Outside the nucleus, the beta decay {image} will not occur because the neutron and electron have more total mass than the proton. This process can occur within the nucleus, if we consider the mass-energy changes of the entire nuclear system, not just the

1
Outside the nucleus, the beta decay image will
not occur because the neutron and electron have
more total mass than the proton. This process can
occur within the nucleus, if we consider the
mass-energy changes of the entire nuclear system,
not just the individual particles. What is a
reasonable mean lifetime for free protons?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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2
Find the unknown atomic number and mass number
respectively, for the following reaction image

1. 56, 140
2. 56, 141
3. 141, 56
4. 140, 57
5. 55, 120

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3
Find the number of nuclei per unit volume image
for europium. image image image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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4
The nuclear scattering cross-sections of neutrons
depend most strongly on the neutron's _____.

1. volume
2. area
3. charge
4. mass
5. speed

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5
What energy does a thermal neutron have?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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6
A neutron is characterized by the term "cold
neutron" when _____.

1. its energy is of the order image where image
   is on the order of image
2. its energy is of the order image where image
   is on the order of image
3. its energy is of the order image where image
   is on the order of image
4. its energy is of the order image where image
   is on the order of image
5. its energy is of the order image where image
   is on the order of image

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7
How much energy (in MeV) is released when a
image fissions to image and image in the
reaction image image image image image
image

1. 230
2. 210
3. 60
4. 250
5. 160

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8
Approximately how much uranium (in kg) must
undergo fission per day to provide 2,200 MW of
power? (Assume an efficiency of 29). The nuclear
reaction is image image image image
image image

1. 3.4
2. 7.9
3. 5.3
4. 0.3
5. 1.9

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9
What is the average kinetic energy (in keV) of an
ion that has a temperature of image

1. 19
2. 26
3. 30
4. 9
5. 3

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10
A self-sustained chain reaction occurs when the
reproduction constant, image is equal to _____.

1. 3.0
2. 2.5
3. 1.0
4. 5.0
5. 0.9

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11
Approximately how fast is an ion of helium moving
if it is in a plasma with a temperature of
image image and image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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12
What energy is needed (in keV) so two deuterium
atoms moving together will reach image ?

1. 200
2. 1,300
3. 21
4. 30
5. 36

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13
How fast must two deuterium atoms be moving so
they can overcome the Coulomb force of repulsion,
and attain image ? image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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14
A principal mechanism for energy loss during
nuclear fusion is bremsstrahlung. What is this
loss associated with?

1. radiation losses due to image losses
2. x-rays emitted due to electron-ion collisions
3. diminution of ion density image
4. conduction losses associated with image
5. neutron collisions with atoms of moderator

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15
How can one roentgen be defined?

1. the amount of ionizing radiation that will
   produce image of electric charge in image of
   air under standard conditions
2. the amount of radiation needed for fusion process
3. the amount of of emitted radiation when an atom
   makes a transition from the excited to the ground
   energy state
4. the amount of radiation that deposits 1 erg of
   energy in 1 g of air
5. the number of rads of x-radiation or gamma
   radiation that produces the same biological
   damage as 1 rad of the radiation being used

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16
Calculate the thickness (in mm) of lead which
reduces the intensity of a beam of x-rays whose
wavelength is 60 pm by a factor of five. (The
linear absorption coefficient of lead is image
for x-rays of wavelength image

1. 0.30
2. 7.3
3. 8.9
4. 0.33
5. 0.37

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17
How can a rem (roentgen equivalent in man) be
defined?

1. the product of the dose in roentgen and the RBE
   factor
2. the quotient of the dose in rad by energy of
   radiation
3. the product of the dose in rad and the RBE factor
4. the dose in rad times the dose in roentgen
5. the dose in RBE

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18
Which of the following is not a radiation
detector?

1. spark chamber
2. cloud chamber
3. control rod
4. proportional counter
5. semiconductor-diode detector

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19
What is the most likely result when a fast
neutron collides with a hydrogen or deuterium
nucleus?

