Science Focus: Development of technology for forecasting relationships between coastal development a

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Center of Excellence for Oceans Human Health at
the Hollings Marine Laboratory

• Science Focus Development of technology for
  forecasting relationships between coastal
  development and ecosystem and public health.

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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HML Primary Focus Areas

• Develop Pathogen Detection Source Tracking
  Tools
• Develop Methods for Emerging Chemical Pollutants
• Evaluate Sentinel Species Sentinel Habitats as
  Early Warning Systems
• Applied Marine Genomics
• Marine Animal Health
• Tidal Creeks
• Develop Tools for Forecasting Assessing Impacts
  of Coastal Development on Ecosystem and Public
  Health
• Develop Tools for Assessing Seafood Benefits and
  Risks

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Framework for Early Warning System
Pressure
State
Response
Ecosystem Condition
Natural Human Stressors
Societal Responses
Forecasts Assessments
Characterization Integration
New Methods, Tools Technology - Source
Tracking - Chemical Methods - Marine
Genomics
Engage Managers Public - Seminars -
Briefings/workshops
Sentinel Species - Oysters - Shrimp -
Dolphins
Sentinel Habitats - Tidal Creeks
New Policies Actions - Stormwater Ordinances


Prevention and Remediation
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Pathogen Source Tracking Core

• Develop the capacity to quantify and determine
  the sources of pathogens in coastal environments
• Bacteria, viruses, protozoan
• Rapid, sensitive reliable indicators
• Multiplex techniques for complex mixtures
• Field test and validate methods
• Sentinel organisms
• Sentinel habitats
• Southeast, West coast

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Pathogen Source Tracking Highlights

• Optimized and adapted existing techniques for
  capture and quantification of enteric viruses
• Competitive Internal Positive Controls (CIPC) for
  Enterovirus and Norovirus (Gregory and Nobel)
• Demonstrated viral coliphages provided are a
  cost-effective indicator system that includes
  viruses.
• Adapted promising targets (e.g. Bacteriodetes,
  Methobrevibacter) to Luminex and PCR technology
  for rapid differentiation of human-source
  contamination (with J. Unfar, USM).
• Participated in epidemiology study of CA beaches.
• Participated in tidal creeks field study to test
  indicators NC GA.

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Results of Methods Evaluation Study
Number of positive samples per number of samples
analyzed
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Chemical Contaminant Goals

• Develop the capacity to detect and quantify
  emerging contaminants of concern.
• PCBEs, pharmaceuticals, new pesticides,
  antifouling products
• Document the presence and amount of emerging
  contaminants in the marine environment and
  evaluate the effects on representative marine
  organisms.
• PBC, pharmaceuticals, antifouling products
• Southeast, West coast

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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ECC Accomplishments

• Methods Development
• 13 PBDEs in sediments tissues
• Pharmaceuticals (simvastatin, ciprofloxacin,
  erythromycin, oxytetracycline, fluoxetine,
  estrogens)
• Anti-fouling agents (irgarol, diuron,
  chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid)
• Toxicology on Suite of Marine Biota
• Several PBDEs
• Simvastatin
• Irgarol
• Monitoring and Assessment
• PBDEs in SC, NC, GA, GoM (Karina), Chesapeake Bay
  South Atlantic Bight 500 sites
• Antifouling agents in SC, CA Puerto Rico

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Pharmaceutical Highlights
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Oxytetracycline Findings
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Sentinel Habitats Research

• Develop and field test conceptual model as early
  warning system
• Region, nation
• NERR Demonstration Project
• Develop Creek Classification Framework
• Resolve scale issues
• Threshold values for creek classes
• Develop Forecasting Tools
• Volume and rate of runoff
• Pollution exposure
• Linkages to degree of coastal development

