Climate Working Group Meeting Washington, DC

1
Welcome
Chet Koblinsky Director, NOAA Climate Program

• Climate Working Group MeetingWashington, DC
• March 29, 2005

2
Meeting Agenda - March 29

• 800 Continental Breakfast
• 830 Executive Session Abbott/OSU
• CWG membership
• Relationship with SAB and other organizational
  challenges.
• 1000 Break
• 1030 OPEN MEETING
• Welcome Koblinsky/CPO
• Opening Remarks Abbott/OSU
• Climate Program Update Koblinsky/CPO
• Discussion
• 1200 Lunch
• 100 The Climate of the 20th and 21st
  century Leetmaa/GFDL
• Discussion
• 230 Break
• 300 CLIVAR update and potential importance of
  CLIVAR science themes in
• NOAA programs in 2008-2012 Weller/WHOI
• Discussion - Role of external community in NOAA
  climate programs in 2008-2012
• 430 Role of external community in NOAA planning
  processes
• Thematic workshops lead by Joint Institutes

3
Meeting Agenda - March 30

• 800 Continental Breakfast
• 800 Arctic Climate Issues for FY08-12 - the IPY
  and its legacy Walsh/UA
• 0900 Climate impacts on fisheries, issues for
  FY08-12 Weller/WHOI
• NPCREP program in North Pacific and Bering
  Sea Cyr/NMFS
• 1000 Break
• 1030 Climate upper atmospheric observing systems
  for the 21st century Murray/OGP
• 1115 Planning for climate data records from
  environmental satellites Karl/NCDC
• 1200 Lunch
• 100 Executive Session of CWG
• Discussion on themes of this meeting and major
  concerns for FY08-12Break
• Plans for CWG retreat in July
• Major themes Integration across the program
• how well is the end-to-end system working
• how to measure performance.
• Other topics/issues
• Proposed invitees? External invited speakers?
  
• Summarize Actions
• Adjourn

4
Meeting Agenda - March 29

• 800 Continental Breakfast
• 830 Executive Session Abbott/OSU
• CWG membership
• Relationship with SAB and other organizational
  challenges.
• 1000 Break
• 1030 OPEN MEETING
• Welcome Koblinsky/CPO
• Opening Remarks Abbott/OSU
• Climate Program Update Koblinsky/CPO
• Discussion
• 1200 Lunch
• 100 The Climate of the 20th and 21st
  century Leetmaa/GFDL
• Discussion
• 230 Break
• 300 CLIVAR update and potential importance of
  CLIVAR science themes in
• NOAA programs in 2008-2012 Weller/WHOI
• Discussion - Role of external community in NOAA
  climate programs in 2008-2012
• 430 Role of external community in NOAA planning
  processes
• Thematic workshops lead by Joint Institutes

5
Climate Program Update
Chet Koblinsky Director, NOAA Climate Program

• Climate Working Group MeetingWashington, DC
• March 29, 2005

6
Comings Goings

• New Secretary Designate Carlos Gutierrez
• Retired Ernest Hollings
• Committee highlights
• Out Ted Stevens- Senate Appropriations Chair
• Out Judd Gregg- Senate CJS Appropriations Chair
• In Thad Cochran- Senate Appropriations Chair
• In Richard Shelby Senate CJS Appropriations
  Chair
• In Jerry Lewis- House Appropriations Chair
• In Ted Stevens- Commerce Chair
• In Inouye, Ranking member Commerce
• In Judd Gregg-Senate Budget Chair

7
NOAA Authorizing Committees

• Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation
• House Resources
• House Science

8
Surprise Reorganizations in 109th Congress

• U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and
  Transportation announced it will expand from
  seven to ten subcommittees with one-half of the
  subcommittees having jurisdiction over NOAA
  programs.
• Subcommittee on Science and Space NESDIS
• Subcommittee on Fisheries and the Coast Guard
  NMFS except for reauthorization of the
  Magnuson-Stevens Act which will be handled by the
  full Committee.
• Subcommittee on Global Climate Change NOAA
  climate change research programs.
• Subcommittee on Disaster Prevention and
  Prediction National Weather Service.
• National Ocean Policy Study Ocean Commission
  Recommendations.