1. The neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic
   energy, the loss being greatest for head-on
   collisions.
2. The neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic
   energy, the gain being greatest for oblique
   collisions.
3. The neutron is absorbed by the hydrogen or
   deuterium nucleus.
4. The neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic
   energy, the gain being greatest for head-on
   collisions.
5. The neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic
   energy, the loss being greatest for oblique
   collisions.

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20
In order to control a nuclear reactor, control
rods can be pulled out of or pushed into the
reactor core by remote control. These rods
control the reactor by _____.

1. speeding up slow neutrons so the neutrons can be
   absorbed by image
2. slowing down fast neutrons so they cannot
   initiate further fusion reactions in image
3. capturing thermal neutrons so they cannot
   initiate further fission reactions in image
4. speeding up fast neutrons so they cannot initiate
   further fusion reactions in image
5. slowing down the fast neutrons so the neutrons
   can be absorbed by image

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21
Radiant energy reaching the Earth from the sun is
not sufficient to keep the Earth's surface
temperature comfortable for life. What is the
most likely source of the additional thermal
energy?

1. Fission of radioactive nuclei inside the Earth.
2. Fusion of hydrogen nuclei in the Earth's core.
3. Nuclear reactors.
4. Fusion of high image nuclei in the Earth's
   core.
5. Fission of radioactive nuclei in cosmic rays.

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22
Background radiation from cosmic rays and
radioactive nuclei in our surroundings is about
0.13 rem/year. Suppose we assume this all comes
from cosmic rays which have an RBE factor of 1.0.
The RBE factor for the dangerous types of
radiation is 13. How many rads of the dangerous
radiation could a 50-year-old person have been
exposed to in her lifetime without having gone
over the recommended limit of 0.5 rem/year?

1. 4.7
2. 38
3. 0.68
4. 1.4
5. 2.33

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23
Radioactive technetium, a gamma emitter, is taken
up by the heart muscle in a medical test. What
could be the detector for the radiation emitted
from the heart?

1. medical fiberscope
2. photoelectric tube
3. gyroscope camera
4. proportional counter
5. polaroid filter

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24
What type is the reaction image ?

1. photon capture
2. positron capture
3. alpha capture
4. electron capture
5. neutron emission

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25
When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into
fragments of mass image and image what is the
ratio of the velocity of image to the velocity
of image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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26
When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into
fragments of mass image and image what is the
ratio of the momentum of image to the momentum
of image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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27
What power output does a radioactive sample with
decay rate image and decay energy image have?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. Equal to any of the above
5. Equal to first and second above

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28
When a beam of nuclear radiation of initial
intensity image passes through a thickness
image of material, what is the intensity
image of the beam exiting the material?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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29
A beam of 2-MeV gamma rays incident on a piece of
image thick lead is reduced by 62 of its
initial value. How thick must the lead be to
reduce the beam to 2 of its initial value?

1. 3.5 cm
2. 4.1 cm
3. 1.0 cm
4. 1.8 cm
5. 3.8 cm

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30
Which of the following is a possible set of
products for a image fission reaction in which
two neutrons are released?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image

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31
When a nucleus undergoes fission, the two
daughter nuclei are generally radioactive. By
which process are they most likely to decay?

1. Alpha decay.
2. Beta decay image
3. Beta decay image

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32
Which of the following are possible fission
reactions?

1. image
2. image
3. image

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33
Which of the following has the function of
slowing down fast neutrons?

1. Control rods.
2. Moderator.
3. Fuel elements.

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34
To reduce the value of the reproduction constant
image you should _____.

1. push the control rods deeper into the core
2. pull the control rods farther out of the core

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35
In the core of a star, hydrogen nuclei combine in
fusion reactions. Once the hydrogen has been
exhausted, fusion of helium nuclei can occur.
Once the helium is used up, if the star is
sufficiently massive, fusion of heavier and
heavier nuclei can occur. Consider fusion
reactions involving two nuclei with the same
value of A. For these types of reactions, which
of the following values of A are impossible?

1. 12
2. 20
3. 28
4. 64

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36
List the nuclear reactions required to produce
image from image under fast neutron
bombardment.

1. image image
2. image image
3. image image
4. image image
5. image image

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