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01.01.2010
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Costs of different energy sources
Product Moisture Price Energy content Energy
Costs /dt. KWh/kg
Cent/KWh Rape seed 9 35 6,7
5,3 Wheat 14 20 4,5
4,4 Straw 16 8 4,5
1,8 Energy corn 70 2,4 1,5
1,6 Crude oil -- 60 11,5
5,2 Task convert to useful energy with high
efficiency factor Corresponds to 80 US /
Barrel, bei 1,20 US / Euro 1 Barrel 159 l
111,3 kg
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Future prospects for bioenergy utilization
options

• Increasing growing area will intensify
  competition between the different
• utilization options.
• Key factors
• Net energy yield/ha
• Cost/kwh effective energy
• Success criteria
• New high mass yield plants
• Harvest and use whole plant
• Effective utilisation of total vegetation
  period - Organize crop rotation -
  Accumulate mass in summer - Harvest prior to
  maturity
• Effective conversion to useful energy
• - Simple process
• - highly effective
• ? Special ingredients as add-on utilisation

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Key ratios in energy farming
Useful energy Bio diesel Ethanol Biomethane
Agricultural Winter rape Cereals Energy crop
production rotation Yield
dt/ha 35 70 1.000 Raw material
requirement 2,9 kg/l oil 2,8 kg/l ethanol 5,3
kg/m3 biogas Production/ha 1.200 l oil 2.500 l
ethanol 19.000 m3 biogas KWh/ha 10.500 15.000
105.000
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Beispiel für Unterschiede bei der
Pflanzenölproduktion
Bei einem Input zu Output-Verhältnis von 1
1,3 ergibt sich ein Netto-Ölertrag von 320 l/ha
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Difference of energetic efficiencies
Quelle Joaquim Dib Cohen, PETROBRAS EUROPE
LIMITED sowie eigene Berechnung
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Brasilianisches Ethanol im Vergleich zu deutschem
Biogas
Region Einsatzmaterial Ertrag Brutto
Energieprodukte/ha dt./ha Brasilien Zuckerro
hr 850 7.100 l Ethanol 42.600 KWh Deutschland Ene
rgiemais 700 14.000 m3 Biogas 74.200 KWh 1 l
Ethanol 6,0 KWh 1 kg Energiemais 200 l
Biogas 1,06 KWh
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Average annual precipation
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Breeding on corn yield changed the Harvest Index
Fotos E. Ebmeyer, Lochow-Petkus
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Future prospects for bioenergy utilization
options

• Increasing growing area will intensify
  competition between the different
• utilization options.
• Key factors
• Net energy yield/ha
• Cost/kwh effective energy
• Success criteria
• New high mass yield plants
• Harvest and use whole plant
• Effective utilisation of total vegetation
  period - Organize crop rotation -
  Accumulate mass in summer - Harvest prior to
  maturity
• Effective conversion to useful energy
• - Simple process
• - highly effective
• ? Special ingredients as add-on utilisation

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Energieverluste durch Verdampfungsenthalpie
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Theoretisch mögliche Biogaserträge verschiedener
Stoffgruppen (WEILAND, 2001)
Grundlagen der Methangärung Biologie und
Substrate. VDI-Berichte Nr. 1620, 19-32
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Challenge Biomass crops with multiple uses
Demand for energy crops ? maximum dry mass
ha ? traditional breeding with high success
rates ? Product fresh, moist green
mass Demand for substrates for chemical
/biochemical conversion ? genetic approach to
reversing metabolic pathways ? Synthesis of
tailor-made products ? Low concentration of
target matter in crops Combination of energy
and material utilisation can increase efficiency
and cost effectiveness
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Future Scenario / Nawaro Plants in Utilisation
Cascade
Sun
Solar energy bound up in plants
org. fertilizer
Conserve
Special ingredients for chemical industry
Separate
Divide
Moist mass line
Dry mass line
mash
Digester
Combust Gasify
Heat
Synthesis gas
BHKW
Biogas
Fuel
Heat
Nitrogen
Electricity
Methanol
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Beispiel für Wirkungsgrade bei der
Energieumwandlung
Biomasse 100
Verfahrens- schritte
Biogas 60
BHKW 48
Wärme 30
Strom 18
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Fuel yield / ha(as diesel equivalent)

• The advantage of biomethane results from
• new, efficient crops
• Utilisation of total plant
• Better utilisation of vegetation period
• High conversion efficiency factor

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Leistungsprüfung der Energiemaishybriden in
Einbeck 2004
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Zuchtziel Schrittweise Steigerung der
Energieleistung um annähernd 100 im Laufe von
10 Jahren
Energiemaissorte
300 dt/ha
150 -180 dt/ha
Heutige Silomaissorten
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Goals of Energy Corn Breeding

• Late maturity, incorporate short day genes
• Cold tolerance in late varieties
• Nutrient / water efficiency
• First variety registrations in 2005

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Growth progression of conventional silage corn
(sc)
GTM- yield/ha
Floweringsc
time
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Growth progression of silage corn (sc) vs energy
corn (ec) 1. Significantly later harvest than
energy corn
Harvestec
GTM- yield/ha
Floweringec
Harvestsc
Floweringsc
time
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GAVOTT
...... im Kurztag von Peru
PERU
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Peruanische Maissorte im Demonstrationsanbau
Gondelsheim 2006
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Drei deutsche, eine italienische und eine
peruanische Maissorteaus der Energiemais-Leistung
sprüfung Wesel 2004
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Faszination der Vielfalt Energiepflanzen-Leistung
sprüfung auf dem KWS-Öko-Versuchsgut
Wiebrechtshausen 2006
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Faszination der Vielfalt Energiepflanzen-Demonst
ration in Seligenstadt 2006
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Herstellung von Testkreuzungen zwischen
massenwüchsigen Landsorten und standfesten Testern
Zuchtgarten Eckartsweiher AUG 2004
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Leistungsprüfungen Sorghum SEL 2006
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Energiesorghum-Leistungsprüfung Seligenstadt 2006
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Drivers for economic success of biomethane
Interdisciplinary development activities
Biomethane utilization
Breeding
Plant cultivation
Technology
Energy crop species evaluation Selection and seed
allocation
Location specific crop rotation and cultivation
process Harvest and preservation
Substrate preparation Fermentation with
increased methane yield and reduced
downtimes Biogas processing
Feed into natural gas pipes Green gas filling
station Fuel cells