9
Appropriations Reorganization in 109th Congress
a Surprise

• It started with the House Appropriations
  Committee announced that has contracted from
  13 to ten Subcommittees.
• --The Senate Appropriations Committee, despite
  some opposition, eventually acceded to most of
  changes.In House, NOAAs funding subcommittee
  has been renamed the Science, State, Justice and
  Commerce Subcommittee.
• In the Senate, the funding subcommittee has been
  renamed the Commerce, Justice and Science
  Subcommittee.

10
Appropriations Reorganization in 109th Congress
a Surprise

• The reorganization will have these effects on
  NOAA.
• NOAA will now be considered by both the Senate
  and House subcommittees for funding along with
  
  
• 16.5B
  FY 06 budget request
• 5.6B FY 06 budget request
• 
  3.6B FY 06 budget request
• Although budget allocations should cover all of
  the requests, it is ultimately up to the
  Subcommittees to divvy up the money.
  
  

11
NOAAs Unique Hill Relationship

• Viewed as a non-political science-based agency
  
• Intense support from key leaders
• Positive public imageprograms touch
  constituents lives daily
• Fisheries regulations causes most controversy and
  Member concern

12
House Science Committee
13
House Science Committee
Environment, Technology and Standards Subcommittee
14
House Appropriations Committee
15
House Appropriations Committee
Science, State, the Judiciary and Commerce
Subcommittee
Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation
Committee
16
Senate Appropriations CJS Committee
17
Senate CJS Appropriations Subcommittees
Science and Space Subcommittee
Fisheries and the Coast Guard Subcommittee
Global Climate Change Subcommittee
Disaster Prevention and Prediction Subcommittee
National Ocean Policy Study
18
Senate Commerce, Justice, and Science Subcommittee
19
Understand Climate Variability and Change to
Enhance Societys Ability to Plan and Respond
Relationship to 2005 NOAA Strategic Plan
Programs
20
NOAA Climate Program Overarching Organization
(NEW)
NOAA Management
Science Advisory Board
NOAA Planning
NOAA Research
External Advisory Panel
NOAA Climate Program Office
Climate Program Board
NEW Administers goal and programs Includes
Climate Office Office of Global Programs Climate
Observations and Services Program Office of
Climate Observations and ARGO Arctic Research
Office
Develops program All NOAA represented
Provides scientific and programmatic advice
21
PPBES Process




FY
FY/FY/FY/FY/FY
PLANNING
BUDGETING
PROGRAMMING
EXECUTION
External Inputs
Internal Inputs
Execute Approved LO / Program Annual Oper Plans
Analysis of Assessment by PAE
Strat Plan Budget View
Budget Preparation
FY07
FY05
Strategic Plan Review
Indiv. Perf. Plans
DoC
Fiscal Programming Guidance
TODAY FY08
OMB

