Performance Standards and Expectations of Hurricane Shelters

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Performance Standards and Expectations of
Hurricane Shelters

• Danny Kilcollins, FPEM
• Florida Division of Emergency Management

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What is the hurricane shelter performance
expectation of public officials, the media and
citizens?
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Performance Criteria

• Structural Survival
• Exterior Envelope Integrity
• Enclosure breach resistance
• Windborne debris impact resistance
• Rainwater intrusion resistance
• Infrastructure Survival
• Essential Function Survival (occupants,
  equipment, operations, etc)

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Turner Center, Arcadia
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St. Lucie CC, Roofing Damage
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Severe rainwater intrusion
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Pensacola Civic Center, 2004 (constructed late
1970s)
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New Orleans Super Dome, 2005(constructed early
1970s)
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Model Building Codes

• Model Building Codes prior to mid-1980shigh
  wind performance of low-rise bldgs is poor
  partially engineered structures are common
• Unreinforced or inadequately reinforced masonry
• Bldg envelope integrity highly variable
• Nominal loadpath continuity and redundancy
• Roof deck strength and bracing poor
• Windows and doors rarely protected from debris
  impact
• Poor rainwater intrusion resistance

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Model Building Codes

• ANSI-A58.1 1982 and post-1986 thru 1994 Model
  Building Codesfirst modern codes and
  standardshigh wind performance of low-rise bldgs
  is improved partially engineered structures
  still common
• Reinforced and partially reinforced masonry
• Bldg envelope integrity highly variable (EIFS,
  etc)
• Loadpath continuity and redundancy improved
• Roof deck and bracing improved
• Windows and doors rarely protected from debris
  impact
• Poor rainwater intrusion resistance

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Model Building Codes

• SBC-1986 rev. thru -1994roof covering shall
  provide weather protection (1509.1.2.1) and
  veneered walls shall provide weather protection
  (1403.1.3)
• No reference to debris impact resistance
  requirements for envelope

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Pinewood Elem., Stuart
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ASCE 7-02
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ASCE 7

• Section 1.4 General Structural Integrity
• Buildings and other structures shall be designed
  to sustain local damage with the structural
  system as a whole remaining stable and not being
  damaged to an extent disproportionate to the
  original local damage.

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Envelope Integrity References

• ASCE 7-88, -95, -98 -02modern design standards
  with continuing improvements based on research
  and experience
• No reference to rainwater intrusion integrity
  ASCE 7-98 and -02debris impact regions defined
  (6.5.9.3)
• IBC-2003 and FBC-2004 roof covering shall be
  designed and installed to protect the building
  (1503.1) and exterior wall envelope and covering
  to include weather protection (1403.2)debris
  impact regions defined

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Florida Building Code Basic Wind Speeds and
Windborne Debris Impact Regions
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Sherwood Elem., Melbourne
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Bailey MS, SW Pensacola
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ARC 4496,Revised January 2002
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ARC 4496 Guidelines/Standards

• Qualitative Hurricane Safety Criteria
• Deterministic vs. Probabilistic
• Best Practices
• Multi-Hazard
• Storm Surge
• Rainfall Flooding
• High Wind
• Hazardous Materials

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ARC 4496 Guidelines/Standards

• High Winds Criteria
• If possible, select buildings that are capable of
  withstanding wind loads in accordance with ANSI
  A58.1 (1982) or ASCE 7 structural design criteria
• Failing ANSI/ASCE 7 documentation, avoid
• Long or open span roofs (40 ft)
• Unreinforced masonry
• Pre-1986 PEMBs
• Buildings exposed to full force of hurricane
  winds
• Buildings with flat lightweight roofs
• Buildings/areas-rooms with unprotected or
  inadequately protected windows

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ARC 4496 Guidelines/Standards

• High Winds Criteria (contd)
• Give preference to the following
• Buildings that meet local building and life
  safety codes
• Steep pitched hipped roofs
• Heavy concrete roofs
• Buildings in sheltered areas
• Buildings whose routes are not tree-lines
• Interior safety criteria
• Assume windows and roofs will be damaged
• Least-Risk Decision-Making Process
• Marginal/less preferred facilities

