An Overview of Climate Change Mitigation: A First Nations Perspective

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An Overview of Climate Change Mitigation A First
Nations Perspective
Saskatchewans First Nations Pathfinder for
Climate Change Opportunities
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Why should I care about climate change?

• Glance at the sun. See the moon and the stars.
  Gaze at the beauty of the Earths greenings.
  Now, think.
• Hildegard von Bingen (1098 1179)

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Who will notice if I care about climate change?
Is heaven more beautiful than the country of the
muskox in summer when sometimes the mist blows
over the lakes, and sometimes the water is blue,
and the loons cry very often?  - Saltatha Inuit
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Everything is Connected

• The holistic approach to life is the view that
  all living things and matter are connected.

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Everything is Recycled

• Matter, everything, on Earth is constantly
  recycled.

Listen carefully this, you can hear me. Im
telling you because Earth just like mother and
father or brother of you. That tree same
thingTree working when you sleeping and
dream. -- Bill Neiddjie, Kakadu Australian
Aboriginal
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Why should I change my lifestyle to prevent
climate change?

• Theres an old saying which goes Once the last
  tree is cut and the last river poisoned, you will
  find you cannot eat your money.
• Joyce McLean, Canadian

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Fossil Fuel Consumption
"Our greatest sin is overengineering. We may not
be able to live forever, but we make darn sure
that our garbage will.  - J. Herbert Waite
biomimeticist.
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Atmospheric Methane

• A child born in a wealthy country is likely to
  consume, waste, and pollute more in his lifetime
  than 50 children born in developing nations. Our
  energy-burning lifestyles are pushing our planet
  to the point of no return. It is dawning on us
  at last that the life of our world is as
  vulnerable as the children we raise.
• -- George Carey,
• Archbishop of Canterbury, UK

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Images and information fromhttp//atlas.gc.ca/sit
e/english/maps/climatechange/atmospherestress
Greenhouse Gases

• Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Emissions in 1990
• Emissions in 1998
• Projected Emissions in 2010
• Projected Emissions in 2020

• Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity,
  2010
• Low (550 - 1000 tonnes CO2 / M RDP)
• Moderate (1100 - 1600 tonnes CO2 / M RDP)
• High (2200 - 2450 tonnes CO2 / M RDP)

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Who will Climate Change Affect?
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Introductions

• First Nations Energy Pathfinder

• West Wind Environmental Inc.

• We assist First Nations with
• Finding ways to save money
• Exploring Energy Opportunities
• Developing Sustainable Energy Plans
• Monitoring and Tracking energy uses in First
  Nations communities and
• Software such as RETscreen.

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• How long have I known you, oh Canada? Two
  hundred years? Yes, a hundred years. And many,
  many seelanum more. And today, when you
  celebrate your one hundred years, oh Canada, I am
  sad for all the Indian people throughout the
  land.
• For I have known you when your forests were mine
  when they gave me my meat and my clothing. I
  have known you in your streams and rivers where
  your fish flashed and danced in the sun, where
  the waters said come, come and eat of my
  abundance. I have known you in the freedom of
  your winds. And my spirit, like the winds, once
  roamed your good lands.
• -- Excerpt from Chief Dan Georges 1967 Canada's
  Confederation Centennial Speech

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Climate Change Everyones Problem

• Kyoto Accord
• By the year 2010, atmospheric CO2 is expected to
  increase by over 30 over the 1990 levels.

• Canada has committed to reducing GHGs by 6 below
  those 1990 levels.

• How does Canada obtain its goals in reducing GHGs
  and creating energy savings?
• Energy Efficiency

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Climate Change is Happening Now in Canada
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Increased risk of fire
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Who is responsible for Climate Change?

• We are all responsible!
• Each and everyone of us has to do our part to
  reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• When we look at the big picture, it is easy to
  see that industrialized nations release most of
  the greenhouse gases. But, as developing nations
  enter their own industrial stages their emissions
  are also increasing.
• Can our mother, Earth, sustain this increased
  burden?
• Can we adapt to the changing climate?

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ANCAP

• The Aboriginal and Northern Community Action
  Program (ANCAP) is a partnership between Indian
  and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) and Natural
  Resources Canada (NRCan).
• ANCAP is focused on engaging Aboriginal and
  northern communities in all provinces and
  territories to become active partners in
  greenhouse gas emission reduction.

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The Strategy

• ANCAP will reduce GHG emissions through four key
  actions
• improved energy planning and management in
  communities
• renewable energy and improved technology
  applications (i.e. small hydro, wind, solar,
  biomass, hybrid systems)
• improved management systems/technologies to
  reduce GHG emissions from freight/human
  transport, particularly in the North and to
  remote communities
• and, enhanced energy efficiency of existing and
  new Aboriginal housing and facilities.