• Report Results
• Eval Performance
• Make Adjustments

Program Baseline Asmnts
Goal Program Plans
PRES. BUDGET
Goal Asmnts
CWG Fall Meeting
FY06
Program Plan Evaluation by PAE
CONGRESS
Annual Business Report
Appropriation
CWG July Retreat
BOP
Program Decision Memorandum (PDM)
LO SO AOPs
AGM
Close-out
Program AOPs
22
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg
Decision Support The Panel suggests
consideration of linkages between water resource
management efforts and some of the major
ecosystem restoration efforts throughout the
country (e.g., CalFed, Everglades, Chesapeake,
Upper Mississippi, etc.). RESPONSE Progress
being made in California (Cal Fed) through CAP
RISA. There was also a strong call for Decision
Support Research, focusing on potential users for
existing and potential climate products, to
provide feedback to help guide NOAA RD decisions
and to evaluate use of current products. This
type of effort could be undertaken as a focus for
external grant programs and through Working Group
Subcommittee(s). Finally, inclusion of data on
user satisfaction might be included as a
performance measure, but this would necessitate a
stable system for feedback from user
community. RESPONSE Working with RISA, RCC,
and IRI to collect user feedback this
spring. Comments Specific to NIDIS Though an
end-to-end type schematic was presented, the
mechanisms for soliciting input from potential
customers was never explained beyond placement of
personnel at WFOs after receiving a brief course
in climatology. Climate issues necessitate a
range of approaches, knowledge bases and outreach
skills that are not natural extensions of
weather. Thus, the panel felt this was not a wise
expenditure of funds. RESPONSE NIDIS
Implementation Team established w/ weather and
climate participants. Bob Livezey to lead.
Decision support program is comprised of local to
international interfaces with users, including
RISA, RCC, WFO, IRI, State Climatologists,
Extension Specialists etc.
23
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg

• Integrated Surface Observing System
• It was suggested that a metric would be the use
  of the data by centers other than NCDC. It is
  also regarded as setting a good example for other
  countries to follow to make the data available.
• Other mesonets such as that from Oklahoma (which
  is partnered with NOAA), and others, such as
  SNOTEL or local TV weather networks have
  potential to provide useful information but the
  quality of the data must be assured. Therefore
  providing guidelines on how to run such networks
  and emphasizing the need for metadata should be
  encouraged.
• RESPONSE Needs to be addressed ISOS plan.
• Integrated Ocean Observing System
• Still developing are the connections to data
  assimilation and the strategy for reanalysis.
  The latter should be recognized as a need for how
  the data are archived and made available for
  access back to the community (via DMAC).
  Connections to other highly relevant ongoing
  projects, including GODAE, but also others such
  as GODAS and satellite data for the ocean, need
  to be established and improved and a strategy
  developed for responding to and building on their
  results.
• RESPONSE Mike Johnson taking steps in this
  direction with Global IOOS.

24
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg

• CCSP Atmospheric Composition
• The WG is concerned that there still may be a
  lack of connectivity between this element and
  modeling, as well as remote sensing.
• RESPONSE Remains a concern. Topic for July
  Retreat.
• CCSP North American Carbon Program
• The Panel expressed its continuing concern about
  an apparent lack of integration in the observing
  and analyses plans as presented.
• RESPONSE Remains a concern. New annual
  Princeton Carbon Science Meeting may help to
  address this issue.
• Arctic Programs and IPY
• The Panel expressed concern about the scope of
  the proposed program, the connection of the
  Arctic Program with the Climate Program goals,
  and its priority within the larger program. It
  was suggested that the Climate Program might have
  to balance enhancement of climate modeling
  activities against the proposed efforts to
  support the IPY activities. The Panel also noted
  a lack of coherence in the plan while the
  regional focus was clear, the proposed activities
  did not appear to integrate well.
• RESPONSE Lack of integration still a concern,
  but Climate and Arctic Workshop addressed some
  issues. John Walsh will discuss tomorrow.

25
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg

• OGP Program Foci FY06-07
• One of the potentially impacted areas,
  paleoclimate and abrupt climate change, has begun
  a community-led strategic planning process based
  on a recent NRC report.
• RESPONSE Report in draft form is being worked
  on
• Decision support is better integrated into
  program planning, as a result of the initiative
  to develop climate services. However, much work
  remains to be done.
• RESPONSE Planning activity in progress
• CLASS will require significant financial and
  technical resources, and it is a critical element
  of a successful Climate Program. Koblinsky would
  like to establish a specific group to examine
  CLASS and its relationship to the Climate Program
  as part of an overall effort in data
  stewardship.
• RESPONSE Major priority in FY07-FY11 plan.
  Group not established.
• The Climate Program continues its efforts to
  integrate the other elements of NOAA, However,
  some elements such as NOS and NESDIS need to be
  more fully engaged. Such integration must
  continue as initiatives such as CCSP, GEOSS, the
  National Integrated Drought Information System,
  and the International Polar Year will require a
  comprehensive approach by NOAA.
• RESPONSE Working on it. NIDIS planning team
  established.

