Pervasive Computing

1

• Pervasive Computing
• Efforts on Linux
• Geetha Manjunath
• HP India Software Operation Ltd
• 12, December 2001

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Agenda

• What is Pervasive Computing?
• The Cooltown
• Developer Platform Coolbase
• Linux Devices
• Embedded Linux
• Conclusions

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Pervasive Computing

• Mobile Computing
• Nomadic Computing
• Ubiquitous computing
• Anytime - anywhere computing
• Wearable Computers
• Universal Information Appliance
• Cooltown

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What is Pervasive Computing?
The ability to access information virtually
anywhere - at any time

• A strongly emerging trend...
• Numerous, casually accessible, often invisible
  computing devices
• Frequently mobile or embedded in the environment
• Connected to an increasingly ubiquitous network
  structure

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What is Pervasive Computing?

• For Computing Users
• simplicity of use,
• ubiquitous access,
• minimal technical expertise,
• reliability
• intuitive interaction.
• The aim is for easier computing, more available
  wherever needed

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The Cooltown Project
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HEHAW!Hey Everything Has a Webpage!
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Cooltown

• Web presence of people, places and things
• Create a world where people, places and things
  are first class citizens on Web.

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Cooltown - Appliance Computing Environment
people, places things are full web citizens
that participate in e-services
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So What is a Space Really ?
Space represents Physical context (place)
Dynamic web page based on user, time, and
capabilities
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Personal Data Assistants
Space Portal
IR-DA orBluetooth
HP WebLink
Notes
Messages
Contacts
User
Calendar
Web Appliances
Internet/Intranet
Office Space
Home Space
Car Space
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Spaces
Wheres the Bus ?
CoolCity Bus CO.

• Its cold it is snowing and your waiting for
  the bus. Will it arrive ?, when ? Etc.
• Using a Web Pad users can access localized
  information provided at the bus stop.
• Access to specific service provided by the
  bus company
• Web view provides dynamic information based
  on context and time.
• Direct access to ticketing and notification
  services.

Route 17 Downtown lt-gt UpTown
Arriving at Stop 29 in 14 Mins
Arrival Notification
Purchase Tickets
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Web presence of people Mobility

• User web sites
• Business card

• Redirector service

Space

• Jeff Enters Space
• Space registers location

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Cooltown Solutions

• Transportation
• Museum
• Bookstore/Café
• Office
• Home

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Implications on PrintingTraditional Print Model
Local/Network Printer
What you see is what you get
For web-based information, is what you see what
you want?
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E-Squirt Internet Print Model
e-services (content, access, customization,
rendering, security, payment)
WWW
Local access network IRDA/Bluetooth
Use URL to retrieveinformation to print
Squirt URL
Walk-up display appliance (printer, monitor)
Appliance w/ limited display capability (palmtop,
pager, phone)
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Some Cooltown highlights

• Location Dependent Personalized Services
• Establishing relationships between a physical
  entity and a logical entity
• Wireless Media
• eSquirt and the Beacon
• Use the web as the network infrastructure
• Web based appliances, services

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Coolbase Platform
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Coolbase Pervasive Computing Toolbox

• Open Source Developer Site under GPL
• http//devnet.hp.com/projects/coolbase/
• coolkit - A Toolkit for building Cooltown
  entities
• cbserver - Embedded web appliance server
• Esquirt and Beacon Receiver for Infra-Red
• SWT - Secure Web Tunneling
• Web Presence Manager
• Taggy - A small control device
• BaseBoard - The Linux based hardware platform

Tools for application development
Infrastructure services
Hardware
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Coolkit
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CoolKit Elements

• Tools
• CSP Parser
• Syntax Checker
• Configuration Tool
• Build Tool
• Weblet repository
• Java Stub Files Generator
• IDE
• Libraries
• Interweblet API, HTMLhelpers, Utilities
• System Weblets
• Notifier , Discovery, Persistance,...

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CSP Parser

• Scripting language can be C or Java.
• Can be used along with any client side scripts
  (JavaScript)
• Semantically equivalent to JSP/Servlets.
• Both XML syntax and short form JSP tags are
  recognized

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cbserver

• A basic framework for Cooltown entities.
• Web server
• Tiny and fast server for embedded devices
• Web service cbweblet
• System Services/ cbweblets
• Event notification propagation
• Service discovery
• Security framework
• UPnP support

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Architecture of cbserver
Configurability of every module !
cbserver
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Esquirt and Beacon

• Esquirt API
• Currently over Infrared, supports Bluetooth.
• OBEX (Object Exchange), XML tags
• Register callbacks
• Reflected User Interface (RUI)
• Internet Radio demo - BuzzBox
• Universal remote

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Coolbase Pervasive Computing Toolbox

• BaseBoard
• Pentium, SDRAM 32- 128 MB
• M-System Disk on Chip 2000 (144 MB)
• RedHat 6.2 and Debian versions
• Kernel 2.4.0 with serial console
• Linux IrDA,WaveLAN, Ethernet
• Taggy
• A Squirting device
• Multipurpose buttons

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Coolbase Pervasive Computing Toolbox

• Secure Web Tunneling
• - Proxy based solution for security
• - An SWT server inside the firewall
• - Proxy contains the SWT client
• Web Presence Manager
• - Create a web presence of a space
• - Create relationships between objects

