning
Project Title Gasification of Coal and Biomass
Mixtures and Gas Cleaning Project Duration 4
Years (January 2005-December 2008) Partners No
Supporting bodies State Planning Organization
Innovative Aspects Multi fuel (biomass/coal)
bubbling fluidized bed Gasifier and gas cleaning
systems for CHP applications Existing/Planned
Systems 100 kWe fluidized bed Gasifier
Industrial Application Options Up to 5MWe
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Gasification of Coal and Biomass Mixtures and Gas
Cleaning

• Laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed Gasifier
• Feeding capacity 5 kg/h
• Thermal capacity 40 kW
• The main objective is
• To investigate the gasification and gas cleaning
  technologies for selected Turkish biomass and
  lignite feed stocks,
• To develop fuel preparation techniques (drying,
  briquetting and feeding at low energy cost,
• To develop Gasifiers for selected biomass and
  lignite fuels,
• To design and produce suitable gas cleaning
  systems,
• To increase the system efficiency with improved
  heat integration
• To integrate these systems with power systems

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Development of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB)
Technology and Investigation of Biomass/ Lignite
Coal Combustion
Project Title Development of Circulating
Fluidized Bed (CFB) Technology and Investigation
of Biomass/ Lignite Coal Combustion Project
Duration 3 Years (September 2008- September
2011) Partners METU,TUBITAK,GAMA Supporting
bodies TUBITAK Taral 1007 Innovative Aspects
Multi fuel (biomass/coal) design circulating
fluidized bed combustion and gas cleaning systems
for CHP applications Existing/Planned
Systems 750 kWt CFB combustion Industrial
Application Options Up to 15MWe
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Development of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB)
Technology and Investigation of Biomass/ Lignite
Coal Combustion
Laboratory scale fluidized bed combustion (CFB)
Feeding capacity 5 kg/h CFBC is the combustion
process which the solid organic fuels (coal,
biomass) combusted more efficiently and with less
emission levels with respect to conventional
technologies. The combustion behavior of Turkish
coals and biomass will be investigated to produce
design data for pilot scale systems. The
emissions from the CFB combustion system will be
measured and the reactivity of various limestone
to be used to reduce SO2 emissions and the
optimum Ca/S ratios will be determined.
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Improvement of the ST research capacity of
TUBITAK-MRC IE in the fields of Integrated
Biomass Gasification with Power Technologies

• Project Title Improvement of the ST research
  capacity of TUBITAK-MRC IE in the fields
  of Integrated Biomass Gasification with Power
  Technologies (BIGPOWER
• Project Duration 3 Years (May 2005 May 2008)
• Partners TUBITAK
• Supporting bodies EU, 6. Frame SSA Project
• Innovative Aspects to be an excellent center on
  biomass energy conversion (mainly
  gasification/gas cleaning) technologies
• Existing/Planned Systems 50 kWe Fixed bed
  downdraft biomass gasifier
• Industrial Application Options Up to 1MWe

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Improvement of the ST research capacity of
TUBITAK-MRC IE in the fields of Integrated
Biomass Gasification with Power Technologies

• The main objective of this project is to improve
  MRCs research capacity in the area of biomass
  gasification technologies such as fixed and
  fluidized bed gasification, gas cleaning,
  hydrogen-rich gas production and power generation
  and to make MRC an excellence center in this
  field. The Center has established the following
  specific objectives
• To increase job opportunities for young
  researchers in Turkey (WP 2).
• To improve further the existing gasification
  laboratory infrastructure by upgrading and
  renewal of the available ST equipment (WP 3).
• To organise international seminars and workshops
  in Turkey by participations of scientists and
  researchers, experts from Turkey, EU Member
  States and ACC (WP 4).
• To participate to international symposium,
  conferences and meeting, aiming at establishing
  contacts and cooperation between scientists and
  institutions (WP 5).
• To invite experts to CENTER and/or organise
  short stays for young engineers and graduate
  students to the well developed laboratories in EU
  countries (WP 6).
• To arrange technical visits to biomass
  gasification and energy-related laboratories (WP
  7).
• To disseminate results of our studies via
  seminars and training courses (WP 8) .
• To establish and improve networks with
  international community for the future European
  projects (WP 9).

