FDR and the NEW DEAL

1
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

2
Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression

• Stock Market Crash, October 1929.
• Hoovers continued with laissez-faire economic
  viewpoints.
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff 1930 further cut into
  international trade.
• Unemployment, business failures, and hunger
  increase dramatically in early 1930s.

3
Reconstruction Finance Corp.

• 1932 Hoover and Congress established
  Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
• With an initial working capital of 1/2 billion
  dollars, this agency became a government lending
  bank designed to provide indirect relief by
  assisting insurance companies, banks,
  agricultural organizations, and hard pressed
  state and local governments.

4
Bonus March

• Veterans from as far west as Oregon journey to
  Washington D.C., to demand immediate payment of
  WWI bonuses.
• Stayed in Washington until 1932.
• General Pelham Glassford had led some of the
  veterans and called them his boys.
• Veterans camped on the Anacostia Flats near
  Potomac River.

5
General Douglas MacArthur

• Hoover refused to meet with veteran leaders he
  ordered army to tear down the camp.
• Tear gas used to clear out the veterans and
  their families.
• General MacArthur used force against veterans
  Hoovers image tarnished.

6
http//fisher.lib.Virginia.EDU/elections/maps/1932
.gif
7
Election 0f 1932

• The campaign took place against the background of
  Great Depression.
• Roosevelt campaigned vigorously to prove that
  despite his disability he could vigorously
  undertake the job of President.
• Hoover tried to depict Roosevelt as an extremist
  who would bring ruin to the country, but with 1/4
  of work force unemployed, Roosevelt won an
  overwhelming victory.

8
HOOVER
ROOSEVELT
http//fisher.lib.Virginia.EDU/elections/maps/1932
.gif
9
Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Thirty-Second President 1933-1945
Link to more information
http//www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/ht
ml/fr32.html
10
The Election of 1932

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) vs. Herbert
  Hoover (Republican).
• Hoover was the incumbent president presiding over
  the worst economic collapse in the nations
  history.
• Roosevelt campaigned as a reformer and his
  election was a landslide victory.

11

• Roosevelt called for steep cuts in federal
  spending and a balanced budget during his
  campaign, but he later built large deficits in
  building government programs to deal with the
  Depression.

12
The Hundred Days

• First Three Months of FDRs Administration, 1933.
• Burst of Congressional legislative action to
  address problems of the Depression.
• Focus on RELIEF and RECOVERY.

13
The First New Deal

• 1933-34.
• Emergency Action Bank Holiday.
• focus on cooperation, pragmatism.
• political shift to the left by FDR after 1935.

14
Bank Holiday
.feri.org/timeline/1933f http//newdeal.htm
15
Bank Holiday

• On Franklin D Roosevelt's second day in office he
  declared a national bank holiday
• In an unprecedented action, he closed every bank
  in the country until further notice.
• The holiday he hoped would stem the tide of
  bank failures by preventing people from
  withdrawing their money.

16
Bank Holiday

• At the same time the eager president ordered his
  secretary of the treasury to draft legislation to
  save the banking system.
• Five days later Congress passed the Emergency
  Banking Relief Act

17
Bank Holiday

• March 1933.
• Closed Banks for reorganization.
• Restored Confidence in Banking.
• eventually created FDIC.
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

18
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

19
National
Recovery
Administration
20
National Recovery Administration

• New Deal Agency established by President Franklin
  D. Roosevelt.
• Part of National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933
  led by Hugh Johnson.
• Established to encourage fair business practices
  in order to help business recovery and workers
  during Great Depression.

21
National Recovery Administration
22
NRA

• 557 basic codes affected about 22 million
  workers.
• Cooperating companies displayed symbolic Blue
  Eagle emblem.
• Helped to improve labor conditions and helped
  unionization movement.
• Supreme Court case found NRA unconstitutional in
  1935.

