Cancer Treatment in India - Cost, Hospitals, Surgeons - Lyfboat

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Cancer Treatment
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What is Cancer

• In simple terms, cancer refers to an abnormal
  growth of cells in the body. This abnormal growth
  of cells can take place in any part of the body,
  including, lungs, breasts, kidneys, bladder,
  colon, skin and prostate. Cancer cells or tumours
  can either restrict themselves to their place of
  origin (benign tumour) or travel to other parts
  of the body (malignant tumour). The signs and
  symptoms of cancer depend on the type, extent and
  severity of the condition.

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Signs of cancer

• All cells that undergo unregulated growth to form
  a mass of cell or lump (tumours) are
  characterised as cancer when they show the
  following signs
• Continuous cell growth without any signalling
• Continuous cell growth even under inhibition
  signalling
• Limitless cell division
• Programmed cell death evasion
• Blood vessel constriction
• Metastases and invasion of other tissues

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Symptoms of cancer

• Symptoms of cancer, which depends on the type of
  cancer, start to appear when the mass of cells
  starts to multiply or forms an ulcer. Cancer
  symptoms can imitate the symptoms caused by
  anther condition that the cancer patient already
  has. Symptoms of cancer can be divided into the
  following three categories
• Systemic symptoms
• Local symptoms
• Metastasis

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Causes of Cancer
Cancer occurs when the cells divide
uncontrollably and there is no cell death. There
are a number of reasons that can trigger this
uncontrolled growth of cells. Typically, normal
cells get converted into cancerous cells when
their DNA gets damaged and there is either no
repair of the DNA or natural cell death.
However, the cancerous cells continue to divide
and give rise a cascade of other abnormal cells,
leading to the formation of a mass of cells. This
damage to the DNA can be triggered by a number of
factors, which can be categorized into
environmental factors or genetic factors. It is
estimated that 90 to 95 percent of cancer cases
reported each year are because of an exposure to
environmental factors (radiation, exposure to
pathogens, tobacco, and carcinogens).
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Diagnosis of Cancer

• The cancer diagnosis may be conducted as soon as
  the patient shows specific symptoms or if
  preventive screening tests for cancer turn out to
  be positive. The doctor may first ask questions
  about family and personal history before
  conducting a physical exam and lab tests (blood,
  urine, body fluids). Based on the preliminary
  findings, one or a combination of following
  imaging tests may be conducted to make a
  diagnosis of cancer
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
• Nuclear Scans
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• X-ray
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

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Treatment of Cancer

• There are different types of cancer treatment
  available, the choice of which may depend on the
  type of cancer, the health status of the patient,
  age, stage of cancer and the severity of
  symptoms. Most often, either one or a combination
  of following procedures to treat cancer are opted
  by the doctors based on their diagnosis. Few of
  the treatment options for cancer are available
  here
• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Gene therapy

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