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Potential of Solar Energy

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Title: Potential of Solar Energy


1
Europe India Chamber of Commerce (EICC)- Europe
meets India Challenges and Opportunities
Brussels 9th October 2006
  • Potential of Solar Energy
  • in India
  • to
  • Achieve Energy Security
  • BY
  • DR. PRABHU KULKARNI
  • Soltech UK Limited
  • Belfast, N. IRELAND
  • E-mail prabhu.kulkarni_at_ireland.com

2
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006 Prabhu Kulkarni
  • Solar PV energy applications outside India
  • Opportunities for India to
  • Leapfrog technology,
  • Achieve energy security and
  • Create high employment
  • Considerable saving in import of oil and
  • generate exports and employment as good as, if
    not better, than the ICT sector
  • How it is done in the world

3
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar Energy
Potential Kwh/m2 energy availability from
the Sun Prabhu Kulkarni
4
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
5
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
  • Germany Solar Data
  • No. of Sunny days/year 95
  • Highest daytime temp. 22-280C
  • Lowest daytime temp. 2-60C
  • Solar insolation kwh/m2 1050-1200
  • PV electricity 2005 (MW) 837 MW

6
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006 Prabhu Kulkarni
  • Germany's PV market installations grew 53 to 837
    Megawatt in 2005, corresponding to 57 of the
    world market so far
  • Japan produced 167 MW and the USA, mostly
    California, produced 102.2 MW PV energy
  • Total EU production of PV energy in 2005 was 1070
    MW

7
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Total Installed Capacity in EU
countries in 2004
In 2004 installed capacity of solar PV in the EU
countries is higher than India. Most European
countries have about 80 to 100 sunny days in a
year EU Total 1010.13 MW Germany
798.00 MW Netherlands 49.08 MW Spain
37.70 MW Italy 30.70 MW Rest
EU 50.95 MW India 45.00 MW
8
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • India has ideal solar conditions for applications
    of PV technology nearly similar to California,
    Spain and Australia and far better than Germany
  • India needs a political will to introduce
    attractive incentive package for renewable energy
    projects and to engage thriving middle classes
    and innovative businesses in this technology

9
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • It appears that the planners in India view solar
    energy only as a solution to rural or remote area
    electrification
  • All forms modern renewable energy sources,
    including Solar energy, are difficult to use in
    rural India due to
  • high initial investments and
  • dependence on storage for the night use and lack
    of grid connections as a back-up system
  • However involvement of prosperous middle classes
    and enterprising business community in Solar
    energy applications will transform the Indian
    renewable energy sector

10
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • Solar Data
    India Germany
  • No. of Sunny days/year 300-320
    95
  • Highest daytime temp. 35-480C
    22-280C
  • Lowest daytime temp. 10-250C
    2-60C
  • Solar insolation kwh/m2 1900-2100
    1050-1200
  • PV electricity 2005 (MW) 55 MW
    837 MW

11
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • Total installed PV capacity in 2004 in India was
    45 MW
  • This mostly covers small applications like
    motorway phones, solar cookers, solar lanterns
    and street lights
  • A handful of large scale applications are of 25
    to 200 kW capacity
  • There are no commercial scale applications
    similar to USA, Japan or EU

12
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • 20 to 30 Urban Indians use about 80 of the
    commercial energy produced in India
  • Nearly all of this urban population posses a
    back-up diesel generators of varying capacity or
    domestic invertors to reduce impact of power
    shedding and irregular power cuts

13
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities London, - City Hall goes
solar- September 14, 2006
  • Londons City Hall has been granted planning
    permission to install state-of-the art
    photovoltaic solar panels generating
    non-polluting energy
  • Southwark Council has approved the planning
    application for a unique photovoltaic system,
    which has been specially designed to compliment
    the rounded shape of the Foster and Partners
    designed building
  • The panels will provide 70 kW of renewable
    energy, generating 3.1 million kWh of renewable
    electricity over their lifetime. The panels will
    reduce the CO2 emissions of City Hall by 3,000
    tonnes in its lifetime

14
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities WORLDS Mega PV ENERGY PROJECT-
Germany
  • August 5, 2006
  • City Solar Constructs 20 Megawatts of PV Systems
    in Spain- Bad Kreuznach, Germany
  • 200 individual installations producing 100 KW
    each- overall capacity of 20 MW The solar park
    will be completed by late summer 2007
  • Overall area of 500,000 m2, equal to the size of
    71 football grounds almost 100,000
    polycrystalline modules will be installed to
    provide annually about 30 million KWh SP power