26
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg

• Summary Comments
• There are major investments in observations and
  services, but the Climate Program should consider
  additional investment in analysis and related
  activities.
• RESPONSE Global IOOS program will include
  funding for analysis. Support for atmospheric
  and Arctic reanalysis in future budgets.
• The role of the competitive grants program
  should be strengthened in the FY07-FY11 time
  frame. While it is strong in Decision Support,
  Climate Test Bed and Ocean Observations, it is
  not in others.
• RESPONSE Remains a problem. Needs to be
  addressed in FY08 planning. Weller CLIVAR
  discussion today on this topic.
• Climate Program will need to improve the
  linkages between observing systems, analyses,
  modeling and services.
• RESPONSE Focus of CWG July retreat
• NOAAs role in ecosystem observations remains
  unclear
• RESPONSE Remains a problem. Better
  coordination with Eco Goal Team. Weller and Cyr
  will discuss tomorrow.

27
Responses to Oct 2004 Mtg

• Summary Comments
• The WG requested that the NOAA Science Advisory
  Board
• Approve the revised WG Terms of Reference
• Approve new committee membership, rotation and
  meeting schedules
• Encourage enhanced interactions with the NWS
  and broader participation by other members of the
  enterprise in the Climate Program
• Strongly endorse the Climate Program FY07-FY11
  priorities.

28
Budget UpdateFY05 Priorities

• Climate Change Science Program/Climate Change
  Research Initiative
• GEOSS Integrated Ocean Observations - Tier 1
  Global
• Carbon Cycle Monitoring
• Atmospheric Composition - Aerosols
• Advance NOAAs Modeling Capability Climate
  Modeling
• Research to Operations Transition Climate
  Test-Bed Development realignment of existing
  funds.
• Improve Climate Services Decision Support
• Research to Operations Transition NOAA Climate
  Transition Program, 300K applied to program
• OFFSETS
• Climate Observations and Services Program (CCRI
  funds used to maintain base capabilities)
• Baseline Observatories
• Climate Reference Network
• Weather/Climate Connections
• Regional Assessments, Education, and Outreach
• Climate Change Assessment
• Climate Data and Information

29
Budget UpdateFY06 Priorities

• GEOSS Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
• Research to Operations Transition TAO made
  operational (funds transferred to NWS)
• Exploration of Indian Ocean with tropical
  moorings (New )
• TAO/PIRATA Improvements (New )
• Climate Change Science Program
• Ongoing Reanalysis of the Atmosphere (New )
• Atmospheric Composition - studies of indirect
  effect (New )
• Climate Information, Services and Products
• New Regional Integrated Science and Assessment
  program (New )
• Research to Operations Transition NOAA Climate
  Transition Program Awards
• Advance NOAAs Modeling Capability Climate
  Modeling
• Research to Operations Transition Climate
  Test-Bed Development
• Climate Research and Observations
• Baseline Observatories, Climate Reference
  Network, Weather/Climate Connections
• Regional Assessments, Education, and Outreach,
  Climate Change Assessment
• Climate Data and Information
• OFFSETS
• Climate and Global Change Programs (CCDD,
  ACC, GCC, CDEP, CVP, CPPA, SARP, RISA)

