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Regents Review

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Differences plant has cell wall, chloroplast, and huge vacuole. Organelles ... Mom baking cookies, aroma reaches you after a few minutes...molecules spreading ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Regents Review


1
Regents Review
  • Topic 1 Similarities and Differences Among
    Living Organisms

2
Plant vs Animal Cell
Plant

Animal Differences plant has cell wall,
chloroplast, and huge vacuole
3
Organelles
  • Nucleus brain, contains DNA, controls cell
  • Vacuole storage, stores water, food,
  • waste
  • Mitochondria powerhouse, produces energy for
    cell through respiration

4
Organelles
  • Chloroplast food, green color, makes glucose
    for plant through photosynthesis
  • Cytoplasm jelly, provides shape of cell,
    transport
  • Ribosome protein, uses amino acids to make
    proteins
  • Cell membrane gatekeeper, selectively
    permeable, fluid-mosaic

5
Organelles
  • DNA info, genetic material that codes for all
    activities of the cell (NOT AN ORGANELLE)
  • Cell Wall rigid, stiff outer layer of plant
    cell, helps cell keep shape
  • Lysosome recycling center, breaks down dead
    organelles and waste

6
The Cell Membrane
  • 1.Separates contents of cell from environ.
  • 2.Control transport in and out of cell
  • 3.Recognize and respond to chemical signals

7
Transport
  • Passive Transport transport of molecules into
    and out of the cell that does not require energy,
    molecules move from high to low concentration
  • Ex. Diffusion and Osmosis
  • Diffusion through the Membrane Lab

8
Diffusion
  • Movement of molecules from high concentration to
    low concentration
  • A natural process, molecules want to spread out
  • Ex. Mom baking cookies, aroma reaches you after
    a few minutesmolecules spreading naturally from
    high concentration (kitchen) to low concentration
    (living room)

9
Osmosis
  • Diffusion of water
  • Water molecules move from high to low
    concentration

10
Active Transport
  • Transport of molecules from low to high
    concentration.
  • Requires Energy!!! (ATP)
  • Ex. Desert Plants absorbing water

11
Transport
12
Recognizing Signals
  • How do cells receive and understand messages from
    the body?
  • Proteins found in the cell membrane can receive
    chemical messages.

13
Hormone
  • Produced in endocrine glands.
  • Chemicals responsible for communication between
    cells.
  • If hormone production is slowed, stopped,
    blockedhomeostasis can be effected.

14
Craig ????
15
Receptor Molecule
  • Proteins found in cell membranes.
  • Can detect hormones, chemicals from nerve cells
    that will stimulate the cell to respond.

16
Receptor Molecules
17
Target Cell
  • Specific type of cell that signal is supposed to
    reach.

18
Endocrine System
  • A series of small organs that produce the
    hormones (messengers) of the body
  • Include thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary,
    thyroid, pancreas, testes, and ovaries.

19
Endocrine System
20
Levels of Organization
  • Cell contain organelles
  • Tissue groups of specialized cells
  • Organs different types of tissues combined
  • Organ System several organs working together
  • Organism

21
Levels of Org
22
Single Celled Organism
  • An organism that is only one cell, yet undergoes
    all of life functions.
  • Organelles of single cell org are much simpler
    than organ system of a human, but capable of same
    function.
  • Ex. Vacuole vs Digestive System

23
Body Systems
  • Endocrine sends chemical messengers (hormones)
    to body systems through blood stream (pancreas,
    ovaries/testes)
  • Respiratory exchange of gasses between blood of
    circ system and the environment (lungs, nose)

24
Body Systems
  • Excretory removal of all waste from body cells
    (kidney, lung, sweat gland, anus)
  • Nervous sends signals along nerves,
    co-ordinates movement of body (brain, spinal cord)

25
Body Systems
  • Immune System detect and destroy invaders found
    in the body, increases bodys immunity
  • Immunity ability to resist disease

26
Body Systems
  • Digestive ingest, break down food, nutrients
    absorbed into blood stream (esophagus, stomach,
    intestines)
  • Skeletal provide foundation for body
  • Muscular contract to move bones ? body

27
Body Systems
  • Circulatory transport materials such as oxygen,
    waste, and nutrients throughout your body (heart,
    arteries, blood)

28
Life Functions
  • Respiration break down nutrients to release
    energy (mitochondria)
  • Regulation responding to internal and external
    stimuli, maintaining homeostasis
  • Reproduction produce more of own species

29
Life Functions
  • Growth increasing the size or number of cells
  • Excretion removing waste
  • Nutrition obtaining nutrients from environment
    and breaking them down for transport

30
Life Functions
  • Transport move materials throughout organism
  • Circulation blood vessels are the highway of
    the human body

31
Life Functions
  • Synthesis TO BUILD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  • - combining simple substances into complex
    substances
  • Metabolism all chem reactions that take place
    in the cell
  • Homeostasis BALANCE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  • - maintaining internal stability of organism

32
Photosynthesis vs Respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Plant Cells ? Chloroplast
  • H2O CO2 ? C6H12O6 O2

Sunlight Glucose
33
Photosynthesis vs Respiration
  • Respiration
  • All cells ? mitochondria
  • C6H12O6 O2 ? ATP CO2 H2O

Glucose Energy
34
A Cycle!!
35
Inorganic vs Organic
  • Inorganic
  • Do not contain both H and C
  • Include salts, acids/bases, carbon dioxide,
    water, oxygen
  • Organic
  • Contain both H and C
  • Include DNA, protein, fat, carbohydrates, enzymes

36
Biochemistry
  • Carbohydrates store energy (starch in plants,
    glycogen in animals)
  • Simple Sugars monosaccharides (1 sugar
    molecule), glucose

37
Biochemistry
  • Proteins made of amino acids (coded for by
    DNA), essential in just about every process that
    occurs in an organism
  • Enzymes speed up bio reactions
  • Hormones chemical messengers
  • Antibodies find and destroy invaders
  • Antigens stimulate immune response
  • Pigments different colors (chlorophyll)

38
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39
Biochemistry
  • Lipids fats, essential for life (cell membranes)
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