15

EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities How do they do it?
  • The EU, US, and Japan experience suggest that
    growth in use of renewable energy is higher in
    those states that offer better incentives such as
    grants, subsidies and tax reduction

16
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Energy Act 2000
  • In 2002 the purchase price of solar PV energy to
    producers was fixed at O.48/kWh with an annual
    reduction of 5
  • Every single unit of PV electricity produced is
    counted as a grid connected unit and paid
    accordingly
  • Similar to Germany a number of other EU
    countries, with a successful renewable energy
    industry, have introduced incentives for solar
    energy projects, latest is the France in August
    2006

17

EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Solar Energy initiatives
  • Between 1998 and 2003 the German Government
    offered 1.4 billion in grants and soft loans and
    tax cuts to the renewable energy industries and
    users in Germany
  • This attracted 6.2 billion private investment
  • Created RE energy with annual turnover of 9.2
    billion and over 135,000 jobs in Germany
  • In 2005 the German domestic and commercial PV
    installation increased by 53

18

EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities German Renewable Energy Act 2000
  • Obligations on Grid operators
  • They must provide a connect facility and give to
    the Producers of Renewable Energy, a priority in
    their operation
  • Pay fixed rates for the renewable energy higher
    than the rates paid to the conventional energy
    suppliers, and
  • Pay the cost of grid expansion that may be
    required

19
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives- No 2 in World
  •  
  • California initiative of February 2006, is
    expected to increase rooftop solar PV installed
    peak time capacity to 3,000 MW in the next ten
    years
  • An investment of US 2.9 billion is expected
    create 40,000 to 60,000 new skilled jobs and will
    benefit the Californian economy by 18-20 billion
    annually

20
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives
  • The main provisions are that
  • for every watt of solar PV installed, the
    customer will receive 2.8 refund
  • This amounts to about 40-45 of the installation
    cost
  • Average electricity requirement of a California
    residence is about 3-5kw installed capacity
  • The rebate will be reduced by 10 annually and
    will end in ten years  

21
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives
  • There is cap of 2000 for residential customers,
    There is no cap on the existing tax credits for
    the commercial customers
  • A typical commercial PV installation is about
    300- 500 kW
  • They will qualify for a combined benefit of
    subsidy and tax credit equal to about 60-70
    refund on investments

22
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 2006 California Solar energy
initiatives
  •  
  • All domestic and commercial customers are
    eligible to participate and 10 funding is set
    aside for the low income customers
  • The Programme web site www.cpuc.ca.gov

23
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Florida Incentives for new solar
program
  • 100 million fund will be available to
    Businesses, non-profit organizations and
    residential customers as a rebates to install
    solar PV or thermal water heating
  • It establishes an initial rebate level of 4/W
    declining by 50/ year
  • The starting rebate level will increase to 5/W
    for panels manufactured Florida
  • Maximum rebates is 20,000 for residential
    customers and 100,000 for commercial and non-
    profits organisations

24
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Phoenix Arizona - September 23,
2005
  • Arizona (CPP) scheme
  • customers receive up to 4 /watt or up to 50
    percent of the PV installation cost for
    grid-connected systems and up to 2 per watt for
    off-grid systems without limit
  • In addition customers receives up to 700 for
    solar water heating systems
  • An additional 2 million are available for APS
    customers to install residential or commercial
    solar energy systems

25
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities UK Energy Act 2003
  • The present UK Energy Act (2003) offers support
    similar to the best in the EU for Renewable
    energy projects
  • The government has a target to reduce the UKs
    GHG emissions by 20 by 2012
  • The benefit offered to investors in PV range
    between 40 and 60 grant to small and medium
    scale companies and up to 70 to private users
  • The UK 2004 grants scheme is expected to increase
    growth in use of solar PV and thermal
    technologies to the EU level in the next ten years

26
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • Experience of Germany, Japan, USA and other
    Western Countries show that the solar technology
    is more suitable for commercialised major cities
    and urban areas
  • Solar PV technology has potential in India to
    provide about 60 to 80 of energy needs during
    the day time and the peak hours
  • SME businesses
  • public and private organisations
  • middle high income family homes

