Top TNPSC coaching centres in Chennai

1
Best English Notes For IAS Prelims Paper 2 -
CSATEnglish Notes By Top TNPSC coaching centre
in Chennai
Best English Notes - Noun

• A noun is the name of of a person, place, thing
  ,quality, condition and action.
• Ram lives in delhi.
• I live in hyderabad.
• Types of noun
• Proper noun
• Common noun
• Collective noun
• Material noun
• Abstract noun

2

• Proper noun
• This noun denotes the name of a proper
  person,place or thing.
• Jaipur , chandigarh (proper place)
• Garima , neha (proper person)
• Singular verb is used with proper noun.
• 2. Common noun
• This noun denotes common persons and places or
  you can say that it includes name given to person
  or things of specific class or type.
• Boy , girl (common person)
• Village , city (common place)
• Phone , book (common thing)

3

• 3. Collective noun
• This noun denotes collection of people or
  collection of things.
• Jury , team , committee etc.
• We use singular verb with collective noun.
• But if we consider collective noun in terms of
  members or the members of collective noun are
  being talked about then we use plural verb with
  them.
• The committee has given its decision.
• The jury agreed that its verdict is not guilty.
• The cricket team practices near the old fort.
• The team are taking bath in their bathrooms.
• The audience are taking their seats.
• In the above sentences we are talking about
  members.

4

• 4. Material noun
• All the materials are included in this noun.
• Tea, plastic, water, gold, oil etc.
• 5. Abstract noun
• This noun denotes quality, condition feelings and
  ideas of a person.
• Honesty , childhood , anger , pity etc.

5

• Nouns are also classified as-
• Countable noun
• These are the nouns which can be counted .
• Eg.- shreya, rupees, boy etc.
• As we can count so we can classify them as
  singular and plural.
• Singular verb is used with singular countable
  nouns.
• Plural verb is used with plural countable nouns.
• A girl is going.
• Girls are going.
• 2. Uncountable noun
• These are the nouns which we can not count.
• Singular verb is used with uncountable nouns.
• Eg. - milk,knowledge, oil etc

6

• There are certain nouns which can only be used in
  singular form as they are uncountable in nature-
• Luggage, baggage, knowledge, postage, wastage,
  pottery, poetry, scenery, bakery, confectionary,
  jewellery, equipment, evidence, information,
  fuel, cost, dirt, dust, hair, percentage,
  behaviour etc.
• We can not make the above mentioned words in
  plural form by adding s with them.
• Article a/an cant be used with them.
• Much is used with uncountable nouns.
• Your hair is beautiful.
• She has vast knowledge about buddhism.
• The scenery of shimla is very charming.
• Harivansh rai bachchan is famous for his poetry.
• Plural verbs can be used with uncountable nouns
  by adding certain words before them.
• All pieces of information given by him were fake.
• (you should notice that here the verb were is
  used for pieces and not for information).
• Some packets of bread were given to the orphan.
• (Here were is used for packets).

7

• Noun and Case
• We consider four types of case in nouns-
• 1. Nominative / subjective case
• 2. Accusative / objective case
• 3. Dative case
• 4. Possessive case

8

• 1. Nominative / subjective case
• In this case noun is used as the subject of the
  sentence.
• Shyam lives in village.
• Delhi is my favourite place.
• 2. Accusative / objective case
• In this case noun is used as the object of the
  sentence.
• I live in delhi.
• I have given my notebook to garima.
• 3. Dative case
• In this case noun is being addressed in the
  sentence.
• Ram, read carefully.
• Sita, walk slowly.
• 4. Possessive case
• In this case Possession of noun is shown in the
  sentence. Apostrophe is used to show the
  possessions of noun.
• Rahul s notebook
• Riya s book

9

• Find errors if any
• Meeras car
• Meeras Agarwal car
• Meera Agarwals, an entrepreneur car
• Meera Agarwals, an entrepreneur in India car
• The teapots handle is golden in colour.
• Keyboards keys are not working well.
• No one can escape deaths hand.
• Springs charm is mesmerizing.
• She studies in a girls college.
• She studies in a womens college.
• She is a lady doctor.