• These actions will build capacity in Aboriginal
  and northern communities to manage energy use and
  generation more efficiently.

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ANCAP Programs, March 2005 to March 2006

• 3 to 5 energy baselines per region
• 3 wind monitoring projects per region
• Identification of 5 community champions in each
  region
• Community capacity program and
• 3 to 5 blower door projects per region.

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Energy Efficiency Strategies

• The federal government through Natural Resources
  Canada offers several programs that help to
  improve design and performance of residential,
  commercial, institutional and industrial
  buildings. As well, they offer information and
  incentives on purchasing energy efficient
  appliances and equipment.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• EnerGuide for Housing (EGH)
• Together EGH and ANCAP have developed a strategy
  which attempts to address specific barriers to
  energy efficiency retrofits to existing homes on
  First Nation and Inuit lands by
• providing training assistance to deliver EGH
  energy audits
• Deploying equipment to conduct these audits and
• Providing financial assistance to deliver the EGH
  audits and to conduct energy efficiency
  retrofits.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• EnerGuide for Low-Income Households
• A 500-million, 5 year initiative that will
  assist 130,000 low-income Canadians with making
  energy-efficiency retrofits to make their homes
  more affordable and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
  emissions that contribute to climate change.
• The program will be delivered through Canada
  Mortgage and Housing Corporations (CMHC)
  Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program
  (RRAP). Energy evaluations will be performed
  through Natural Resources Canada's EnerGuide for
  Houses service, and assistance for energy audits
  on large apartment buildings will be provided
  through EnerGuide for Existing Buildings
  (formerly known as the Energy Innovators
  Initiative).
• This initiative will be available to owners of
  homes, multiple-unit buildings and rooming houses
  built prior to 1980 and may be used for energy
  retrofits such as draft-proofing, heating system
  upgrades and window replacement.
• Incentives will vary by structure type and
  location. For single, row and semi-detached
  housing, financial assistance will be between
  3,500 and 5,000, based on receipts and
  location. For multiple-unit buildings and
  rooming houses, financial assistance will be
  between 1,000 and 1,500 per unit.
• Applicants must meet existing RRAP income
  qualifications which take into account household
  size and variations in local housing market
  costs. That is eligibility will be based on the
  housing market in each region as well as the cost
  of living in each region.
• The program will be available in early January
  2006.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• High Efficiency Home Heating System Cost Relief
  Program
• In Canada, space heating accounts for 60 of
  household energy use. As a result, this
  five-year 105 million initiative will provide
  incentives to install modern, efficient heating
  systems to offset heating costs over the
  long-term. Incentives will range from 100 to
  300.
• This incentive can lead to significant energy and
  money savings. By installing a high efficiency
  furnace, Canadians can reduce their energy use by
  as much as 35 percent, which is the equivalent of
  saving 350 on an annual heating bill of 1,000.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• EnerGuide for Existing Buildings
• The Community and Institutional Buildings Program
  is a new component of EnerGuide for Existing
  Buildings (formerly the Energy Innovators
  Initiative). It will expand on existing
  initiatives aimed at community buildings and
  hospitals, schools, universities and other
  institutional buildings and help them reduce
  energy use and improve the energy efficiency of
  their facilities. 157 million has been earmarked
  for the Community and Institutional Buildings
  Program, to lead to energy saving retrofits in
  over 8,000 institutional buildings.
• EnerGuide for Existing Buildings (EEB) will also
  continue to target the commercial building
  sector. 53 million will be provided to renew
  this component for an additional five years, and
  is expected to result in retrofits to 2,600
  commercial buildings.
• Eligible organizations will receive up to 25 per
  cent of the cost of the project to a maximum of
  250,000 for retrofit measures that lead to
  verified energy savings. Training and
  information on energy efficiency are also
  provided.
• In total, EEB will leverage over 1 billion in
  private and institutional sector investments,
  resulting in over 330 million in annual energy
  cost savings and GHG reductions of 2.25
  megatonnes.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• NRCans EnerGuide for Existing Buildings (EEB)
  aides commercial enterprise and institutions in
  exploring energy efficiency options and
  strategies. This initiative provides
  accessibility to tools, services and funding for
  planning and retrofit measures.

• Eligible activities include
• Energy audits
• Feasibility studies
• Energy management plans and
• Other measures and developments leading to energy
  savings.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• NRCan also offers the R-2000 standards program.
• By offering training and capacity building the
  R-2000 program promotes the construction of
  energy efficient, environmentally friendly and
  healthy homes.

