Female Reproductive System

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Female Reproductive System
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• The female reproductive system stores female
  reproductive cells, or OVA
• The external female reproductive organs are
  called the vulva.
• The mons veneris is the fatty tissue that covers
  front of pubic bone, pubic hair covers this area.

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• The labia majora are the heavy folds of skin that
  surround the opening of the vagina
• The labia minora are two smaller folds of skin
  located within the labia majora

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• Within the labia minora is the clitoris.
• The clitoris is a small highly sensitive
  structure located above the opening of the
  urethra. The clitoris is richly supplied with
  blood vessels and nerve endings.

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Internally

• The ova are stored in the ovaries, the female sex
  glands that house the ova and produce the female
  sex hormones.
• The two ovaries are almond shaped and located on
  each side of the body.
• At birth, a female has over 400,000 immature ova
  in her ovaries.

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• When a mature ovum is released from an ovary
  (OVULATION), it moves into one of the FALLOPIAN
  TUBES. These are a pair of tubes with fingerlike
  projections that draw the ovum in.
• Each fallopian tube is about four inches long.
• Tiny hair like projections move the ovum along in
  the fallopian tubes.

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• IF a sperm cell introduced during intercourse is
  present in the fallopian tubes, it may unite with
  an ovum and then fertilization occurs..
• The result from the union of a sperm and ovum is
  called a ZYGOTE.

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• The uterus is a small, muscular, pear shaped
  organ that is about the size of a fist.
• The uterus receives and supports a fertilized egg
  during pregnancy.
• IF a zygote is formed it leaves the fallopian
  tube and attaches itself to the uterine wall.

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• The neck of the uterus is called the cervix.
• IF the ovum does not become fertilized, the
  lining of the uterus breaks down into blood,
  tissue, and fluids which pass through the cervix
  and out the vagina.
• The vagina is a muscular, elastic, passageway
  that extends from the uterus to the outside of
  the body

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• The process of shedding the lining of the uterus
  is called menstruation.
• The menstrual flow usually lasts three to five
  days.
• Women wear either sanitary pads or tampons to
  absorb the blood flow from menstruation.

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• After the menstrual period ends, the ENTIRE cycle
  begins again.
• The lining of the uterus thickens again,
  preparing for the possibility of receiving a
  fertilized egg.

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• The Menstrual Cycle- the time from the beginning
  of one menstrual period to the onset of the next.
  
• Although there can be great variations, the
  menstrual cycle is usually 28 days.
• Most females begin menstruating between the ages
  of 10 and 15. This cycle may be irregular at
  first.

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• http//www.teenshealth.com/misc/movie/bodybasics/b
  odybasics_female_repro.html

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CARE OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

• The vagina is a self- cleansing organ
• Once mature, the cells in lining of vagina
  constantly shed, causing a slight vaginal
  discharge.
• Feminine hygiene products such as deodorant
  sprays and douches are not necessary and may even
  cause irritation.

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Breast Self- Exams

• Very important habit for females to develop.
• BSE should be done once a month, and should be
  done about a week after the start of their
  menstrual period.
• 3 ways- in the shower, in front of a mirror, or
  lying down.

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STEPS FOR BSE

• Inspect BOTH breasts for anything unusual, such
  as discharge from the nipples
• If in front of a mirror, place hands beside your
  head and press forward. Then place hands on your
  hips firmly and bow slightly toward the mirror as
  your pull your shoulder and elbows forward.
• NOTE ANY CHANGES

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NEXT

• Raise your same arm and with three or four
  fingers explore your breast FIRMLY, CAREFULLY,
  and THOUROUGHLY.
• Beginning at the outer edge, press the flat part
  of your fingers in small circles, moving circles
  slowly around breast.
• Finally, squeeze nipple gently and look for any
  discharge.

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Problems of the female reproductive system

• Related to menstruation.
• Cramps- abdominal cramps at the beginning of each
  period. Light exercise, or a heating pad can help
  relieve these.
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
• Symptoms include nervousness, fatigue, anxiety,
  mood swings, and bloating.

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• Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Women ages 15-19 are the most frequent victims.
• TSS is a rare but serious disease associated with
  tampon use.

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More problems

• Blocked fallopian tube
• LEADING cause of female infertility
• Causes include pelvic inflammatory disease or
  abdominal surgery.

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• Endometriosis
• SECOND leading cause of infertility
• Uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often
  appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and
  abdominal cavity.

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• PID Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Infection of fallopian tubes,ovaries, and
  surrounding areas in a womans pelvis.
• It can damage reproductive organs
• Usually caused by STDs

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