23
NRA Coupon
24
Hugh S. Johnson

• Hugh S. Johnson was the leader of the NRA, a
  former army general.
• Johnson lived from 1882-1942.

http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USARjohnson.h
tm
25
National Recovery Administration

• Established under the National Industrial
  Recovery Act of 1933.
• Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery
  Act, an emergency measure designed to encourage
  industrial recovery and help combat widespread
  unemployment.

26
NRA

• The NRA emblem, a Blue Eagle over the slogan We
  Do Our Part, became a rallying point for
  Americans.
• Eager to show that they followed the NRA codes,
  business people stamp the symbol on their
  products and posted it in store windows, on
  factory doors, and on delivery trucks.

27
NRA

• Huge parades lent drama to the crusade and
  inspired Americans to buy only products stamped
  with the symbol.
• In NYC, a 1/4 of a million people, ranging from
  factory workers to stock brokers to actors,
  marched down 5th Avenue behind the NRA Blue Eagle.

28
NRA

• The NRA needed more than fanfare to succeed,
  before long problems surfaced.
• NRA regulations resulted in codes for production
  of hair tonic, shoulder pads, dog leashes, and
  even musical comedies.
• Many businesses simply ignored the codes.
• Industrial Henry Ford refused to cooperate with
  the NRA from the start.

29
NRA

• Labor leaders complained that the NRA kept wages
  too low.
• Although the NRA helped to stop the
  price-cutting-wage-cutting cycle in the large
  industries, enforcing its codes became
  increasingly difficult.

30
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933

• subsidies for limits on production.
• wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco.
• declared unconstitutional in 1936.
• Revived in 1938 with modifications to meet Court
  challenge.

31
Agricultural Adjustment Act
http//wilma.ifas.ufl.edu/courses/AEB4224/Lecture/
unit5/sld003.htm

• First successful effort to support farm prices
  with government programs.
• First major policy to intrude on free markets.
• Imposition of taxes on handlers/ processors to
  pay for program.
• Payment for acreage reduction/Production
  allotments.
• Henry Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, Promoted
  program.

32
HENRY A. WALLACE, Secretary of Agriculture and
Vice President, 1941-44

• http//newdeal.feri.org/library/s74.htm

33
HENRY A. WALLACE

• Secretary of Agriculture from 1933-1940 Vice
  President from 1941-1945.
• 1948 Presidential nominee of the Progressive
  Party.
• One of the most controversial figures of the New
  Deal and Fair Deal periods.
• 1946 President Truman asked him to resign as
  Secretary of Commerce because of outspoken
  criticism.

34
The Agricultural Adjustment Act May, 1933
Restricted the growth and production of wheat,
cotton, tobacco, pork and a few other crops.
Object was to lift agricultural prices to
parity with industrial prices. In return for
withdrawing land, farmers received rental
payments from the Agricultural Adjustment
Administration (AAA)
35
Agricultural Adjustment Act Established in
conjunction to the act was the Commodity Credit
Corporation, a crop loan and storage program
made price-supporting loans and purchases of
specific commodities. By 1936, the payment to
the farmers had reached 1,5000,000,000 In
1936, the Supreme Court declared the act
unconstitutional and Congress passed new
agricultural legislation based on the soil
conservation concept.
36
Agricultural Adjustment Act

• This act was created in 1938 by Franklin
  Roosevelt. The purpose was to help farmers by
  reducing production of staple crops.
• In years of good crops it let the AAA make loans
  to farmers of staple crop yields and to store the
  surplus produce, which then it can release in
  years of low yield.

37
Agricultural Adjustment Act
http//www.geo cities.com/Athens/4545/
38
Politcal Cartoon of FDR and the alphabet agencies
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USARagricultu
re.htm
39
Poor Migrant Photo by Dorothea Lange

• http//www.masters-ofphotography.com/L/lange/lange
  _migrant_mother.html

40
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

41
Tennessee Valley Authority

• Also known as the TVA designed to develop and
  improve a whole region.
• It effected parts of seven states in the
  Tennessee River Valley.
• In most areas loggers had cut down the trees
  loosening soil causing mass erosion.
• The T.V.A. replaced some of the trees to try and
  stopped erosion.