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Federal Energy Efficiency Strategies

• NRCans Commercial Building Incentive Program
  (CBIP) offers financial incentive for the design
  of commercial and institutional buildings.
• Like the R-2000 Standard, CBIP promotes the
  construction of energy efficient, environmentally
  friendly and healthy facilities.

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Federal Renewable Energy Strategies

• NRCans Renewable Energy Deployment Initiative
  (REDI) promotes the use of renewable energy
  systems for space and water heating and cooling
  in businesses, institutions and federal
  buildings.

• Eligible systems include
• active solar hot water systems
• active solar air heating systems
• high-efficient, low-emitting biomass combustion
  systems and
• ground-source heat pumps are NOT eligible.

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Energy For You and Your Community

• Renewable Energy Capacity-Building Program
  (RECAP)
• Types of ProjectsCapacity building in renewable
  energy technologies (RETScreen)
• Training
• Promotes the deployment of renewable energy
  systems by building capacity to implement
  projects successfully.
• Provides enabling tools such as software,
  databases, maps and manuals.
• Provides training activities such as the
  internet, CD-ROMs, training material and case
  studies, professional training workshops.
• Provides project implementation support in high
  priority markets such as Canadian remote
  communities.

• Contact Ron Alward, [phone], Energy Sector

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Energy For You and Your Community

• Wind Power Production Incentive Will be
  expanded, details still need to be determined
• Focuses on wind farms with a minimum capacity of
  500 kW, in northern and remote regions the
  minimum capacity is 20 kW.
• Financial support for the installation of 1,000
  megawatts of new capacity over 5 years.
• Incentives
• April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2003 .1.2 /kWh
• April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006 .1.0 /kWh
• April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007 . 0.8 /kWh

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Energy For You and Your Community

• Renewable Power Production Incentive
• Provides an incentive to renewable power
  developers to bring renewable-energy technology
  to the consumer faster.
• Eligible projects under the initiative would
  receive an incentive payment of one cent per
  kilowatt-hour of renewable-energy production for
  the first ten years of operation for projects
  commissioned between April 1, 2006, and March 31,
  2011. The program has set an initial target of
  1,500 megawatts of new, electricity-generating
  capacity from renewable energy.
• In the 2005 budget, the Government set aside 97
  million over the next five years and a total of
  886 million over 15 years for the RPPI.

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Energy For You and Your Community (contd.)

• RETScreen
• Software which is a standardized and integrated
  renewable energy project analysis tool
• Evaluates energy production, life-cycle costs and
  greenhouse gas emission reductions for eight
  different renewable energy technologies
• Allows communities to prepare community energy
  plans in a cost-effective and timely manner
• RETScreen has helped identify and initiate
  cost-effective projects in a large number of
  Aboriginal communities.

• Contacts Greg Leng, [phone] orRon
  Alward, [phone], Energy SectorWeb site
  http//retscreen.gc.ca

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Want to Know How to Meet Your Personal Challenge
Goals?
Visit The One-Tonne Challenge Government of
Canada www.climatechange.gc.ca The Nature
Challenge David Suzuki Foundation https//www.da
vidsuzuki.org/WOL/Challenge/ One-Less Tonne
Tool Pembina Institute http/www.onelesstonne.ca
/ Energy Literacy Series Challenge Tools
SEEDS http//greenschools.ca/seeds/
The One-Tonne Challenge asks Canadians to reduce
their annual greenhouse gas emissions by 20 or
about one tonne.
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Where do we start?

• Start with energy efficiencies first.

Admit It You Emit It!
Climate Change Everyones Problem!
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AndBy Having a Set of Goals
Energy bills reduced by 30 to 40 percent and the
amount of living space available to community
members increased dramatically. -- Chris
Maracle, Bay of Quinte Mohawks With the
installation of the single wind turbine, about
40,000 litres of diesel fuel is displaced each
year. -- Nunavut Power Corporation, Rankin
Inlet Together, the Solarwall/HRV system resulted
in a cost-savings of over 3000 and displaced
6,369 litres of fuel. -- Recreation Centre, Fort
Smith, NWT One of our goals in Kahnawake is to
reduce our dependence on outside resources and to
become increasingly conscious of the broad impact
that our use of materials and energy has on
others and our future generations. -- Lynn
Katsitsaronkwas Jacobs, Kanata Healthy Housing
Project
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The Challenge
Success
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Thank You!
A true conservationist is a man who knows that
the world is not given by his fathers, but
borrowed from his children. -- John James
Audubon (1785-1851)