Historical Development of Outdoor Recreation

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Historical Development of Outdoor Recreation

• NR 230
• K. Kellogg-Campbell

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I. Early Developments in the United States

• Early Conservation Movements
• Forest Management- conserve wood near settlements
• 1626- Plymouth colony- ordinance passed to
  prohibit cutting timber without official consent.
• Acquisition of community forests- firewood,
  building structures.
• 1799- U.S. Congress appropriated 200,000 to
  purchase timber lands- ship building purposes.

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• 2. Wildlife Management- conserve and protect
  wildlife
• 1776- by the end of the Revolutionary War
  colonies were realizing the need to control the
  shooting of game
• 1844- NY Sportsmans Club was established, they
  purchased land for private hunting- conserve and
  manage this land
• 1871- Congress passed a bill to protect bison,
  (their slaughter was used to control the fate of
  many Native American tribes).
• 1905- Federal government organized and funded the
  Dept. of Biological Survey which later became
  known as the U.S. Dept. of Fish Wildlife

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• 3. Land Conservation- movement to conserve
  unique natural areas
• 1872- President Grant set aside 3348 sq. miles of
  land that eventually became Yellowstone National
  Park
• Theodore Roosevelt- the most influential U.S.
  President in the area of wilderness conservation
  and management (15.6 million acres of forest were
  set aside as forest reserves)
• Gifford Pinchot- developed the concept of
  sustained yield forestry
• 1899- Congress passed a law that allowed
  recreational use of forests, first law to
  recognize the recreational value of forests.

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II. Conservation Movement in the United States

• Congress passed many laws to conserve the use of
  natural resources
• 1. 1902 Reclamation Act- Provided government
  aid to assist in the development of water
  resources.
• Bureau of Reclamation

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• 2. 1906 Antiquities Act- paved the way to set
  aside national monuments
• That any person who shall appropriate, excavate,
  injure, or destroy any historic or prehistoric
  ruin or monument, or any object of antiquity,
  situated on lands owned or controlled by the
  Government of the United States, without the
  permission of the Secretary of the Department of
  the Government having jurisdiction over the lands
  on which said antiquities are situated, shall,
  upon conviction, be fined in a sum of not more
  than five hundred dollars or be imprisoned for a
  period of not more than ninety days, or shall
  suffer both fine and imprisonment, in the
  discretion of the court.

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3. 1915 Term-Lease Law

• Authorized issuance of a long-term permit for
  summer homes, motels and other structures needed
  for recreation and public convenience on national
  forest lands.

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4. 1916 National Park Service was established a.
Purpose- to promote and regulate federal areas
(National parks, monuments, conserve scenery,
natural objects, and historic objects) Stephen
Mather 1st Director
5. 1934 Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act-
Required duck hunters to purchase a Duck Stamp
which provided funds to purchase national
wildlife refuges.
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6. 1937 Pittman-Robertson Act- provided an excise
tax on firearms and other equipment used in
outdoor recreation a. Collected from the
manufacturers b. used to purchase, develop,
maintain and operate wildlife areas for both game
and non-game species

• 7. 1951 Dingell- Johnson Act- (same as
  Pittman-Robertson Act) but for fisheries
  improvement

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8. 1958 Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Act

• b. Created to determine recreational need in
  the United States
• c. Inventory current recreational resources
• d. Determine policies and progress required to
  meet those needs.
• e. Led to national recreational policy in 1962 (
  the ORRRC Report)

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9. 1960 Multi-use and Sustained Yield Act

• a. National Forest are to be administered for
  recreation, range, timber, watershed and
  wildlife, equally.
• b. Use of National Forest not be based on
  dollar return.
• c. More legislation in 1974 and 1976

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10. 1963 Outdoor Recreation Act

• a. Secretary Of Interior would take specific
  steps to assure adequate outdoor recreation
  opportunities for American people.
• b. To conduct a continuous federal inventory
  and evaluation of Outdoor Recreation needs and
  resources.

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11. 1964 Wilderness Act

• a. Establishment of National Wilderness
  Preservation System protecting areas in their
  natural condition
• b. Originally 9.1 million acres in 54 areas of
  the U.S.
• c. Now 107,436,608 million Acres in 702 areas

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National Wilderness Areas

• www.wilderness.net

• California Facts
• State acres 99,823,000
• Largest wilderness Death Valley Wilderness
• Acres of wilderness 14,335,873
• Smallest wilderness Farallon Wilderness
• Wildernesses 137
• Managing agencies BLM, FWS, FS, NPS

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12. 1968 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act

• Certain rivers and their corridors be protected
  in their present condition.
• Over 170 segments of wild rivers

• California
• (6) Wild and Scenic Rivers
• (78 miles) of River
• Managed by the BLM

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• Western Wild and Scenic Rivers

GORP - Central California Wild and Scenic Rivers
Map
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13. 1968 National Trails System Act

• Create trail system for public enjoyment of
  national and state forests and recreational areas
• Refunded in 1998

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14. 1969 National Environmental Policy Act

• Encouraged harmony between people and environment
• Established council on Environmental quality
• Highlighted ecological balance within the total
  environment approach
• Environmental Impact Statements for developments
  of public land.

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15. 1973 Endangered Species Act

• Allowed listing of only native animal species as
  endangered and provided limited means for their
  protection
• Also included preservation of habitats including
  acquiring land for preservation.
• Defined the categories of Endangered and
  Threatened.

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16. 1976 National Forest Management Act
(NFMA)

• Required updated management plans of every
  national forest
• Recognized recreation as an important use of the
  forest.
• Requiring the Secretary of Agriculture to assess
  forest lands, and develop and implement a
  resource management plan

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17. 1981 Heritage Conservation and Recreation
Service (HCRS) is Eliminated

• Comes after Reagan takes office and budget cuts
  affect many federal agencies.

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The 6 Periods of Outdoor Recreation

• 1. (1750 1962) Frontier Period
• 2. (1782 1867) Acquisition Period
• 3. (1802 1934) Transfer and Disposal Period
• 4. (1872-1934) Reservation Period
• 5. (1905 1962) Custodial Management
• 6. (1962 present) Confrontation and
  Partnership

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In Class Activity

• As Acts and Laws are mentioned in lecture they
  are placed along the Recreation History Timeline
• Pictures of different types of recreation are
  also placed along the timeline showing how our
  types of recreation has changed.