Perils of Powerpoint

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Media policy for MA and PDMM
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Well address

• What is policy whats its purpose?

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1.INTERNAL, EXTERNAL
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Typical internal policy areas

• Editorial issues
• Independence, plagiarism, ethics.
• Business issues
• Smoking, leave.

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Typical internal policy gaps

• Editorial issues
• Covering poverty, environment, human rights.
• Business issues
• training, BEE

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Typical external policy

• Broadcasting
• sectors
• local content
• elections
• psb
• Convergence gap.
• Qtn how external is external? (Bridges, Panos,
  Reader 1).

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Some key external issues

• Adapted from Steyn
• Deregulation or re-regulation
• Liberalisation
• Corporatisation/commercialisation
• Privatisation
• Concentration laws

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More external issues in media policy

• Public broadcaster
• Freedom of expression
• Diversity
• Social/cultural issues language, nationhood
• Convergence

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Policy overflow overlap

• Crede and Mansell (p76), WEF sectoral policies
  health, education, etc.

media policy
telecoms policy
ICT policy
industrial policy
technology policy
Berger one policy or one philosophy? James
vertical, horizontal, macro
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2. DEFINITIONS
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What is policy, whats it for?

• How does policy differ from regulation, codes,
  laws?
• Key assumptions distinctions
• a framework, or a plan, or a law?
• to guide, or direct, or govern?
• informal or semiformal, or formal?
• based on values/principles, norms or standards?
• Is yr take weak or medium or strong?

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Think points

• Your definition sheds light on the question
  Whats the point of policy?
• It locates policy in the sequence of
• Vision ( values, assumptions/givens)
• Mission (and broad strategy)
• POLICY (making choices in context)
• Law
• Regulations codes
• Practice

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2. ANALYSIS BY QUESTIONS
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Classic journalists qtns applied to policy

• What is it?
• Who is involved in policy?
• Where are they?
• When are they involved?
• How are they involved?
• Why policy?
• So what?

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What is it about?

• Role of state in comms?
• Media, broadcast, telecoms?
• Standards technical, cultural
• Carriers, integration, connections
• Control and ownerships
• Content and language
• Access complaints, services
• Degree of independence

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What is it in character?

• Formal, or informal?
• Legal or not?
• Effective?
• Measurable?
• Reviewable?

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Who is involved in policy?

• Who makes it?
• govt, regulators, judges, consultants, owners,
  international organisations, directors, editors,
  managers, staff, civil soc, global professionals,
  men . .. (see Lichem)
• Who is affected?
• media, investors, sports groups, telecoms
  companies, citizens

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Where is it?

• Govt, presidency, parliament, party caucusses,
  hearings enquiries, regulator, civil service,
  courts, media, golf courses, London, NY, Geneva.
• Is it in the public sphere or not?

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When policy?

• When made?
• law-making, crises, social and technological
  changes, political pressures, court cases, global
  fashions, conferences
• political will and capacity
• retrospective vs forward looking
• When effected?
• when power bureaucracy active

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How policy?

• Ad hoc, or planned process?
• Role of values, vision, philosophy
• Interests articulated, aggregated
• Role of info and research,
• Participation or not?
• Accountability public opinion.
• Budget and costs factor
• How it is supposed to work
• policy as hypothesis

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Why policy?

• Ans framing power
• to avoid or pre-empt problems. (Note problems
  for who? How IDd?)
• to enable and empower for solutions
• to prioritise allocate resources
• structure promote economic life
• balance conflicting interests
• citizenship, education, nationalism.

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So what about policy?

• Ans to engineer
• knowledge-gap media-tool assumptions
• media-scape, but leakage.
• relates to law, regulation, practice.
• implementation gap issues of budgets,
  resources, capacity.
• visionary stretch vs realistic trim?
• policy overload problems.

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Golding Policy focus
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE


MEDIA CONTENTS
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Golding Policy ethos
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
interventionist
liberal
MEDIA CONTENTS


interventionist
liberal
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Golding Policy systems
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
interventionist
liberal
MEDIA CONTENTS
Authoritarian Free market strong state
Regulatory Libertarian
interventionist
liberal
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Golding Policy systems
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
interventionist
liberal
MEDIA CONTENTS
Authoritarian Free market strong state
Regulatory Libertarian
Note label
interventionist
liberal
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Summing up

• Internal external
• Definitions
• Proper place of policy
• What, who, where, when, how, why and so-what?
• Policy on content, on industry structure
• Interventionist vs liberal ethos, systems
• Reading Berger, Steyn.