Protecting the Sea Base with Unmanned Vehicles

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UV Sentry

• Protecting the Sea Base with Unmanned Vehicles
• Multi Agency Craft Conference
• 6-8 June 2006

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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NSWC Innovation Cell Overview

• UV Sentry Team
• Joint NSWC / SPAWAR Systems Center effort
• NSWC - Carderock (W. Bethesda, Norfolk,
  Philadelphia)
• SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego
• NSWC-Dahlgren, NSWC-Panama City,
• and NUWC also participated
• Limited Study Period (4-6 Months)
• Diverse Project Team Membership
• Not necessarily subject matter experts

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UV Sentry Team
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UV Sentry Project Overview

• Define the Problem
• The Project Charter
• Background Assumptions
• Concept of Operations (CONOPs)
• UV Sentry System Design
• C4 Architecture Platform Requirements
• Suite of Vehicles Support Strategy
• Enabling Technologies
• Roadmap to Deployment
• High Payoff-Potential Tech Innovations

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The Problem Concept

• Littoral Sea Bases are Vulnerable to Asymmetric
  Threats
• How do we protect minimally manned assets with
  limited self-defense capabilities?
• An Innovative Concept for a Possible Solution
• Unmanned Vehicles

A Robust Scalable System
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Project Charter
Develop a concept of operations for a system of
unmanned systems that will serve within Sea
Shield as sentries to sense identify current
projected surface and subsurface threats to Sea
Base assets and design the corresponding
FORCEnet Services Infrastructure-based
architecture and suite of unmanned vehicles.
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Assumptions

• Sea Base Operations (10-30-30)
• Ready for operations in 10 days
• Support operation of Expeditionary Forces for 30
  days
• 30 days to reconstitute forces
• DMER5 Operational Model
• Deployment, Management, Exploitation, Refueling,
  Repositioning, Recovering, Replacement,
  Redeployment
• CSG ESG Act as Components of Sea Shield
• UV Sentry works with these assets to neutralize
  threats
• Air Threats Detected by Other Assets (e.g. AEGIS)
• Initial Operational Capability 2015

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What is our Sea Base?

• Significant Perimeters
• Supply Lane
• 200 nmi x ½ nmi
• Sea Base Perimeter (Operational Area)
• 1000 nmi2
• 30 nmi x 33 nmi Box
• Circle 36 nmi Diameter
• Landing Lane
• 15 nmi x ½ nmi

Landing Lane
18 nmi
LEGEND Carrier Strike Group Sea Base
Asset Expeditionary Strike Group Sea Base
Connector Small High Speed Ship
Supply Lane
Not To Scale
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Protecting The Sea Base
MACC '06
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Notional Threat Considerations

• Sea Base
• 18 nmi radius
• MIW
• Area of interest
• ASW SUW
• Area of interest
• SUW Monitoring
• Area of interest

Landing Lane
Sea Base Perimeter
18 nmi
LEGEND Medium Range UAV Carrier Strike Group Sea
Base Asset Expeditionary Strike Group Sea Base
Connector Small High Speed Ship
Supply Lane
Not To Scale
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UV Sentry Missions

• Surface Threat Identification and Tracking (SUW)
• Mine Detection, Classification, Identification
  (MIW)
• Submarine Detection and Tracking (ASW)
• Chem/Bio/Radiological Threat Detection (CBR)
• Signal Intelligence / Electronic Warfare (SIGINT)
• UV Replenishment

Putting Sensors on Target
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Capabilities

• Overall Capabilities
• C4
• Multiple vehicle control
• Rugged dependability
• Logistics
• Launch Recovery
• LCS, HSV, or other
• Transport
• Military or Commercial Sealift
• Maintenance
• Drives host ship manning reqts
• Min. Manning Option Advanced Base
• Sensors to provide fire control quality data as
  required

• Mission Specific Sensors/Payloads
• MIW
• Surface mines LIDAR
• Deep Mines HF or Parametric Sonar
• RAMICS, Mine disposal UUV
• ASW
• Multi-Static Active and Passive Sonar Network
• Lightweight Torpedoes (Mk 54)
• SUW
• Radar, Electro-Optical, Infra-red or Thermal
  imaging
• Netfires
• CBR
• Point Detection Electro-chemical,
  Mass-spectrometry or Fiber-optic
• Standoff LIDAR

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UV Mission Suitability Analysis( MIW Example )
NOTE Items evaluated as "0 - Unsuitable" for
the most heavily weighted characteristic were
given an overall rating of " 0 - Unsuitable ".
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UV Mission Suitability
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UV Sentry Mission CONOPs

• SUW
• Large UAV(s) monitoring contacts in Tracking Zone
• Small UAV(s) operating from USV(s) intercept
  contacts at perimeter of Exclusion Zone
• Engagement USV w/ NetFires
• CBR
• Point detection on platforms performing other
  missions
• Stand off detection from dedicated UAV(s)
  USV(s) as needed
• Replenishment
• 1 support USV can refuel 8 other USVs in 20 hrs

