Agricultural Terrorism Food Defense

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Agricultural Terrorism Food Defense

• What is it and how can I defeat it

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Discussion Points

• Definitions
• Winning the War

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Agriculture

• Identified as one of the critical infrastructure
  components by National Strategy for Homeland
  Security (HSPD-9)

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Critical Infrastructure

• PATRIOT Act defines critical infrastructure as
• Systems and assetsso vital to the United States
  that the incapacity or destruction of such
  systems and assets would have a debilitating
  impact on security, national economic security,
  national public health or safety, or any
  combination of those matters

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Agricultural Terrorism

• Use of a biological, chemical, radiological or
  other agent against either the pre-harvest or
  post-harvest stages of food and fiber production
• Aim to inspire fear or cause economic damage,
  public health impact, or other adverse impact
  against the U.S.

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Agriculture/Food Industry

• One of largest U.S. industries
• Global in scope
• Varied, complex, changing industry
• Known terrorist target
• al Qaeda documents

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What Is Food Security (Defense)?

• Food security for a household means access by all
  members at all times to enough food for an
  active, healthy life.
• (note Security has been replaced by Defense)

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What is Food Security (Defense)?

• Food security includes at a minimum
• The ready availability of nutritionally adequate
  and safe foods
• An assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in
  socially acceptable ways (that is, without
  resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging,
  stealing, or other coping strategies)....1

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What is Food Insecurity?

• Food insecurity is limited or uncertain
  availability of nutritionally adequate and safe
  foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire
  acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.
• 1(Definitions are from the Life Sciences Research
  Office, S.A. Andersen, ed., "Core Indicators of
  Nutritional State for Difficult to Sample
  Populations,
• The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 120, 1990,
  1557S-1600S.)

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Protecting it All Big Picture

• Port and border inspections
• Food processing security measures
• Domestic transportation
• International trade

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Security Guidelines

• FSIS Transportation and Distribution Safety and
  Security Guidelines
• Develop a security plan
• Screen and educate employees
• Secure the facility
• Follow guidance for specific modes of
  transportation

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Food and Drug Administration

• Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
• Regulations under 21 CFR
• Regulates all domestic and imported food sold in
  interstate commerce in US
• Including Shell eggs, bottled water, wine
  beverages lt 7 alcohol
• Excluding meat and poultry

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What is HACCP?

• Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
  (HACCP)
• Focuses on identifying and preventing hazards
  from contaminating food
• Is based on sound science
• Places responsibility for ensuring food safety
  appropriately on the food manufacturer or
  distributor

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What is HACCP?

• Permits more efficient and effective government
  oversight, primarily because the recordkeeping
  allows investigators to see how well a firm is
  complying with food safety laws over a period
  rather than how well it is doing on any given day

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What is HACCP?

• Helps food companies compete more effectively in
  the world market
• Reduces barriers to international trade.

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What is HACCP?

• HACCP involves seven principles
• Analyze hazards.
• Identify critical control points.
• Establish preventive measures with critical
  limits for each control point.
• Establish procedures to monitor the critical
  control points.
• Establish corrective actions to be taken when
  monitoring shows that a critical limit has not
  been met
• Establish procedures to verify that the system is
  working properly
• Establish effective recordkeeping to document the
  HACCP system.

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Operational Risk Management

• Identify preventative measures to minimize the
  risk of a terrorist event in the food chain from
  farmer to consumer
• 6 Step System
• Identify the hazards
• Assess the risk
• Analyze risk control measures
• Make control decisions
• Implement risk controls
• Supervise and review

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How does the big picture notice something is
wrong

• CDC, FDA, USDA, state health agencies are
  linked though surveillance tools
• PrepNet
• FoodNet
• PulseNet

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Attack Considerations

• Several factors attackers consider when planning
  a mission
• Vulnerable target
• Capability of the perpetrator
• Willingness to carry out the attack

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HOW do we protect Ourselves?

• DoD, FDA. USDA, Commerce and DHS use the CARVER
  matrix in conduct Vulnerability Assessments
• Criticality
• Accessibility
• Recuperability
• Vulnerability
• Effect
• Recognizability

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How does it work?

• Quantify the vulnerability versus threat
• Puts the aggressor mindset into the equation
• It is only a technique and must be updated and
  maintained

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Did it now what?

• Threat analysis was completed
• Vulnerability Assessment was completed
• How do we use this to prevent and mitigate
  potential attacks

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The weakest link

• Ownership of security
• Everybody owns a little piece and they all must
  be equal in vigilance and at least the perception
  of security
• Who works in the Food/Ag industry
• How easy is it infiltrate
• How much damage can be done

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Effect of Agricultural Terror Attack

• What would impact each person here
• What can you do about it
• What will you do about it
• How long can you sustain this effort

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Winning the War

• What have we (you and me) done today to achieve
  victory?