30
Budget Update FY07-FY11 Priorities

• Climate Information, Services and Products
  Climate Information (NIDIS)
• NIDIS includes Decision Support, GEOSS ISOS -
  HCN
• Climate Change Science Program
• Advance NOAAs Modeling Capability Climate
  Modeling
• Research to Operations Transition Climate
  Test-Bed
• Modeling Capability Earth System Modeling
  Framework
• Research to Operations Transition Reforecasting
• GEOSS Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
• IOOS Data Management and Communications (DMAC) -
  Global
• IOOS Tier 1 - Global Observations
• Climate Information, Services and Products
  International Polar Year
• Integrated Observations Data Management
• Comprehensive Large Array data Stewardship System
  (CLASS)

31
Potential Changes in Program

• 2004 2011

32
FY08-12 PlanningCompelling National Issues

• US Climate Change Science Program
• Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
• National Integrated Drought Information System
• Ocean Action Report

US Ocean Action Plan The Bush Administrations Res
ponse to the US Commission on Ocean Policy
33
FY08-12 Planning Stakeholder Forum Feedback

• 1. What should NOAAs priorities be to achieve
  Climate outcomes in the Strategic Plan?
• Air/Ocean coupling and terrestrial and solar
• NOAA develop tools that others can use
• NOAA could look at existing, successful education
  programs
• What should NOAA do to improve collaboration and
  partnerships?
• Mechanism needed for climate products to fit what
  private sector needs.
• How to create environment where different
  agencies/orgs can execute integrated planning.
• Develop a big idea strategic framework to
  nurture partnerships (e.g., NIH/NCI breast
  cancer)
• Develop tech assistance programs to support
  critical decision-making at other agencies with
  respect to climate change scenarios
• What actions can we take to incorporate NOAAs
  climate products into planning and
  decision-making in climate-sensitive sectors?
• Change NOAAs tech transfer office to tech
  commercialization, work with venture capitalists
• Current methods of evaluation (social benefits,
  contingent valuation method doesnt work need
  new valuation methods, need rigorous investment
  banking style valuation
• Who are you? What do you have? How do you get
  it? How good is it quality?

34
FY08-12 Planning Internal Discussions

• Major challenges identified in IPCC AR4
  Projections
• Post Kyoto requirements and IPCC AR5
• Integrated atmospheric observing system for
  climate
• Sustained data stewardship of satellite climate
  data records
• Reduce uncertainty of water vapor feedbacks in
  the atmosphere
• Regional monitoring of short- and long- lived
  aerosol and greenhouse gas emissions
• Regional Modeling
• Understanding of climate impacts on marine
  ecosystems and forecast capability
• Seamless transition of climate research products
  and services to operations and delivery at
  regional and local levels

35
FY08-12 Planning Competitive Program Discussions

• North American Coastal Observing System for Ocean
  Carbon Climate Change(IOOS)
• Drought Monitoring and Prediction (NIDIS)
• Abrupt Climate Change
• Analysis of Data Derived from Expanding Indian
  Ocean Array
• RISA expansion to new regions
• Establish and grow the RISA Targeted Cooperative
  Funding Program.
• Process Experiments
• Southern Ocean CO2 Pilot Studies
• Large-Scale Northern Hemisphere CO2 Process Study
• Southern Ocean Air-Sea CO2 Exchange Study
• Western Mountain Hydroclimate Monitoring and
  Prediction
• Dynamics of the Eastern Atlantic Marine ITCZ
  (AMI)
• Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE)
• Pacific Upwelling and Model Physics (PUMP)

36
FY08-12 Planning External Sources of Input

• Planning workshops with external community
• Jan 11-13 - CICOR Climate and NE Fisheries
• Feb 2,3 - CIFAR Climate and the Arctic
• Feb 9-11 - NOAA Boulder/CIRES/JISAO Integrated
  Upper Air Workshop
• March 2 Annual NOAA Stakeholder Meeting
• March 9 - Meeting with Cooperative Institute
  Directors
• March 29,30 Climate Working Group
• April 13,14 - NRC BASC and CRC, role of NRC
• April 18-20 - CO2 and Marine Calcification (PMEL)
• Apr 25-27 - NOAA OCO annual review Climate
  Research and the Sustained Ocean Observing System
  (AOML)
• Spring 05 - Carbon Science Workshop Princeton
• May 25, 26 - NOAA Climate Goal pre-Assessment
  Retreat
• July 5-8 Climate Working Group Retreat

37
Draft July Retreat

• Key Questions
• What is the present set of climate products and
  services?
• What does this set look like in 2005?
• What are the key steps in producing these?
• What are the missing steps?
• Overall Process
• Starting with desired information products,
  work back through modeling, research and
  observations to examine the supporting
  activities.

