The chemical nature of cells cont'

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The chemical nature of cells cont.
Inorganic molecules Water H20 Organic
molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucle
ic Acids
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The chemical nature of cells cont.
Inorganic molecules Water H20 Organic
molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucle
ic Acids
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Carbohydrates
Monomer C6H12O6 Sugars Monosaccharides
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Monomer C6H12O6 Sugars Monosaccharides
ONE
SUGAR
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Monomer C6H12O6 Sugars Monosaccharides ie
glucose, fructose, glacatose, ribose
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Polymer
Monomer
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
C12H22O11 H20
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Polymer
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
C12H22O11 H20
Disaccharide
Monomer
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Polymer
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
C12H22O11 H20 Monosaccharide
Disaccharide Monosaccharide

Monomer
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Polymer
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
C12H22O11 H20 Monosaccharide
Disaccharide Monosaccharide

Monomer
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE
TWO SUGAR
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There are two classes of carbohydrate Simple
and Complex Simple Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
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There are two classes of carbohydrate Simple
and Complex Simple Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides and Complex
Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
MANY SUGAR
Therefore polysaccharides are polymers (and many
are insoluble)
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Glucose
is the most common monomer in polysaccharides
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Glucose
is the most common monomer in polysaccharides
These important polysaccharides are comprised
entirely of C6H12O6
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Glucose
is the most common monomer in polysaccharides
These important polysaccharides are comprised
entirely of C6H12O6 Glycogen form of
carbohydrate storage in animals formed around a
protein molecule primer
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Glucose
is the most common monomer in polysaccharides
These important polysaccharides are comprised
entirely of C6H12O6 Glycogen form of
carbohydrate storage in animals Starch form of
carbohydrate storage in plants
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Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Glucose
is the most common monomer in polysaccharides
These important polysaccharides are comprised
entirely of C6H12O6 Glycogen form of
carbohydrate storage in animals Starch form of
carbohydrate storage in plants Cellulose
carbohydrate used for structural support in plants
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in animals
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in
animals After digestion, glucose is absorbed
into the bloodstream.
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in
animals After digestion, glucose is absorbed
into the bloodstream. In the liver, these
glucose molecules bond together to form long
branched chains around a protein primer
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in
animals After digestion, glucose is absorbed
into the bloodstream. In the liver, these
glucose molecules bond together to form long
branched chains around a protein primer The
overall shape of this polysaccharide is circular
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in
animals After digestion, glucose is absorbed
into the bloodstream. In the liver, these
glucose molecules bond together to form long
branched chains around a protein primer The
overall shape of this polysaccharide is
circular Glycogen is stored in liver and muscle
tissue, approx 100g in the average human liver,
300g in muscle.
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Glycogen Form of energy storage in
animals After digestion, glucose is absorbed
into the bloodstream. In the liver, these
glucose molecules bond together to form long
branched chains around a protein primer The
overall shape of this polysaccharide is
circular Glycogen is stored in liver and muscle
tissue, approx 100g in the average human liver,
300g in muscle. Once glycogen storage has
reached capacity excess glucose is converted to
fat
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Sunlight Chlorophyll
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Sunlight Chlorophyll
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Used in cellular respiration to produce ATP
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Used in cellular respiration to produce ATP
Converted to sucrose and transported
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Used in cellular respiration to produce ATP
Converted to sucrose and transported
Used to form part of the organisms structure or
other substance such as nectar
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Used in cellular respiration to produce ATP
Anything left?
Converted to sucrose and transported
This leftover is converted to starch
Used to form part of the organisms structure or
other substance such as nectar
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch 6C02 6H20 C6H12O6 6O2
Anything left?
Converted to sucrose and transported
This leftover is converted to starch
Often to places to be converted and stored as
starch, such as tubers, rhizomes and leaves
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch Glucose molecules are joined together
to form spiral chains. This is branched liked
glycogen though not as heavily
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch Glucose molecules are joined together
to form spiral chains. This is branched liked
glycogen though not as heavily These spiral
chains form grains of starch
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch Glucose molecules are joined together
to form spiral chains. This is branched liked
glycogen though not as heavily These spiral
chains form grains of starch Starch is insoluble
therefore can be stored easily within a
cell. This does not effect the osmotic potential
of the cell
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Starch Form of energy storage in plants Net
excess of glucose from photosynthesis is stored
as starch Glucose molecules are joined together
to form spiral chains. This is branched liked
glycogen though not as heavily These spiral
chains form grains of starch Starch is insoluble
therefore can be stored easily within a
cell. This does not effect the osmotic potential
of the cell Easily converted to a disaccharide,
sucrose, for transportation to where it is
required
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Cellulose Forms a structural polysaccharide
(C6H10O5)n
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Cellulose Forms a structural polysaccharide
(C6H10O5)n Found in the cell wall of every
plant, the most abundant organic molecule on the
planet
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Cellulose Forms a structural polysaccharide
(C6H10O5)n Found in the cell wall of every
plant, the most abundant organic molecule on the
plant Glucose molecules are joined together to
form very long, unbranched chains.
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Cellulose Forms a structural polysaccharide
(C6H10O5)n Found in the cell wall of every
plant, the most abundant organic molecule on the
plant Glucose molecules are joined together to
form very long, unbranched chains. These chains
form bundles that are tough and fibrous and
provide structural support for the cell / plant
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Cellulose Forms a structural polysaccharide
(C6H10O5)n Found in the cell wall of every
plant, the most abundant organic molecule on the
plant Glucose molecules are joined together to
form very long, unbranched chains. These chains
form bundles that are tough and fibrous and
provide structural support for the cell /
plant Soooooo tough, that when eaten by a
herbivore often the cellulose cell walls need to
be first digested by symbiotic bacteria before
the herbivore (cow) can access the nutrients
inside.
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