42

• F.D.R. and some members of the T.V.A.

http//www.tva.gov/heritage/index.htm
43
The TVA

• Built a series of dams on the Tennessee river to
  control floods.
• Constructed hydroelectric plants to attract more
  industry and provide power to homes.
• Power companies didnt like the government
  production and sale of power, they claimed it was
  unfair.

44
Tennessee Valley Authority

• Flood Control
• Dam Construction, Jobs
• Hydroelectric Power, navigation
• Conservation, erosion control, fertilizer
• Regional planning

45
Tennessee Valley Authority

• http//152.85.3.14/whatis/history.htm

46
TVA

• Bill signed into law by Roosevelt, May 18, 1933.
• Was attacked as unconstitutional threat to
  private power companies.
• Objectives were flood control of the Tennessee
  River, development of navigation channels,
  production of electricity.
• Served as a model for similar projects in other
  areas.

47
TVA Electric Lines
48
George Norris
49
Signing TVA Legislation
50
TVA Dam
51
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

52
FDRs Employment Programs

• CCC Civilian Conservation Corps
• CWA Civil Works Administration
• PWA Public Works Administration

53
FERA,Federal Emergency Relief Administration
54
Civil Works Administration
55
Civilian Conservation Corps
56
Civilian Conservation Corps
http//pages.prodigy.com/reunion/history.htm
57
Civilian Conservation Corps

• "...Not a Panacea for all the unemployment, but
  an essential step in this emergency..."
• President Franklin Roosevelt.
• March 1933 13,600,000 unemployed.
• FDR employs 500,000 men 18-25.
• Work in parks and forests.

58
Security and Exchange Commission
59

• Congress established Federal Deposit Insurance
  Corporation (FDIC) to guarantee bank deposits
• FDIC extended the power of the Federal Reserve
  Board
• FDIC also created the Home Owners Loan
  Corporation (HOLC) to refinance mortgages and
  prevent foreclosures

60

• It passed the Federal Securities Act making
  promoters to make public full financial
  information about new stock issues and gave
  Federal Trade Commission the right to regulate
  such transactions

61

• In 1934 the task was transferred to the Security
  and Exchange Commission which had authority over
  the activities of the stock exchange
• The act gave the SEC the power to regulate,
  register, and oversee brokerage firms

62
Link to Copy of Securities Legislation at
University of Cincinnati Law School http//www.l
aw.uc.edu/CCL/sldtoc.html
63
Bibliography

• http//www.law.uc.edu/CCL/sldtoc.html
• America nation-History book
• http//www.sec.gov/

64
Huey Long, The Kingfish
65
Huey Long
http//www.intellectualcapital.com/issues/98/0108/
iceoh.asp
66
Huey Long

• The Kingfish Huey Long was a populist who
  championed the cause of the working class and the
  poor.
• He also served as Governor for Louisiana and as a
  U.S. Senator.
• He was shot and killed by Dr. Carl Weiss in 1936.

67
Huey Long

• Critic of FDR nicknamed The Kingfish Promoted
  Share the Wealth Program Tax 100 of all
  income over 1 million.
• Guarantee all citizens a car, a house, a pension,
  and an education.
• Not a practical program, but it made Long popular
  with the poor.

68
Father Charles Coughlin
69
Father Charles Coughlin

• Radio Priest in Detroit Michigan.
• Criticized FDR in weekly radio program.
• 10 million listeners.
• Critical of New Deal especially farm program
  Coughlin charged that an international conspiracy
  of bankers existed.
• Fascist Anti-Semitic overtones.

70
Charles Coughlin

• U.S. Roman Catholic radio priest who in the
  1930s developed one of the first deeply loyal
  mass audiences in radio broadcast history.
• He told the listeners that the Depression was the
  fault of an international conspiracy of bankers.
• Coughlins influence on Depression-era was
  enormous. Millions of Americans listened to his
  weekly radio broadcast.