38
Draft July Retreat Agenda

• July 5 Information Products
• Outside Perspectives (speaker from other
  communites, e.g. health, agriculture)
• ENSO Predictions (H. Hartmann, U. of Arizona,
  E. Shea, U. of Hawaii)
• Water Management (K. Redmond, DRI S. Zebiak,
  IRI R. Livezey, NWS/CS K. Jacobs, U. of
  Arizona)
• Climate Forcing/ Climate if-then Scenarios
  (S. Pacala, Princeton M. McFarland, DuPont A.
  Leetmaa, GFDL G. Meehl, NCAR Dan Cayan, SIO)
• July 6 Research and Modeling
• Research (M. Cane, LDEO V. Ramanathan, SIO D.
  Lettenmaier, U. of Washington M. Hoerling, CDC)
• Modeling (J. Shukla, COLA V. Kousky, CPC J.
  OBrien, Florida State Univ. V. Ramaswamy, GFDL)
• July 7 Observing Systems
• Atmospheric (T. Karl, NCDC K. Trenberth, NCAR)
• Ocean (P. Niiler, SIO)
• Atmospheric Composition (P. Tans, CMDL)
• July 8 Wrapup/Draft Report

39
Thank you!

40
Meeting Agenda - March 29

• 800 Continental Breakfast
• 830 Executive Session Abbott/OSU
• CWG membership
• Relationship with SAB and other organizational
  challenges.
• 1000 Break
• 1030 OPEN MEETING
• Welcome Koblinsky/CPO
• Opening Remarks Abbott/OSU
• Climate Program Update Koblinsky/CPO
• Discussion
• 1200 Lunch
• 100 The Climate of the 20th and 21st
  century Leetmaa/GFDL
• Discussion
• 230 Break
• 300 CLIVAR update and potential importance of
  CLIVAR science themes in
• NOAA programs in 2008-2012 Weller/WHOI
• Discussion - Role of external community in NOAA
  climate programs in 2008-2012
• 430 Role of external community in NOAA planning
  processes
• Thematic workshops lead by Joint Institutes

41
BACKUP SLIDES
42
Competitive Programs

• Observations and Analysis Program
• Ocean Observations (OCO)
• Global Atmospheric Observing System (GCOS)
• Climate Change Data and Detection Program (CCDD)
• Climate Forcing Program
• Atmospheric Climate and Climate Program (ACC)
• Global Carbon Cycle Program Science (GCC)
• Predictions and Projections Program
• Climate Prediction Program for the Americas
  (CPPA)
• Climate Variability and Predictability Program
  (CVP)
• Climate Dynamics and Experimental Prediction
  Program (CDEP)
• Regional Decision Support Program
• Sectoral Application and Research Program (SARP)
• Regional Integrated Science and Support Program
  (RISA)

43
FY05 ProgramCompetitive Programs
SARP
RISA
Ocean Obs
CDEP
CVP
GCOS
CCDD
CPPA
ACC
GCC
44
CWG Membership Rotation
45
Potential CWG Member Nominees