10

• Find errors if any
• This is Rameshs pen.
• This is Agarwal and sonss shop.
• Rams and shyams brother is very naughty.
• Rams and Shyams fathers are good friends.
• My mothers cousins brother is working in IT
  sector.
• My sisters husbands mother is not well.

11

• We can not use apostrophe with non living things.
• The teapots handle is golden in colour.(wrong)
• The handle of the teapot is golden in
  colour.(correct)
• Keyboards keys are not working well.(wrong)
• The keys of the keyboard are not working
  well.(correct)
• But while personifying non living things,
  apostrophe is used-
• Deaths hand
• Springs charm
• In order to show the possession of Plural noun
  ending with s. We do not repeat s while using
  apostrophe with them-
• Cows horn
• Girls college
• Womens college (here the plural form does not
  contain s in it.)
• While pronouncing a noun, if it ends in hissing
  sound then we do not use s while using
  apostrophe with them-
• Peace sake
• Conscience sake
• Ganesh idol

12

• If the possession of two nouns is same then
  apostrophe is only used with the latter noun-
• Sehrawat and sons (shop)
• Choudhary and grandsons (shop)
• Ram and shyams brother is very naughty.
• If the possession of two nouns is different then
  we use apostrophe with both the nouns-
• Dinkars and Niralas poem
• Rams and Shyams fathers are good friends.
• Do not use double apostrophe adjacently
• My mothers cousins brother is working in IT
  sector.(wrong)
• The brother of my mothers cousin is working in
  IT sector.(correct)
• My sisters husbands mother is not well.(wrong)
• The mother of my sisters husband is not
  well.(correct)

13

• Noun and gender
• Gender of nouns is divided into four parts-
• 1.Masculine gender
• It represents male gender.
• 2.Feminine gender
• It represents female gender.
• 3.Common gender
• It represents both male and female gender.
• Thief,neighbour,servant,teacher,doctor,student
  etc.
• 4.Neutral gender
• It neither represents males nor females.
• It represents non living things.
• Copy,book,chair,etc

14

• Find errors if any
• The sun glared at me with his cruel eyes.
• Death with his bare hands was waiting for her.
• Thunder is making his way through the town.
• The moon is dancing in the sky with her bright
  light.
• Nature has shown her cruelty on the people of
  bhuj.
• France is proud of her architects.
• France and its neighbours entered into a treaty.
• Everyone should perform their duties well.
• Someone is going outside with her blue bicycle.
• Someone has stolen her purse.

15

• Personification of non living things
• There are certain nouns which are used to show
  strength,energy, power and firmness. Such nouns
  are considered as masculine in gender. So
  pronouns representing male gender(he, him, his,
  himself) are used with them.
• Sun,time,death,winter, wind, thunder,ocean,war
• The sun glared at me with his cruel eyes.
• Death with his bare hands was waiting for her.
• Thunder is making his way through the town.
• (in the above sentences we are personifying-thunde
  r and death)

16

• Personification of non living things
• There are certain nouns which are used to show
  beauty, gracefulness,and gentleness. Such nouns
  are considered as feminine in gender. So pronouns
  representing female gender are used for them.
• Ship,car,train,truth,modesty,pride,liberty,faith,s
  pring,city,country,flattery,virtue,mercy,
• nature ,jealousy,the moon,river,the
  earth,nation,hope,humanity,peace,fame,justice
• The moon is dancing in the sky with her bright
  light.
• Nature has shown her cruelty on the people of
  bhuj.
• France is proud of her architects.
• (in the above sentences we are personifying
  -nature and the moon)
• Note -when geographical conditions of a country
  are being discussed then we use it for the
  country.
• India and its neighbours

17

• We always use masculine gender pronouns with the
  following words-
• Everyone, anyone, no one, someone,everybody,
  nobody, somebody, anybody(indefinite pronoun)
• Everyone should perform his duties well.
• Someone is going outside with his blue bicycle.
• Someone has stolen her purse. (her does not
  indicate someone)

18

• Find errors if any
• The doctor and her patient are talking loudly.
• The teacher is teaching with a red pen in her
  hand.
• The woman doctor and her patient are talking
  loudly.
• The baby has broken his left arm.
• The child who is playing has blue bottle in his
  hands.
• The child who won the competition last night was
  a boy. He was very active.
• The baby was a girl.She was very beautiful.