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Conceptual Model of Tidal Creek Linkages
Societal Response
Ecological Response
Stressor
Exposure
Health and Welfare
Physical- Chemical Changes
Living Resources
Coastal Development Activities
Impaired Water Quality Hydrography
Impaired Water Quality Hydrography
Increased Population Density
Beach and Shellfish Bed Closures
Impaired Animal Health
Microbial and Pathogen Contamination
Vulnerability to Flooding
Reduced Biological Productivity
Microbial and Pathogen Contamination
Altered Land Cover
Chemical Contamination
Increased Impervious Cover
Chemical Contamination
Public Health Risk Economic Impact
Altered Food Webs
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Rainfall Measured Hydrograph
Old House Creek
43-hr 4.6" rain (2.0 2.6)
50
0.0
Old House
40
0.4
30
0.8
Rainfall intensity (in.hr
Runoff rate (cfs)
20
1.2
-1
10
1.6
)
0
2.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
Time (hrs)
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National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Flow Curve Number Method
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Predicted Hydrographs
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Estuarine Gradients
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Fecal Coliforms Summer 2006
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Pathogen Results
Summer, 2005
Winter, 2005
5
4
F Coliphage (Log10 (PFU / 100mL))
3
2
1
0
Forested
Suburban
Urban
Forested
Suburban
Urban
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Fecal Coliform vs Impervious Cover
5.0
4.5
4.0
R2
0.63
3.5
3.0
2.5
Fecal Coliforms (log(cfu/100ml))
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Impervious Cover ()
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Chemicals Pollutants vs Impervious Cover
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Flame Retardant Contamination
Total PBDE (ng/g dry wt)

Forested Suburban
Urban
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Conceptual Model of Tidal Creek Linkages
Societal Response
Ecological Response
Stressor
Exposure
Health and Welfare
Physical- Chemical Changes
Living Resources
Coastal Development Activities
Impaired Water Quality Hydrography
Increased Population Density
Beach and Shellfish Bed Closures
Impaired Animal Health
Impaired Animal Health
Microbial and Pathogen Contamination
Vulnerability to Flooding
Reduced Biological Productivity
Reduced Biological Productivity
Altered Land Cover
Increased Impervious Cover
Chemical Contamination
Public Health Risk Economic Impact
Altered Food Webs
Altered Food Webs
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Sentinel Species Animal Health Tools

• Build the capacity to develop genomic tools for
  assessing the health of marine organisms
  (oysters, shrimp dolphins).
• Conduct multi-stressor (metals, hypoxia,
  pathogen) experiments to validate the new genomic
  tools (oysters).
• Develop the modeling and bioinformatics tools
  required for synthesis of animal health data.

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Genomic Tool Development

• cDNA Microarrays
• Oysters - 7,000 unigenes from C. virginica C.
  gigas 1,500 arrays printed
• Shrimp - 3,000 unigenes 1,000 arrays printed
• Dolphins - 3,000 unigenes 500 arrays printed
• Multi-stressor (metals) and immune challenge
  experiments
• Oysters microarray physiological responses
  including biomarkers

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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SC Benthic Index
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Conceptual Model of Tidal Creek Linkages
Societal Response
Ecological Response
Stressor
Exposure
Health and Welfare
Physical- Chemical Changes
Living Resources
Coastal Development Activities
Beach and Shellfish Bed Closures
Impaired Water Quality Hydrography
Increased Population Density
Beach and Shellfish Bed Closures
Impaired Animal Health
Microbial and Pathogen Contamination
Vulnerability to Flooding
Reduced Biological Productivity
Vulnerability to Flooding
Altered Land Cover
Increased Impervious Cover
Chemical Contamination
Public Health Risk Economic Impact
Public Health Risk Economic Impact
Altered Food Webs
10-20 Impervious Cover
20-30 Impervious Cover
10-30 Impervious Cover
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Water Budgets Forested Watershed
Evapotranspiration (PET)
Rainfall
Stormwater Runoff
Subsurface flow
Groundwater recharge
Forested Watershed
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Water Budgets Developed Watershed
Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory
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Forecasting and Assessment Approach
(a) Watershed Attributes
(c) Bacterial Indicators
5
4
Fecals (log (x1) CFU/100mL)
Impervious cover ()
3
2
1
0
Forested Suburban Urban
14
30
Charleston Flood Prone Areas
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Summary

• Improved tools for measuring pathogens and ECCs
  have been developed and field tested.
• Understanding and forecasting runoff is critical
  for predicting the impacts of coastal development
  on ecosystem and public health and well-being.
• Approachs and tools for forecasting impacts of
  coastal development on ecosystem and public
  health and well-being have been developed and are
  in calibration mode for the Southeast.
• Sentinel organisms sentinel habitat
• Next the Gulf of Mexico
• Tidal Creek Platform can be used by others to
  test indicators and hypotheses

Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health
at the Hollings Marine Laboratory