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Project Workpackages
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To increase job opportunities for young
researchers in Turkey (WP 2)

• Dr. Mustafa Tiris
• Dr. Fehmi Akgün
• Celal Ergin

Researchers from the Center and graduate students
from universities were participated in the
project activities. These graduate students were
selected in accordance with the scope of this
BIGPOWER project. Employment opportunities for
young scientists in the country were increased
and the students expertise and qualifications
were improved.

• Dr. Hayati Olgun (Mechanical Eng)
• Prof. Dr. Sibel Özdogan(Chemical Eng.)
• Prof. Dr. Hüsnü Atakul (Chemical Eng.)
• Azmi Yazar (Phsics Eng)
• Namik Ünlü (Mechanical Eng)

• Elif Çaglayan (Chemical Eng.)
• Berrin Bay (Chemical Eng.)
• Yeliz Durak (Chemical Eng.)
• Güzide Yinesör (Mechanical Eng)
• Ufuk Kayahan (Mechanical Eng)
• Serhat Gül (Mechanical Eng)
• Hakan Karatas (Mechanical Eng)
• Alper Ünlü (Mechanical Eng)

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To improve further the existing gasification
laboratory infrastructure by upgrading and
renewal of the available ST equipment (WP 3)
Pilot Scale fixed bed Gasifier Project Duration
3 Years (May 2005-May 2008) Partners No
Supporting bodies 6. Frame SSA project
Innovative Aspects Multi fuel design fixed bed
biomass gasifier and gas cleaning systems for CHP
applications Existing/Planned Systems 50 kWe
fixed biomass Gasifier (10-50kg/hr) Industrial
Application Options Up to 1MWe Gasifier
Turndown ratio is 51 Production capacity
25-120 Nm3/hr producer gas with a gross calorific
value around between 5,200-5,700 kJ/m3 at ambient
temperature and pressure. Aim of the project
is To integrate these systems with power
systems, such as internal combustion engine,
micro gas turbine and fuel cells.
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To improve further the existing gasification
laboratory infrastructure by upgrading and
renewal of the available ST equipment (WP 3)

• Laboratory scale fixed bed Gasifier
• Feeding capacity 10 kg/h
• Thermal capacity 40 kW
• The main objective
• to investigate different type of biomass at
  various operating conditions to obtain higher
  heating value of gasses at lower tar content.
• to develop efficient gas cleaning for power
  application

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To improve further the existing gasification
laboratory infrastructure by upgrading and
renewal of the available ST equipment (WP 3)
Fuel Analyzing
Fuel Preparation
Gas and Tar Analyzing
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To organise international seminars and workshops
in Turkey by participations of scientists and
researchers, from Turkey, EU Member States (WP 4)

• The objective of this project is exchange of
  scientific information as well as the results of
  research, facilitating communication between
  centres having similar scientific interests).

Speakers of Seminar II
Speakers of Seminar I
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To organise international seminars and workshops
in Turkey by participations of scientists and
researchers, experts from Turkey, EU Member
States (WP 4)
Speakers of Kick off Meeting
Speakers of Workshop I
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To participate to international symposium,
conferences and meeting, aiming at establishing
contacts and cooperation between scientists and
institutions (WP 5)

• Center staffs and graduate researchers were
  participated to several international and
  national conference during the project period to
  establish of network between researchers and
  obtain relevant scientific information. The
  meetings/conferences ensured the Centers
  researchers are up-to-date on recent developments
  in related topics and offered excellent
  opportunities to share new knowledge and exchange
  ideas with participants.
• 14th European Conference on Biomass for Energy,
  Paris, France, 17-21 October 2005
• Bioenergy 2005, Trondhaim, Norway, 25-27 October
  2005
• 7th European Gasification Conference, Barcelona,
  Spain, 25-27 April 2006
• Success and Visions for Bioenergy Conference,
  Salzburg, Austria, 21 25 March 2007
• 15th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition,
  Berlin, Germany 7-11 May 2007
• Clean Coal Technologies, 14-17 May 2007, Italy
• The Enlargement Integration Workshop, "Methods
  for Alternative Fuel Production from Biomass and
  Waste", I7 and I9 October 2007, Sofia, Bulgaria
• Central  European Biomass Conference 2008, 16 -
  19 January 2008Messe Center  Graz, Austria,
• BIOSYNERGY Enlargement and Integration Workshop,
  Advanced Bio refinery Concepts a Feasibility
  and Reality Check, 17-18 April 2008, Joint
  Research Centre Institute for Energy,
  Westerduinweg 3, 1755 ZG, Petten, The Netherlands
• HSE in biomass gasification workshop on 23rd
  April in Vienna, Austria

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To invite experts to Center and/or organize short
stays for young engineers and graduate students
to the well developed laboratories in EU
countries (WP 6)

• The main purpose of these training courses is to
  improve skills of the Center staff on
  gasification topics. Center staffs will trained
  by experts in the selected topic areas, based on
  both theory and practical experiences. Young
  researchers from the Center (under age 30) will
  also be sent to qualified biomass energy
  laboratories in the EU for up to 1 month. This
  program will increase the qualifications and
  potential of the researchers on biomass energy
  technologies at the Center.