71
Father Charles E. Coughlin
Must the entire world go to war for 600,000 Jews
in Germany who are neither American, nor French,
nor English citizens, but citizens of Germany?

• http//www.ssa.gov/history/cough.html

72
http//www.ushmm.org/olympics/zcc040.htm
73
Francis Townsend
74
Francis Townsend

• Townsend was a retired Californian physician
• He had an appealing solution to the nations
  trouble
• He had a campaign for old age revolving
  pensions

75
Continued

• He advocated paying every person of 60 years or
  older 200 a month
• The only conditions were that the person could
  not hold a job and they had to spend the money
  within thirty days
• Believed their purchases would stimulate
  production to create new jobs and revitalize the
  economy

76

• To pay for the program there was a stiff
  transaction tax collected whenever any commodity
  changed hands
• There was about 10 million people eligible for
  the pension
• This would amount to about 24 million a year

77

• This movement marked the emergence of a new force
  in American society
• Medical advances were lengthening the average
  life span of old people, so the percentage of
  elders was rising
• His paper Townsend National Weekly

78
Francis Townsend
http//www.ssa.gov/history/towns5.html
79
Townsend with Sheridan Downey
http//www.ssa.gov/history/towns5.html
80
Dr. Francis E. Townsend

• He wanted the government to help older citizens.
• He proposed that the government pay every person
  over the age of 60 a monthly pension of 200.
• In return the recipient would agree to retire,
  also they agreed to spend the entire 200 in the
  month.
• He ran for the 1936 election. He received a 2
  popular vote.

81
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
http//199.173.225.3/history/atownsen.html
82
Dr. Francis Townsend
83
Dr. Francis Townsend

• Retired California Physician.
• Suggested a 200 per month pension for people
  over 60.
• open jobs for the younger unemployed.
• Spending all 200 would also be required to boost
  economic demand.
• Townsend Clubs created all over the nation.

84
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

85
The Second New Deal

• 1935-38.
• Focus on major REFORMS to the American system.
• less cooperative with business.
• contributes to FDRs reelection landslide in 1936.

86
WPA

• Works Progress Administration
• In May of 1935, Roosevelt put Hopkins in charge
  of the WPA.
• By the time it ended in 1943, the WPA had found
  work for 8.5 million people.
• The WPA made important cultural contributions and
  built public works.

87
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856sdcphm856sf3f05361
88
WPA continued

• Developed Federal Theatre Project which put
  actors, directors, and stagehands to work.
• Also developed Federal Writers Project which put
  out valuable guide books, etc.
• Federal Art Project which gave work to painters
  and sculptors.

89
http//memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/i?ammem/wpapos
_at_field(NUMBER_at_band(cph3f05380))displayType1m
856sdcphm856sf3f05380
90
WPA continued

• National Youth Administration created part time
  jobs for over 2 million high school and college
  students.
• WPA did not go far enough because FDR did not
  want to unbalance the budget.
• It ended in 1943.

91
Works Progress Administration
92
Harry Hopkins

• By Kelly Cronin

93

• (1890-1946) Harry was President Franklin
  Roosevelt's most influential adviser
• He helped Roosevelt create and carry out the New
  Deal recovery program during the Great
  Depression.
• Hopkins headed the (FERA) from 1933-1938 (WPA)
  from 1935-1938
• Department of Commerce from 1938-1940
• In 1941, during World War II, Hopkins directed
  the Lend-Lease program
• The Lend-Lease program provided United States
  aid to countries fighting the Axis nations

94

• Hopkins favored opportunities to produce jobs
  rather than provide direct financial relief
• He asked his former schoolmate Hallie Flanagan to
  take charge of the Federal Theatre Project, but
  could not defend the project before the Dies
  Committee because he feared Congress would
  eliminate funding for the WPA
• Hopkins endured criticisms for overspending and
  boondoggling