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Coolbase Pervasive Computing Toolbox

• Open Source Developer Site under GPL
• http//devnet.hp.com/projects/coolbase/
• coolkit - A Toolkit for building Cooltown
  entities
• cbserver - Embedded web appliance server
• Esquirt and Beacon Receiver for Infra-Red
• SWT - Secure Web Tunneling
• Web Presence Manager
• Taggy - A small control device
• BaseBoard - The Linux based hardware platform

Tools for application development
Infrastructure services
Hardware
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Linux Devices
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Small Devices running Linux

• IBMs Linux Watch
• ARM7 core, 8MB RAM, Linux kernel 2.2.1
• Dodge Super8 Hemi concept car from
  DaimlerChrysler
• Network camera from Axis running uClinux
• Ericsson Bluetooth "blip"
• Isamu, the humanoid robot
• 53, 121 lbs, walks, climbs, carries, recognizes
  faces
• "brain" of a dual-Pentium computer running
  RTLinux..
• iRobot Corporation - iRobot-LE
• first multi-purpose domestic robot
• AMD K6-2, 64 MB SDRAM, 6GB
• Linux 2.2 , Netscape Browser,Apache-SSL web server

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Wearable Computers
http//agents.www.media.mit.edu/projects/wearables
/
VUMAN
http//wearables.blu.org/
http//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/vum
an/
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Embedded Linux
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Embedded Linux

• Why embedded Linux?
• The power, reliability, flexibility, and
  scalability of Linux
• Support for a multitude of microprocessors,
  hardware devices
• graphics support, and communications protocols.
• Need for research - university participation
• Embedded Linux Consortium
• http//www.embedded-linux.org/
• over 75 companies in just 75 days - now 124
• unified spec for an embedded Linux platform

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Embedded Linux

• Embedded Linux pioneers ( Sep 1999)
• Caldera, Cygnus, EMJ, Lineo, FSM Labs,
  MontaVista, PROSA, and Zentropix.
• Early hardware partners for these
• Force, JUMPtec, Megatel, Motorola, Synergy
  Microsystems, and Ziatech.
• Wind Rivers chairman (Jerry Fiddler)
• We see point-of-sale, ATMs, Industrial PC, and
  Internet Appliance applications as an opportunity
  where Linux can replace DOS and Windows NT.

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Embedded Linux

• Embedded Debian Project
• Cross Development Tools for ARM, MIPS, PowerPC
• EmDebSys , a system for the configuration and
  generation of both a Linux kernel and root
  filesystem.
• 1 to 10Mb

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Linux as a Pervasive Computing platform

• Familiar Project
• Linux compatible with Debian, Tiny X server,
• Python, Compaq iPAQ
• Montavistas Hard Hat Linux (mvista.com)
• Small Footprint web browser, Embedded GUI,
• embedded GTK Toolkit, Power Management
• Kernel Image 0.5 MB
• Compaqs iPAQ, Hitachis Crusoe,..
• MQ Series EveryPlace from IBM
• messaging infrastructure
• Cross Development Tools

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Embedded Linux efforts

• Embedded Linux Distributions
• Blue Cat from Lynx
• Embedix from Lineo
• emjlinux, etlinux
• Hard Hat (Commercial) Monta Vista
• Real time Linux
• Qlinux CPU and network, disk scheduler algos
• Realtime Linux.org - std linux, kernel
  preemptable
• Red Linux - pre emption points in kernel
• RTAI - Hard real time from kernel
• direct interrupts, traps mgmt, timers,
  semaphores,
• Linux SRT - QOS for RT apps by assigning a CPU

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Embedded Linux Tools

• Windowing Systems targeting handhelds
• DinX - is not X! on framebuffer
• FLTK - C GUI toolkit for X based on OpenGL,..
• Microwindows - open source project
• MiniGUI
• MGR
• Other embedded apps
• ae, elvis-tiny text editor
• ash - small bash
• bzexe - bzip and execute
• pump - dhcp client 35k

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Embedded Linux Tools

• Networking stuff
• Envoy - SNMP development environment
• Netboot, Etherboot, Nilo - for booting diskless
  PCs
• iproute
• Others
• Opera - small web browser
• Tiny Linux distributions
• Alfalinux, Ballantain,BYLD,cclinux, Coyote,
  DosLinux, Emblin, LRP, ...
• over 37 such distributions

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Some embedded Linux Links

• http//www.embedded-linux.org/
• http//www.linuxdevices.com/
• http//embedded.linuxjournal.com
• http//www.emdebian.org/
• http//www.RealTimeLinux.org

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Are we there?
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Further Research Required

• Research in content technology
• content capture, content representation
  retrieval
• Advancements needed in infrastructure
• Network transport, protocols
• Dynamic networks, roaming users and mobile
  services
• security technologies
• Research in human system interaction
• Research in engineering
• Methodologies and tools to design and construct
  systems under constraints (time to market,
  technological, economical)
• Tools to design and deploy software systems

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Conclusion

• Pervasive Computing is clearly an emerging trend
• Linux is going to play a major role
• As a developer platform
• As an embedded platform
• Emb Linux is becoming the most preferred OS
• Still miles and miles to go..

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