• MIW
• Shallow Mines UAV w/ LIDAR
• Deep Mines USV(s) hosting UUVs or towing sonar
• Engagement RAMICS, mine disposal UUV, or
  bomblets
• ASW
• USV(s) deploy bi-static sonar buoys along
  perimeter
• USV(s) searching w/ dipping sonar
• Engagement USV w/ MK 54 LWT or USV based RAMICS
  type system

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CONOPs Example - Mine Warfare

• Assumptions
• Area not heavily mined
• Minelayers SUW ASW system assets handle
  surface subsurface, CSG handles aerial threats
• Engagement (Mines Neutralization)
• Disposal UUVs
• Bomblets

UAV
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Conceptual Operational View -- Composeable
FORCEnet (CFn)
10001110011001101010101010101001111001001010100101
0
1010101010101010011110010010111001010001010
00110101110101010010101011110100001111000111100101
1101011100
01010100011010111010101001010101111010000111100011
1100101110101110001010
01100111100001010100011010111010101001010101111010
0001111000111100101110101110
0111100101110101110001010
101000011110001111001011101011100010100011
10100001111000111100101110101110001010
10100001111000111100101110101110001010001111100000
111110101
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C4ISR Area of Focus
10001110011001101010101010101001111001001010100101
0
1010101010101010011110010010111001010001010
00110101110101010010101011110100001111000111100101
1101011100
01010100011010111010101001010101111010000111100011
1100101110101110001010
01100111100001010100011010111010101001010101111010
0001111000111100101110101110
0111100101110101110001010
101000011110001111001011101011100010100011
10100001111000111100101110101110001010
10100001111000111100101110101110001010001111100000
111110101
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UV System Command Control Architecture
Mine Warfare
Host Platform
STANAG
JAUS
ROUTER
Radios
JAUS
Anti-Surface Warfare
Network Distributed Control
ROUTER
Radios
Host Platform
ROUTER
Radios
Anti-Submarine Warfare
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UV System C2 Information Flow
10100001111000111100101110101110001010000111100101
01000111010101010110101010010010001110101101011101
00011010101110101001101
10101011100110110001000101001010100001111000111100
101110101110001010
0001010010101000011110001111001011101001010
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Simulation Model Utility

• CONOPS Validation
• Capacity Planning
• Elimination of network congestion
• Provisioning for emergency needs
• Acquisition justification

• What-ifs
• Jamming
• Network asset losses
• Climatic changes
• Protocols
• Technology developments
• Spiral development and evaluation

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CONOPs Simulation
MODEL RESULTS Required Bandwidth 41.5
MB Capacity Utilization 6
CONOPs Validated
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Notional UV Suite

• Option 1
• MIW Utilizing UUVs
• CR VTUAV 15
• MRE UAV 6
• USV 27
• UUV 13
• Active Buoys 400
• Passive Buoys 795
• M-Mine Variant 100

• Option 2
• MIW Utilizing Towed Sonars
• CR VTUAV 15
• MRE UAV 6
• USV 32
• UUV 0
• Active Buoys 400
• Passive Buoys 795
• M-Mine Variant 100

• Based on 50 Day Mission (10-30-10)
• Numbers reflect 25 spares

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Platform Requirements
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Platform Requirements (cont'd)
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Transport Vessel Requirements

• Requires unique storage handling
• USVs
• MRE UAVs

• Transportable in 20ft TEUs
• CR UAVs
• UUVs
• Active/passive buoys
• Mobile-Mine Variant
• Spare vehicles
• Sensor packages
• Plug play vehicle replacement modules

To Reduce Required LCS-Type Assets, Must Develop
Ability to 1. Handle, Store Transport USVs
MRE UAVs on TEU Capable Ships THEN 2.
Control Host UV Sentry from Non-LCS-Type Assets
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Enabling Technologies

• Cascading Vehicles
• USVs hosting UUVs or UAVs
• Autonomous Launch Recovery
• Underway refueling
• Unmanned recovery
• On Board Data Processing
• Autonomously transforming data into knowledge
• CAD/CAC/CAI
• Advanced Data Management
• Underwater Communications
• Alternative Energy Sources

• Modularity
• Sensor Development
• LIDAR
• Parametric sonar
• Electro-optical wake recognition
• Autonomous collaborative UV systems
• Self diagnostics
• Swarming
• Secure Wireless Networks
• Net-centric Architecture
• Open, re-usable scaleable
• Global Information Grid
• "Power to the Edge"

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Roadmap to Deployment

• Concept Testing
• Autonomous launch, recovery, and refueling
• War Gaming
• Further refinement of CONOPs
• ACTD (FY08)
• Joint, Cascading UVs
• Funded development of standard requirements for
  design of communications architecture and
  platforms
• Funded Implementation

ASNE SEA BASING '06
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High Payoff-PotentialTechnology Innovations

• USV Fully Operational in SS 4
• Seaplanes
• Underwater communications
• Optics
• Energy harvesting
• Solar
• Wave motion
• Small footprint, lightweight, low power
  consumption, encryption radios
• Anti-jamming systems

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SWATH USV

• Current USVs cannot fully operate in SS4.
• What trade-offs must be made to achieve meet this
  requirement ?

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SWATH Variable Geometry
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UV Sentry

• Protecting the Sea Base with Unmanned Vehicles
• Multi Agency Craft Conference
• 6-8 June 2006

Discussion