95
Harry Hopkins in Seattle, 9/12/36.
http//www.ssa.gov/history/hhopkins.html
96
Harry Hopkins

• Hopkins rose to prominence during the Great
  Depression as one of President Roosevelt's
  closest advisors

Hopkins acted in many capacities--as director of
the Civil Works Administration from 1933-1934,
the Federal Surplus Relief Administration and the
Works Progress Administration from 1935-1938.
97
Harry Hopkins

• Hopkins favored opportunities to produce jobs
  rather than provide direct financial relief.
• Roosevelt reinstalled him instead as Secretary of
  Commerce from 1938 to 1940.
• Hopkins acted as an unofficial advisor on foreign
  affairs who attended many of the European wartime
  conferences like the Teheran Conference of 1943.

98
Harry Hopkins
http//newdeal.feri.org/library/k23.htm
99
Packhorse Librarian Kentucky
100
Social Security Act, 1935
101
http//www.ssa.gov/history/ssaarchives.html
102

• "We can never insure one hundred percent of the
  population against one hundred percent of the
  hazards and vicissitudes of life, but we have
  tried to frame a law which will give some measure
  of protection to the average citizen and to his
  family against the loss of a job and against
  poverty-ridden old age."--President Roosevelt
  upon signing Social Security Act

103
The Social Security Act was signed into law by
President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935
In addition to several provisions for general
welfare, the new Act created a social insurance
program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or
older a continuing income after retirement.
104
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

105
National Labor Relations Act

• Commonly known as the Wagner act
• Restored the labor guarantees wiped out by the
  Schechter decision
• Gave workers the right to bargain collectively
• Prohibited employers from interfering with union
  organizational activities in their factories

106
NLRB

• A National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was
  established to supervise plant elections and
  designate successful unions as official
  bargaining agents when a majority of the workers
  approved.

107
Senator Robert Wagner
http//www.ssa.gov/history/maurine3.html
108
Wagner Act

• National Labor Relations Board.
• Commonly known as the Wagner Act.
• Restored labor guarantees taken away by the
  Schechter Court Decision.
• The board supervised secret elections in plants
  to designate unions.

109
Wagner Act

• The NLRB could investigate employers, they could
  issue cease and desist orders if unfair practices
  were brought to light.
• Created in 1935
• Part of New Deal legislation.
• NLRB website http//www.nlrb.gov

110
Wagner Act
111
Wagner Act

• National Labor Relations Act.
• Guarantees the right of workers to form unions.
• Right of employees to engage in collective
  bargaining (to negotiate as a group with
  employers about wages, hours and working
  conditions).
• Sen. Robert F. Wagner (NY-D).

112
Wagner Act

• Reaffirmed the NIRA which was declared
  unconstitutional.
• Bans certain practices by employers .
• Requires employers to negotiate with union
  representatives elected by workers.
• Established National Labor Relations Board.

113
The Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

• The REA was created by President Roosevelt as a
  response to the depression during the Second New
  Deal.
• The REAs responsibility was to lend money to
  utility companies and farming businesses.
• These loans allowed the utility companies to
  charge people less for their services.

114
REA (Continued)

• These companies receiving the loans had to pay a
  small amount of interest in return.
• The REA proved to be very successful.
• When the project started almost none of the farms
  had electricity. This amount was drastically
  changed by 1950 leaving almost all farms with
  affordable electricity and other utilities.

115
REA (Continued)

• The REA was an obvious asset to the U.S. in 1950
  it gradually added to different business success
  and helped the economy to pull itself out of the
  depression.

116
Bibliography

• The American Nation (Ninth Edition) By, John A.
  Garraty

http//www.geocities.com/Athens/4545/
117
Franklin Roosevelt
http//www.geocities.com/Athens/4545/
118
Auto Worker Sitdown Strikes, 1937
http//www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/explore/
museums/hismus/1900-75/depressn/laborun.html
119
Congress of Industrial Organizations

• Founded 1938.
• Focus on Union Organization by Industry instead
  of by Craft.
• More open philosophy of membership than AFL.
• Eventually reunited with AFL in 1955.