27
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • It appears that the planners in India view solar
    energy only as a solution to rural or remote area
    electrification
  • All forms modern renewable energy sources,
    including Solar energy, are difficult to use in
    rural India due to
  • high initial investments and
  • dependence on storage for the night use and lack
    of grid connections as a back-up system
  • However involvement of prosperous middle classes
    and enterprising business community in Solar
    energy applications will transform the Indian
    renewable energy sector

28
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • It is possible that with attractive incentives
    like Germany, EU or California
  • Investment of US 3 billion we can release the
    economic potential of people to create a multi
    billion dollar industry to reduce fuel imports
    and satisfy increasing energy demands
  • Like California India can also produce 3,000 MW
    of peak time electricity in urban areas
  • This is equal to 2 or 3 Nuclear power plants
    which cost about 20 billion each

29
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • Recent MNES advertisement in the national papers
    for the soft loans to general public without
    conditions or restrictions of income is a step in
    the right direction
  • If taken up by one million people in India then
    the government is likely save equilevallent about
    890,000 barrels of oil annually
  • It is likely to result in an annual saving of
    about Rs. 260 Crore if oil price remain _at_ 65/b

30
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • Impact of German or California style incentive in
    India will be unimaginable
  • Induction of about 3 billion in tax incentives,
    soft loans and grants to the educational
    institutions and government buildings and private
    users will transform energy consumption pattern
    in India
  • One million homes in a year, using solar energy
    during the day will reduce Indias oil imports by
    over US 300 billion per year for over 30 years

31
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Solar PV in India- Opportunities
  • It will generate exports and employment as good
    as, if not better, than the ICT sector
  • Create a hundreds of thousands of jobs in
    component manufacturing
  • System installation and service industry
  • Earn substantial funds in carbon trading
  • Create sizable export industry
  • US proposes to create 2 million, EU plans over1
    million new job in this field by 2015 and Germany
    has created over 150,000

32

Can we afford to neglect our Suryadev? Can we
afford to neglect our solar resources? Can we
achieve energy security so easily in any other
way ?
33
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 10 MW for rooftops of tire maker
Michelin- January, 2005
  • German Voltwerk AG is building four PV systems
    with a total of 10 MW on tire manufacturer
    Michelin's production hall and warehouse
  • The PV company sees the move as part of a trend
    away from systems on undeveloped areas and onto
    roofs
  • -----------------------------------------
  • Roof protection Protective mats are used to
    keep the roof watertight aluminium trays are
    weighted down with gravel to prevent modules from
    blowing away due to heavy winds.

34
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 189 kWp Lehrter Central Railway
Station Berlin 2003 by Engcotec
35
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Aerial view of 3.7 MW roof top
system
  • BP Solar has completed construction solar power
    system on four warehouse roofs owned by the
    Fischer family in Kronwieden in Bavaria.

36
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 70 MW PV power plant planned in
Germany - August, 2006
  • In the 1930s and '40s the German Air Force
    experimented on this site later, it was occupied
    by the Red Army
  • Now solar energy is the future at the Brandis
    airfield near Leipzig
  • construction will start this year and be finished
    by 2009

37
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
  • Football stadium Freiburg, Germany

38
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities BIPV on Commercial Building-
Freiburg, Germany
39
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
  • Potential

40
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Oakland, CA, USA FedEx
Californias Largest Corporate SPV
41
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities 309kW SPV US Navy HQ in Hawaii,
USA
42
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities155 kilowatt solar PV San Rafael,
CA, USA
  • The Kentfield School District, with dedicate a
    155 kilowatt solar PV system for the elementary
    school campus in San Rafael, CA, USA
  • It will provides 100 of its electric needs

43
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities A Company HQ in Vermont, USA
44
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Florida's new solar program in
first year
  • With its first PV incentive program since 2001,
    when this system was installed, Florida is once
    again trying to apply its nickname to its energy
    production.

45
EICC-Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Brussels 9th October
2006
  • 1 MW SPV in Switzerland

46
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities The newly renovated EAR Tower in
Pristina, Kosovo
47
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities SBIPV on Commercial Building-
France,
48
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Highway solar in Japan

49
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities BIPV IN Osaka Japan- Solar Watt,
Germany
50
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Colt system, ECN building 31 in
Netherlands
  • Colt system, ECN building 31 in Netherlands

51
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities Close up of Colt system in
Netherlands
52
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
53
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
54
EICC- Europe meets India Challenges and
Opportunities
55
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