Asaad, W.F., Rainer, G. and Miller, E.K. (1998) Neuron, 21:1399-1407.

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Asaad, W.F., Rainer, G. and Miller, E.K. (1998)
Neuron, 211399-1407.
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Movement Direction
Stimulus
Mapping
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
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Prefrontal cortex May mediate learning of
arbitrary associations. Many PF neurons coded
both an object and a currently-associated
directional response. During learning,
information about the cue object and the action
it instructed gradually merged together in PF
activity. This may reflect the role of the PF
cortex in acquiring and representing behavior-guid
ing rules, a function crucial for intelligent,
adaptive behavior.
Asaad, W.F., Rainer, G. and Miller, E.K. (1998)
Neuron, 211399-1407.
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We trained monkeys to switch between two
abstract rules match and nonmatch
Match (bar release)
Match Rule (DMS)
Sample Delay Test
Nonmatch rule(DNMS)
Nonmatch (bar release)
Four samples were used.New objects every day.
Wallis, J.D., Anderson, K.C., and Miller, E.K.
(2000) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.
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Novel objects were used on each day. Therefore,
monkeys neededto learn two abstract rules (match
and nonmatch) that could be applied to any
object. We sought their neural correlate.
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The prefrontal cortex Selectively represents
goal-relevant information (focal attention,
recall).Synthesizes information from diverse
sources to serve a common behavioral goal
(sensory inputs, stored knowledge). Is plastic
it neural activity changes to meet behavioral
demands.Knits together arbitrary associations
between diverse, but behaviorally-related
information.Conveys information about the
behavioral context in which the animals
are engaged and the rules used to guide
behavior. This may reflect the
role of the PF cortex in acquiring and
representing the formal demands of behavior,
rules or models of tasks that provide a
foundation for complex, intelligent
behavior. (Cohen and Servan-Schreiber, 1992
Passingham, 1993 Grafman, 1994Wise et al.,
1996 Dehaene et al., 1998 Miller, 1999,
Miller, 2000, Miller and Cohen, 2001).
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
Phone rings
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
At home
Guest
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
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Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
21
The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
22
The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The PF cortex and cognitive control
PF cortex
At home
Guest
Phone rings
Answer
Dont answer
Active
Inactive
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The prefrontal cortex may be like a switch
operator in a system of railroad tracks
Its integrative anatomy allows it to rapidly
acquire a map that specifies which pattern of
tracks (neural pathways) are needed to solve a
given task.
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The prefrontal cortex may be like a switch
operator in a system of railroad tracks
Its integrative anatomy allows it to rapidly
acquire a map that specifies which pattern of
tracks (neural pathways) are needed to solve a
given task.
The PF cortex actively maintains this pattern
during task performance, allowing feedback
signals to bias the flow of activity in other
brain areas along those tracks.
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The prefrontal cortex may be like a switch
operator in a system of railroad tracks
Its integrative anatomy allows it to rapidly
acquire a map that specifies which pattern of
tracks (neural pathways) are needed to solve a
given task.
The PF cortex actively maintains this pattern
during task performance, allowing feedback
signals to bias the flow of activity in other
brain areas along those tracks.
Attention, retrieval, representation ofrules and
goals, response selection, inhibitory control,
etc. can be explained by PF bias signals
actingon different brain structures.