120
John L. Lewis, Leader of the
CIO
121
John L Lewis

• 1880-1969, American labor leader b. Lucas co.,
  Iowa.
• He worked as a coal miner and rose through the
  union ranks to become president (1920) of the
  United Mine Workers of America (UMW).

122
John L. Lewis

• During World War II he led the coal miners in
  several strikes, arousing public anger, and drew
  a heavy fine in 1948 for failing to obey a court
  order ending a protracted strike.
• He founded (1935) the CIO, which he headed until
  1940.

123
John L. Lewis organized Auto Workers in Flint,
Michigan
124
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

125
1936 Election
Pictured above President Roosevelt
http//www.americanpresident.org/KoTrain/
Courses/FDR/FDR_Campaigns_and_Elections.h
tm
126
Candidates

• The Republic nominee was Governor Alfred M.
  Landon from Kansas.
• The current President at the time running for
  re-election was Franklin Roosevelt.
• The third candidate was Congressman William Lemke
  of North Dakota running for the Union party.

127
Results

• Franklin Roosevelt Democrat Popular 60.80
  Electoral 98.5
• Alfred Landon Republican Popular 36.54 Electoral
  1.5
• William Lemke Union Popular 1.95 Electoral 0

128
Map of Results
President Roosevelt won every state except for
Maine and Vermont, which were won by Republican
candidate Landon. http//h0040055bf148.ne.mediaon
e.net/dave/POL/pe1936.html
129
Roosevelts Attitude

• Roosevelt probably won because he stopped
  supporting the businessmen instead started to
  support the workers and underprivileged.
• These people chose to vote for him because of his
  evident concern for their welfare.
• Roosevelt immediately started putting his new
  plans to effect.

130
nnnnnnnnnnnn
131
Election of 1936

• Kansas Governor Alfred Landon
• Moderate Republican

132
ELECTION OF 1936
http//www.multied.com/elections/1936.html
133
ELECTION OF 1936
FDR
http//www.multied.com/elections/1936.html
Landon
134
ELECTON OF 1936
http//www.multied.com/elections/1936.html
135
ELECTION OF 1936

• The Democratic convention in Philadelphia
  overwhelmingly renominated Roosevelt.
• Governor Alfred M. Landon of Kansas was nominated
  as the candidate for the Republican Party.
• William Lemke ran as a third party candidate.

136
ELECTION OF 1936

• Alf Landon, who was a former follower of Teddy
  Roosevelt, was a believer in government
  regulation of business.
• However he was a poor speaker compared to the
  charm and political astuteness of Franklin
  Roosevelt.
• Both Roosevelt's personality and program
  captivated the country, he was considered one of
  the most powerful presidents in history.

137
ELECTION OF 1936

• Roosevelt won all states except Maine and
  Vermont.
• This shows the growing support of the people for
  Roosevelts program for the Great Depression.

138
FDR and the NEW DEAL

• Power Point Presentation Produced by Mr.
  Houstons US History class for test review
  purposes.
• Resources used include Groliers Encyclopaedia,
  Internet Sites, University of Virginia Election
  Map Collection, Library of Congress, and the
  National Archives.
• See Class Website for Online Version
  http//www.harwich.edu/depts/history/amr. htm

139
Supreme Court Packing

• Also Called the Nine old men By President
  Roosevelt
• The Supreme Court's invalidation of the AAA the
  NRA angered Roosevelt he attempted to pack the
  court in his favor.
• FDR proposed to add up to six new judges to the
  Supreme Court up to 44 judges to lower federal
  tribunals.