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To arrange technical visits to biomass
gasification and energy-related laboratories (WP
7)

• Researchers from the Center are visiting biomass
  energy/gasification laboratories and also demo
  sites at universities and other organizations in
  MSs and/or ACCs.
• Collection of information about selected
  laboratory systems and associated operating
  practices,
• Expansion of the future research scope of the
  Center
• Promoting the cooperative research on biomass
  energy technologies with these international
  laboratories.

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To disseminate results of our studies via
seminars and training courses (WP 8)

• BIGPOWER project activities has been published in
  Thermal NET magazine (December 2006, Issue, 03).
• Several local seminars have been organized during
  the project period.

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To establish and improve networks with
international community for the future European
projects (WP 9)

• The main objectives of this Work Package are
• To increase participation of CENTER in EU
  research programmes by strengthening existing
  relationships,
• To build a research network with partner centers
  from Turkey, the EU and ACCs with the aim of
  integration with EU research networks, and
• To acquire new experience to increase the scope
  of Center in the areas of biomass energy
  conversion, Polygeneration and fuel cell.

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Improvement of the Research Capacity of TUBITAK
MAM EE Towards Biomass and Coal Conversion
Technologies to Second Generation Fuels

• Improvement of the Research Capacity of TUBITAK
  MAM EETowards Biomass and Coal Conversion
  Technologies to Second Generation Fuels
  (BIOCOFUEL FP-REGPOT-2008-1)
• The strategic objective of the proposed project
  is to improve the research capacity of TUBITAK
  Marmara Research Center (MAM) Energy Institute
  (EE) towards biomass and coal conversion
  technologies to second generation fuels.
• The Center needs to combine and to extend the
  know-how infrastructures of the BIGPOWER SSA
  Project (FP6 016392) and HYPROSTORE SSA Project
  (FP6 016362) SSA projects.
• The approach for accomplishing the project
  objective is multi-faceted. The approach
  includes
• Exchange of know-how and experience through
  technical visits and short stays
• Recruitment of incoming experienced researchers
• Upgrading and renewal of related laboratory
  equipment
• Organization of workshops and trainings
• Participation in national/international
  conferences
• Dissemination and promotional activities.
• Participating to FP 7 Projects

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Improvement of the Research Capacity of TUBITAK
MAM EE Towards Biomass and Coal Conversion
Technologies to Second Generation Fuels
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Activity Participants
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Possible Cooperation Areas

• Possible cooperation area for
• on - going gasification projects
• Fuel characterization and preparation
• Cold/hot gas cleaning for CHP application
• Catalytic tar cracking,
• Optimization / modeling / Integration
• ..

• Possible Cooperation area for future
  applications
• Biomass to liquid fuels
• Biomass to Hydrogen
• Bio ethanol production from bark/residues
• Biomass and waste pyrolysis
• F-T liquids from coal
• IGCC concepts
• Fuel cell applications

• Possible Cooperation area for on going combustion
  projects
• Optimization / modeling
• Co-firing
• Ash characterization
• Agglomeration

• Possible cooperation activities
• To exchange of scientific information
• To exchange of researchers
• To visit biomass energy related laboratories and
  also demo sites.
• To disseminate the results
• To establish a demo pilot plant in Turkey
• .

• Possible Cooperation area for ongoing other
  projects
• Biogas production
• Bio diesel/bio ethanol production

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Speakers/Participants of Workshop II
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Thanks

• Thanks to EU commission for their support of
  BIGPOWER project under FP 6
• Thanks to all participants for their valuable
  contributions, collaborations and supporting
  during the project period,
• Thanks to the Turkish Industrial companies for
  their interest,
• Thanks to our EI and MRC Management for their
  support,
• Special thanks to David Baxter and my team for
  their hard work to organize this workshop.