19

• Common gender
• It represents both male and female gender.
• Thief,neighbour,servant,teacher,doctor,student
  etc.
• The gender of the above nouns is not clear.
• As we live in male dominating society so when the
  gender of the nouns is not clear ,we always use
  masculine gender for them.
• The doctor and his patient are talking loudly.
• The teacher is teaching with a red pen in his
  hand.
• Baby,infant,child
• We do not know the gender of the above nouns.
• So we use it,itself, and its for them.
• The baby has broken its left arm.
• The child who is playing has blue bottle in his
  hands.
• But if their gender is mentioned initially then
  we can use he/she for them according to the
  gender.
• The child who won the competition last night was
  a boy. He was very active.
• The baby was a girl.She was very beautiful.

20

• Find errors if any
• He is becoming weak days by days.
• Cars after cars is arriving.
• Doors to doors service will be provided for polio
  drops.
• I have given him two thousands rupees.
• I bought four dozens oranges.
• I donated six thousands rupees in charity.
• Thousand of people go for hajj every year.
• Million of rupees got wasted on this project.
• She donated thousand of rupees.
• I need one million of rupees.

21

• RULES
• 1. If a noun is followed by a preposition and
  then the same noun is repeated , singular form of
  the noun will be used.
• He is becoming weak day by day.
• Car after car is arriving.
• Door to door service will be provided for polio
  drops.
• 2. If a definite numeral adjective(one,two,three.
  ) is followed by the following nouns then the
  nouns should be used in singular form.
• Pair, score, hundred, thousand,
  dozen,million,billion,stone,gross etc.
• I have given him two thousand rupees.
• I bought four dozen oranges.
• I donated six thousand rupees in charity.
• But if the above mentioned nouns are followed by
  of then the nouns will be used in plural form.
• Thousands of people go for hajj every year.
• Millions of rupees got wasted on this project.
• She donated thousands of rupees.

22

• RULES
• 3. Certain nouns exist in plural form only. We
  can not make them singular by removing their s.
  So plural verb is used with them. Such nouns are-
• Pants,pajamas,trousers,shorts,knickers,scissors,to
  ngs,sunglasses,binoculars,spectacles,goggles,Surro
  undings,outskirts,alms,wages,proceeds,remains,cong
  ratulations,regards,thanks,savings,Fireworks,amend
  s,braces,tactics,troops,valuables,belongings etc.
• Where are my trousers?
• I need a bit time to admire my surroundings.
• He was born in noida,on the outskirts of delhi,in
  2002.
• 4.some nouns exist in plural form(ends with s)
  but they are singular in meaning so we use
  singular verb with them. Such nouns are-
• Physics,economics,linguistics,mathematics,politics
  ,innings,ethics,mumps,measles,rickets,billiards,at
  hletics,news.
• Physics is a tough subject.
• Billiards is my favourite game.
• No news is a good news.

23

• RULES
• 5.some nouns exist in singular form(do not end
  with s) but are plural in meaning . so plural
  verbs are used with them. Such nouns are-
• Cavalry,gentry,clergy,infantry,poultry,peasantry,c
  attle,children etc.
• The peasantry of this village have their own
  farms.
• The gentry of this colony generally have their
  get togethers at community centre.
• Cattle are grazing in the farm.
• 6. There are certain nouns that exist in a single
  form in both singular and plural forms. Such
  nouns are-
• Fish,sheep,series,deer,aircraft,counsel etc.
• One fish is there in the pond.
• There are many fish in the pond.