140
Supreme Court Packing

• This act allowed the president to be able to
  appoint a new justice, up to a maximum of 6, for
  every justice who had a least 10 years service
  was 70 years of age or older.
• This plan immediately drew immense criticism from
  all political directions. When the chief sponsor
  of the bill, Joseph Robinson of Arkansas, died,
  so to did the bill.

http//www.hpol.org/fdr/chat/
Link to FDR speech
141
Louis D. Brandeis

• Out of 9 justices, he was one out of 3 of the
  justices that viewed the deal sympathetically.
• He was the oldest judge on the court.
• In the long run Brandeis rejected the bill.

http//www.library.brandeis.edu/SpecialCollections
/SpecialEvents/Brandeis/
142
FDR and the Court Packing

• 1937 FDR attempted to increase size of Supreme
  Court from 9 to 15.
• FDR faced opposition in Congress
• Recession of 1937-38 hurt economy.
• 1938 Congressional elections bring conservative
  resurgence.
• Court begins to change Conservative tone with
  timely retirements.

143
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

• An act to maintain fair standards in the work
  place.
• Also known as Wages and Hours Law.
• Enacted by Congress in 1938.
• Set a minimum wage of 25 cents, eventually raised
  to 1.00 in 1956.

144
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

• Set maximum number of hours one person could work
  in a week 40 hours.
• Eliminates products of, oppressive child labor

Link to biography of Robert Wagner
http//bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl
?indexW000021
145
Great Depression Women

• Photo of Migrant Worker by Dorothea Lange

146
Eleanor Roosevelt,
Chautaugua Womens Club
President Pennypacker, Frances
Perkins, 1931
147
Great Depression and African Americans

• Negative Effect of AAA on black tenants.
• Great Migration continues North.
• Black Cabinet appointments by FDR.
• Eleanor Roosevelts My Day writings used to
  promote equality.

148
Eleanor Roosevelt
supports Marian Andersons
concert at Lincoln Memorial
in Washington
149
Great Depression and Native Americans

• Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 restored
  tribal control over reservations.
• Overturned assimilation strategy of Dawes Act of
  1887.

150
Literature and Film of Escapism
http//208.208.207.25/posteritati/
151
Literature and Film with Social Justice Theme
http//www.inforamp.net/jzalken/grapes.html
152
Richard Wright, Native Son
http//www.public.asu.edu/metro/aflit/wright/bio.
html
153
The Dust Bowl
http//www.usd.edu/anth/epa/dust.html
154
The Dust Bowl

• During the Great Depression sections of the
  Midwest, from Texas to the Dakotas, got scorched
  by the sun ruining wide expanses of grass and
  crops.
• the skies darkened as clouds of dust arose from
  the sun-dried land.
• as times the clouds were so thick, train
  engineers could not read signals.

155
The Dust Bowl

• as far as Cleveland and Memphis people wore masks
  for protections against the black blizzards
  sailors in the Atlantic found traces of Nebraska
  soil.
• families had to load their possessions into
  trucks and cars and head west because land
  companies took over what was left of their land.
• over one million people headed west looking for
  work in orchards, orange groves, and lettuce
  fields of Washington, Oregon, and California.

156
The Dust Bowl

• http//drylands.nasm.edu1995/bowl.html

157
Election of 1940

• By Jes and Scott

158
Election of 1940

• No other democrat seemed so likely to carry the
  country, so F.D.R decided to run for a third
  term.
• F.D.R was easily renominated.
• Vice President Garner decided not to run for a
  third term, and was replaced by Henry Wallace
  (Secretary of Agriculture)

159
Election of 1940

• He used concern about the European War to justify
  his running for a third term.
• Wendell L. Willkie was the Republican candidate
  nominated to run against F.D.R.
• Willkie was supported by the farmers but could
  not find issues to oppose F.D.R on.

160

• Willkie held the traditional isolationist views,
  claimed that F.D.R. is reelected would send the
  US into war in Europe.
• F.D.R. was reelected to a third term in November
  in 1940.
• The electoral count was 449 for F.D.R and 82 for
  Willkie.

161
Franklin D. Roosevelt

• http//www.lpitr.state.sc.us/rosevelt.htm