• 1. Regional Services
• Kelly Redmond (Western RCC, DRC)
• D. Robinson (Rutgers, State Cli.)
• Ken Kunkel (Ill. State Water Survey)
• 2. Operations
• Tony Hollingsworth (ECMWF)
• Alan Betts (ECMWF)
• Vanessa L. Griffin (NASA Goddard Space Flight
  Center)
• 3. Industry
• Heidi Cullen (The Weather Channel)
• Raymond J. Ban (The Weather Channel)
• Bob Ryan (WRC-4)
• Kristie L. Ebi (Electric Power Research
  Institute)
• Frank Nutter (ReInsurance Assoc)
• George Frederick (Vaisala)
• Mack McFarland (DuPont) (Emissions and Atm.
  Comp.)
• Ken Haas (Ford Motor)
• Brian P. Flannery (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
  (Emissions, tech)
• T. Stephen Wittrig (BP) (Emissions, Tech.)

46
Potential CWG Member Nominees

• 4. Carbon
• Mike Bender (Princeton)
• Steve Pacala (Princeton)
• Steven C. Wofsy (Harvard University)
• Cindy Lee (SUNY-Stonybrook)
• Bob Anderson (LDEO/Columbia)
• Dave Karl (Univ. of Hawaii)
• A. Scott Denning (Colorado State University)
• Chris Field (Carnegie/Stanford)
• Alan Lucier (National Council for Air and Stream
  Improvement)
• 5. Decision Support
• Roger Pulwarty (Univ. of Colorado/CIRES)
• Katharine L. Jacobs (Arizona State Department of
  Water Resources)
• William Pizer or Molly Macauley (RFF)
• Eileen Shea (Univ. of Hawaii)
• David Cash (Mass State Env. Affairs) Air Policy
  (former Harvard U Clark group, evaluated dec.
  supp. activities)

47
Potential CWG Member Nominees

• 6. Socio-Economic Impacts
• Diana M. Liverman (Oxford)
• Bill Easterling (Pennsylvania State University)
• Diane McKnight (Ucolorado)
• Cynthia Rosenzweig (NASA GISS)
• 7. Water Resources/Land Processes
• Jim Shuttleworth (Univ. of Arizona)
• Eric Wood (Princeton)
• Dennis Lettenmaier (Univ. of Washington)
• John R. Townshend (University of Maryland)
• Douglas McChesney (Washington State Department of
  Ecology) or somebody from a State Water Resources
  Board
• Peter Gleick (Pacific Institute)
• David Matthews (Bureau of Reclamation)
• Daniel Lashof (Natural Resources Defense Council)
• Roni Avissar (Duke University)
• Jayant Sathaye (Lawrence Berkeley National
  Laboratory)
• Anthony C. Janetos (H. John Heinz, III Center)
• Steven W. Running (University of Montana)
• David Skole (Michigan State University)

48
Potential CWG Member Nominees

• 8. Oceans
• Paul Bissett (Florida Env. Res. Inst.)
• Rita Colwell (Univ. of Maryland, Canon)
• 9. Atmospheric Dynamics, Chemistry/Composition
• James Anderson (Harvard University)
• Daniel J. Jacob (Harvard University)
• William H. Brune (Pennsylvania State University)
• Mike Wallace (Univ. of Washington)
• James Hurrell (NCAR)
• 10. Ecosystem
• Richard A. Houghton (Woods Hole Research Center)
• 11. Polar
• John Walsh (Univ. of Alaska)
• Lawson W. Brigham (U.S. Arctic Research
  Commission)
• 12. Socio-Economic
• James A. Edmonds (PNNL)
• Andrew Solow (Woods Hole Oceanographic
  Institution)

49
Potential CWG Member Nominees

• 13. Climate Change and Modeling
• Max J. Suarez (NASA)
• Philip B. Duffy (Lawrence Livermore National
  Laboratory)
• 14. Observations and Data Systems
• Thomas A. Boden (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
• Bruce Wielicki (NASA Langley)
• Roberta Balstad Miller (Columbia
  University)(Social Sciences and data issues, not
  services)
• 15. Integrated Assessments
• Gerald M. Stokes (Joint Global Change Research
  Institute)