24

• Find errors if any
• My teacher likes the literature of the sixteenth
  and seventeenth century.
• My teacher likes the literature of the sixteenth
  and the seventeenth century.
• The first and the second chapters of this book
  are interesting.
• The first and second chapters of this book are
  interesting.
• We have to taste the sweet and bitter of our
  lives.
• The essential of life must be available to all.
• There are two Rahul in my class.
• The brethrens of this locality are always at
  daggers drawn without any apparent reason.
• I have read Tagores poems wo is a great poet..
• The headquarter of the Army is in Delhi.
• He introduced me to his mother who is a singer
  and a doctor.
• The train got derailed and resulted into many
  persons death.
• The deputy commissioner has appointed a five
  members committee to enquire into the matter.

25

• Some singular and plural forms of nouns are given
  below.
• Singular
  Plural
• Phenomenon
• Criterion
• Singular
  Plural
• Analysis
• Crisis
• Hypothesis
• Basis
• Thesis
• Parenthesis
• Singular
  Plural
• Spoonful
• Mouthful
• Glassful
• Handful
• Cupful

26

• Some singular and plural forms of nouns are given
  below.
• Singular
  Plural
• Phenomenon Phenomena
• Criterion
  Criteria
• Singular
  Plural
• Analysis
  Analyses
• Crisis
  Crises
• Hypothesis
  Hypotheses
• Basis
  Bases
• Thesis
  Theses
• Parenthesis
  Parentheses
• Singular
  Plural
• Spoonful
  Spoonfuls
• Mouthful
  Mouthfuls
• Glassful
  Glassfuls
• Handful
  Handfuls
• Cupful
  Cupfuls

27

• Singular
  Plural
• Commander-in-chief
• Son-in-law
• Sister-in-law
• Mother-in-law
• Step-father
• Step-brother
• Maid-servant
• Major-general
• Singular
  Plural
• Woman
• Foot
• Singular
• Dormouse
• Louse
• Man
• Mouse
• Tooth
• Goose

28

• Singular
  Plural
• Commander-in-chief
  Commanders-in-chief
• Son-in-law
  Sons-in-law
• Sister-in-law
  Sisters-in-law
• Mother-in-law
  Mothers-in-law
• Step-father
  Step-fathers
• Step-brother
  Step-brothers
• Maid-servant
  Maid-servants
• Major-general
  Major-generals
• Singular
  Plural
• Woman Women
• Foot
  Feet
• Singular
  Plural
• Dormouse Dormice
• Louse Lice
• Man Men
• Mouse Mice
• Tooth
  Teeth
• Goose Geese

29

• Singular
  Plural
• Man servant
• Woman doctor
• Man hater
• Woman lover
• Singular
  Plural
• Child
• Ox
• Singular
  Plural
• Datum
• Ovum
• Dictum
• Memorandum
• Stratum
• Agendum

30

• Singular
  Plural
• Man servant Men
  servants
• Woman doctor Women
  doctors
• Man hater Man
  haters
• Woman lover Woman
  lovers
• Singular
  Plural
• Child
  Children
• Ox
  Oxen
• Singular
  Plural
• Datum Data
• Ovum Ova
• Dictum Dicta
• Memorandum Memoranda
• Stratum Strata
• Agendum Agenda

31

• ERROR DETECTION BASED ON NOUN
• 1.(a)All his brother-in-laws/(b)were very excited
  about/(c)his engagement/(d)no error
• 2.(a)Everyone should submit/(b) her semester
  report on/(c) time otherwise marks will be
  deducted/(d) no error
• 3.(a)The child with blue eyes/(b) and golden hair
  has/(c) broken his leg while jumping/(d)from the
  wall/(e)no error
• 4.(a)The child who won/(b) the swimming
  championship/(c) was a boy./(d)It was very
  active./(e)np error
• 5.(a)My mothers brothers wife/(b) has been
  elected as the/ (chairperson of the happiness
  club./(d)no error
• 6.(a)The teapots handle/(b) has broken and
  we/(c) must fix it in order /(d)to avoid any
  inconvenience./(e)no error
• 7.(a)My cousin brother is/(b) getting married
  this/(c)week and i am so excited for him./(d)no
  error
• 8.(a)The gentry of this colony/(b) was present in
  the community hall/(c)for the celebration/(d)of
  holi.(e)no error
• 9.(a)I know a lady doctor who/(b) lives near your
  home and /(c)you can discuss your problem/(d)
  with her without any hesitation./ (e) no error
• 10.(a)Being a benevolent in nature,/(b) he
  donated ten thousands rupees/(c) to the old age
  home of Ranchi./(d)no error