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ARC 4496 Guidelines/Standards

• Floridas interpretation of ARC 4496 is that
  walls, roofs and doors should provide the same
  level of protection from windborne debris as
  window protection
• Weather/rainwater intrusion resistance same as
  required for local codes

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Florida Building Code, Public Shelter Design
Criteria

• Section 1013.372, F.S. requires new schools to be
  appropriately designed and located to serves as
  public shelters
• Section 423.25, FBC Public Shelter Design
  Criteria applies to new educational facilities
• Defines Enhanced Hurricane Protection Areas

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Florida Building Code, Public Shelter Design
Criteria

• Section 423.25.4 Structural Standard for Wind
  Loads
• Minimum wind loads in accordance with ASCE 7,
  Essential Facilities I1.15
• Openings shall withstand windborne debris impact
  per SBC/SSTD 12
• Highly Recommends wind design using map wind
  speed plus 40 mph, I1.0

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Florida Building Code, Public Shelter Design
Criteria

• Missile Impact Criteria Building Enclosure,
  including walls, roofs, glazed openings, louvers
  and doors shall not be perforated or penetrated
  by windborne debris criteria is SBC/SSTD 12
• EHPA code provisions are supplemental to other
  minimum code requirements rainwater intrusion
  resistance specified in applicable codes

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Eau Gallie H.S., 37 (EHPA)
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South Elem., OkeechobeeEHPA with minor roof
cladding damage
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DOE-STD-1020
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DOE-STD-1020-2002

• Criteria employ a graded approach to ensure that
  the level of conservatism and rigor in
  design/evaluation is appropriate for facility,
  such as importance, hazards to people on and off
  site, and threat to the environment.
• Criteria for life-safety, safety significant
  and safety class
• Criteria is probabilistic (ie, return periods)

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DOE 1020 Wind Design
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Return Period Years
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1,000-yr Return Period
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1,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida
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10,000-yr Return Period
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10,000-yr Recurrence Wind Speeds for Florida
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Windborne Debris Impact Resistance Criteria
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DOE-STD-1020

• DOE-STD-1020-1994 and 2002 modern high
  performance design criteriahigh wind performance
  of low-rise bldgs is significantly improved
  fully engineered structures
• Reinforced concrete and masonry
• Bldg envelope highly wind and debris resistant
• Loadpath continuity and redundancy enhanced
• Roof deck and bracing enhanced
• Windows and doors protected from debris impact
• Good rainwater intrusion resistance

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FEMA 361
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FEMA 361 Wind Zones
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FEMA 361

• FEMA 361 high performance design criteria near
  absolute protection fully engineered structures
  
• Reinforced concrete and masonry
• Bldg envelope highly wind and debris resistant
• Loadpath continuity and redundancy exceptional
• Roof deck and bracing exceptional
• Windows and doors protected from debris impact
• Good rainwater intrusion resistance

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ICC Storm Shelter Standard

• ICC STM performance expected to be similar to
  DOE-STD-1020 Performance Category 4 and FEMA 361
  fully engineered structures
• Reinforced concrete and masonry
• Bldg envelope highly wind and debris resistant
• Loadpath continuity and redundancy exceptional
• Roof deck and bracing exceptional
• Windows and doors protected from extreme debris
  impact
• Good rainwater intrusion resistance

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Summary of Wind Storm Design Criteria
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Comparison of Hurricane Wind Codes Standards
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Questions ???

• Danny Kilcollins
• Tel [phone]
• danny.kilcollins_at_dca.state.fl.us

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Basic Wind Speed Conversions
Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph) Equivalent Basic Wind Speeds Wind Speed Conversion 3-second gust, fastest-mile and 1-min. sustained velocities (mph)
Wind Measurement Scale Hurricane Category 1 Hurricane Category 2 Hurricane Category 3 Hurricane Category 4 Hurricane Category 5 Extreme Hurricane Category 5
3-second Gust (ASCE 7 and 2004 Florida Building Code) 90 117 135 160 190 230
Fastest Mile (Standard Building Code) 75 100 117 141 170 209
1-minute Sustained (National Hurricane Center) 74 96 111 131 156 188