Breast Cancer Causes And Effects

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Breast Cancer Causes And Effects
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• Breast cancer is a type of cancer that grows
  from breast cells and is the most common invasive
  cancer among females globally. Breast cancer also
  affects men though not as commonly as women. It
  accounts for up to 20 of all cancer deaths
  worldwide.

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• The breast cancer rate is higher in developed
  countries as opposed to underdeveloped countries
  and experts believe this is attributed to the
  high life expectancy in developed countries and
  the tremendous difference in lifestyle and eating
  habits.

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Causes

• Experts are not entirely certain what causes
  breast cancer. It is also hard to tell why one
  person develops the disease whereas another
  doesnt, but some risk factors can bring about a
  womans chances of developing breast cancer.
  These are

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• Growing older age is one of the major risk
  factors. Growing older, for a woman, increases
  her odds of developing breast cancer. More than
  80 of all female breast cancer cases occur at
  the age of 50 and above.

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• Genetics if one has a close relative who
  developed breast or ovarian cancer, they too may
  develop breast cancer. On the other hand, if two
  family members develop the disease, it doesnt
  quite mean they share the genes that make them
  more susceptible since breast cancer is a common
  type of cancer, and majorities are not
  hereditary.

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• BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may be inherited, and
  women carrying these genes are likely to develop
  breast cancer. Other known possible causes
  include post-menopausal obesity, dense breast
  tissue, history of breast cancer, estrogen
  exposure (when one begins to experience periods),
  high alcohol consumption, exposure to radiations
  such as X-rays, and cosmetic breast implants.

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Effects of Breast Cancer

• Breast cancer frequently starts in the interior
  lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply
  the ducts with milk. A malignant tumor can spread
  to the remaining parts of the body. A breast
  cancer that develops in the lobules is referred
  to as lobular carcinoma while one that starts off
  from the ducts is known as ductal carcinoma.

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• Some of the initial effects of breast cancer are
  masses and localized lumps within the breast. The
  lumps may feel firmer, painful and immobile.
  Since the tumors grow without aid from the
  connective tissue, they may result in changes on
  the breasts surface. The tumors disrupt the
  ducts leading to the nipple resulting in a
  discharge from the nipples.

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• Again, breast cancer can spread to other tissues
  such as the liver, the bones, and the lungs a
  condition known as metastasis. Dysfunction of the
  lungs causes troubled breathing and pneumonia,
  problems with the liver resulting in issues with
  blood clotting and jaundice while bone problems
  lead to easy fracturing.

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Treatment

• Treatment of breast cancer involves several
  stages and includes a multidisciplinary team
  ranging from a surgeon, radiologist, a dietitian,
  to a psychologist. Determining the best treatment
  for the patient, again, depends on the type of
  breast cancer (whether invasive or non-invasive),
  the stage of cancer, the patients general health
  and age, and whether the cancer cells are
  sensitive to hormones or not.

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The main treatment options include

• Surgery which may involve removing only the
  affected tumor, or surgically removing the
  breast.
• Radiation therapy controlled levels of
  radiation are directed at the tumor to destroy
  the cancerous cells.

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• Chemotherapy medication known as cytotoxic
  drugs are prescribed.
• Hormone therapy used mostly after surgery for
  cancers that are sensitive to hormones to prevent
  cancer recurrence.
• Biological treatment a monoclonal antibody that
  targets and destroys cancer cells.

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Outcomes and Side Effects of Cancer Treatment

• There are many side effects linked to cancer
  treatment. The most frequent ones are sudden
  weight loss, hair loss, vomiting, nausea,
  fatigue, a higher susceptibility to infections,
  and sore mouth.

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