32

• ERROR DETECTION BASED ON NOUN
• 11.(a)The girl with pink spectacle/(b) was
  standing behind the door/(c) while playing hide
  and seek with/(d) her brother./(e)no error
• 12.(a)The costs of /(b) meat is going high day by
  day /(c)so the government is planning to /(d) ban
  it for few days./(e)no error
• 13.(a)I have given him/(b)two handful of
  rice/(c)as he was very/(d)hungry from
  yesterday./(e)no error
• 14.(a)The sheafs of the corn were/(b)collected so
  that they can be/(c)taken to market/(d)for
  sale./(e)no error
• 15.(a)I visited johns and keith's /(b)house
  thrice but/(c)found the couple /(d)absent./(e)no
  error
• 16.(a)The cost of /(b)meat is going high days by
  days/(c)so the government is planning to /(d)ban
  it for few days./(e)no error
• 17.(a)New equipments have/(b) been ordered by
  the/(c)company to fulfill/(d)the requirements of
  its employees./(e)no error
• 18.(a)sheeps are considered as/(b)very useful
  animals/(c)/They provide us meat(d)as well as
  wool./(e)no error
• 19.(a)The content of /(b)this book is very
  helpful/(c)for the students/(d)who are preparing
  for IIT-JEE./(e)no error
• 20.(a)kalpana chawla was the/(b)astrologer who
  went to/(c)space and/(d)never came back/(e)no
  error

33

• PREVIOUS ASKED QUESTIONS -
• 1.(a)My sister/(b)has read/(c)pages after
  pages/(d)of bible(e)no error
• 2.(a) A milk/(b) can provide/(c) protein for
  a/(d) nutritionally balanced diet./(e)no error
• 3.(a) Of the billions of stars in the galaxy,/(b)
  how much/(c) are suitable/(d) for life./(e)no
  error
• 4.(a) The lawyer asked the complainant/(b) to put
  his sign/(c) on the paper./(d)no error
• 5.(a) The beautiful/(b) surrounding of the
  place/(c) enchanted me./(d)no error
• 6.(a) No porter being available/(b) he
  carried/(c) all his luggages himself./(d) no
  error
• 7.(a) The tables legs/(b) have been/(c)
  elaborately carved./(d) NO ERROR
• 8.(a) A few tiles on skylab/(b) were the only
  equipments/(c) that failed to perform well in
  outer space./(d) no error
• 9.(a) This misogynist hates/(b) all
  mother-in-laws,/(c) lady-doctors and house
  maids./(d) no error
• 10.(a) I/(b) have/(c) many works to do./(d) no
  error

34
Top UPSC Coaching Centre in Chennai

• Our Education is a search engine for Indian
  education. You can Search and find information
  about Institutes, College, Admission, Fee
  Structure, Faculty, Courses, Results, Test
  Series, E-Book, Reviews, and Video Course. Our
  aim to initiate, enable and empower individuals
  to grow up to be extraordinary Civil Servants
  with Top UPSC coaching centre in Chennai.
• For More Info to Visit Here
• https//blog.oureducation.in/best-tnpsc-coaching-c
  enters-in-chennai/
• Contact Number 9958444212/0120-4308958

35
Top UPSC (TNPSC )Coaching Centre in Chennai
Every student has a dream to pursue a best
preparation, Then you the right Place Now,
Oureducation is a Search Engine for Indian
Education. Here Oureducation offer service for
Top Coaching Center for UPSC Exam. career of his
or her choice. If you are looking Top Coaching
Center For UPSC Exam with the