CCAF Project number: S02-13-06 Canadian Arctic Archipelago ocean and ice conditions

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BIOs CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and
instrumentation work November 2006
Simon Prinsenberg, Jim Hamilton and Peter Rhines
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3 - Instrumentation
1 - Field work Data
4 - Chemistry
2 - Modelling
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Field/Data Jim Hamilton Muray Scotney Roger
Petipas Peter Rhines Modelling Charles
Hannah Dave Greenberg Youyu Lu Fred Dupont
Instrumentation George Fowler Brain
Beamlands Greg Siddall Peter Rhines Chemistry
Kumico Atzuo-Scott
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Projects aim is to monitor and simulate The
fluxes through the CAA as part of the
Arctic-Atlantic ocean conveyor belt circulation
CAA- Canadian Arctic Archipelago Barrow Strait -
Lancaster Sound
From G. Holloway
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Three major straits through the CAA Survey
area (red Box) Grid show the diagnostic finite
element model domain (20058 elements)
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Observation Problems Magnetic north pole Mobile
ice cover
North Pole
Modelling Problems Complex topography Lack of
bathymetric and oceanographic data
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Lancaster Sound year-long mooring 2004-05
south
north
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• Software and hardware to measure current
  direction
• in Low-horizontal Magnetic field with mid-water
  floats

by Jim Hamilton
ADCP with role/tilt compass
Magnetic direction 88O in CAA Vertical
direction 90O
normally
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Measuring current direction in Low-horizontal
Magnetic field

• Watson Compass provides role-tilt and magnetic
  Pole direction
• This provides current magnetic direction data
• Corrected by Resolute magnetic data for
  wandering magnetic North Pole .
• To finally provide current direction to true
  north
• Special data processing

2004
Magnetic North
True North
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Lancaster sound survey -
Deployment of ADCP and battery pack
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ULS mounted between two A2-SUBs Ice draft
measurements (2sec. data)
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Lancaster Sound August 2004

• First 6-years of field data

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Ocean statistics from time series data Surface
current Barrow Strait 3 month average from
bi-hourly data
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Ocean and pack ice statistics from time series
data Plots? Tables? Website? Currents at
80m Barrow Strait 3 month average from bi-hourly
data
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Ocean and pack ice statistics from time series
data Plots? Tables? Website? Ice
velocity Barrow Strait 3 month average from
bi-hourly data
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Ice draft plot monthly max., mean and Std.
Dev. from 2sec time series data
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Weekly and monthly fluxes for Aug. 98 to July 05
(7 years of data) (seasonal weighted 2/3
southern site data and 1/3 northern site data)
Summer
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Yearly and seasonal mean estimated fluxes
passing through Lancaster Sound in units of Sv (
106m3/s).
Year Fall Winter Spring Summer
1998/99 Volume 0.4 -0.0 0.4 0.5 0.7
Freshw. 0.03 0.0 0.03 0.03 0.04
1999/00 Volume 0.9 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.3
Freshw. 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.08
2000/01 Volume 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2
Freshw. 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07
2001/02 Volume 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.9
Freshw. 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.07
2002/03 Volume 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.1
Freshw. 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.9
2003/04 Volume 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.2
Freshw. 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.09
2004/05 Volume 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9
Freshw. 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.-6
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Monthly mean volume flux through eastern Barrow
Strait derived from 6-year of mooring data (Aug.
1998 Aug. 2004).
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Transports from mooring data and their
variability NAO

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2 - Modelling
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Modelling Problems Complex topography Lack of
bathymetric and oceanographic data
D. Greenberg, C. Hannah F. Dupont
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Summer surface currents (arrows) for -10cm
Baffin Bay set-up color code is for depth
contours
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Ice concentration during the 1 year run coupled
to AIM
Sep 89
June 1990
July 1990
Sep 1990
August 1990
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Surface ocean current during the 1 year run
coupled to AIM
Dec 89
Sep 89
Mars 90
June 1990
Sep 1990
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WebTide C. Hannah
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WebTide Tidal Currents Future wind effects
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Increased grids 3-4km at transect Good for
shore erosion, ship mooring sites and harbours
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Large scale Ice-ocean Model (DFO and IPY)

• Ocean module based on NEMO (OPA) and CICE ice
  module
• Domain covers Arctic Ocean and sub-polar NA a
  subset of global 1/4º MERCATOR grids
• Minimum grid size 6 km in CAA and maximum15 km in
  Arctic Ocean and up to 40 vertical levels
• 480x468x40 grids
• Youyu LU

Ice thickness
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3 - Instrumentation
3 - Instrumentation
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ICYCLER 2
ICYCLER Surface layer CTD profiler moored
beneath mobile pack ice
25m
50m
By George Fowler
Problem Can not moor instruments in surface
layer because of mobile ice cover, and yet there
is where the large variability in the
oceanographic parameters occur.
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ICYCLER 1 provided yearlong CTD-Chl data set
2003-2004 from Lancaster Sound
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Yearlong Aug 2003- Aug 2004
Fluorescence
Temperature
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Freshwater flux is underestimated by 30m MicroCat
data
season days ICYCLER MCat DeltaS. V cm/s ? fw
Sum03 40 29.83 31.13 -1.40 35 -28
Fall03 91 30.42 31.23 -0.81 15 -19
Win04 91 31.25 31.41 -0.16 07 -04
Spr04 91 31.43 31.74 -0.31 08 -10
Sum04 42 31.08 31.76 -0.68 15 -18
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(No Transcript)
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SeaMotor
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Lost-found ICYCLER
Seacat pressure data
Aug. 04 Aug. 06
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• Profiler line spooled out
• Buoyancy tank imploded but sealed
• Baterry dead and Corrosion

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4 - Chemistry
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How to use oxygen isotope composition (d18O) to
quantify the fresh water compositions
Salinity
heavy oxygen (O-18) enriched
0
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0
Sea-ice meltwater
seawater
d18O ()
Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial
meltwater)
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light oxygen (O-16) enriched
Water is a mixture of seawater and sea-ice
meltwater
Water is a mixture of seawater and meteoric water
Water is a mixture of seawater, meteoric water
and sea-ice meltwater
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How to use Total Alkalinity to quantify the fresh
water compositions
Seawater
2300
River runoff
Total Alkalinity
Sea Ice, rain, snow meltwater
0
0
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salinity
Water is a mixture of seawater and river runoff
Water is a mixture of seawater and sea ice
meltwater
Water is a mixture of seawater, river runoff and
sea-ice meltwater
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Barrow Strait
Seasonality ? Time series data
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Yearlong water sampler to determine d18O
MicroLab by Environtech
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• Where are we heading with the CAA research
• Moorings in until August 2007?????
• Modelling effort reduced at moment effort on data
  processing
• Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear PERD
  (by early 2007)
• Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear IPY
  (by early 2007)