The FIDC Project Sustainability Management System

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• The FIDC Project Sustainability Management System
• An Introduction
• Iksan van der Putte

2
1789 In 1789 Thomas Jefferson said I say the
Earth belongs to each generation. No generation
can contract debts greater than may be paid
during the course of its own existence.
1987
Brundtland Commission/ Sustainability is  
"..development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs"
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Available Resources and Carrying Capacities
Current Situation
Ecological overshoot
Ref Mathis Wackernagel, et. al., Tracking the
ecological overshoot of the human economy, Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 999(14)9266-71
PSM Pays
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World Population Growth Through History
Billions
12
11
2100
10
9
Modern
Age
Old
8
Iron
Middle
Bronze
Stone
New Stone Age
Age
Ages
Age
Age
7
Future
6
2000
5
4
1975
3
1950
2
1900
1
1800
Black Death

The Plague
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1 million
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
2000
1000
1
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
years
3000
4000
5000
Source Population Reference Bureau and United
Nations, World Population Projections to 2100
(1998).
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An Example of Nonlinear Change

• Fisheries collapse
• The Atlantic cod stocks off the east coast of
  Newfoundland collapsed in 1992, forcing the
  closure of the fishery
• Depleted stocks may not recover even if
  harvesting is significantly reduced or eliminated
  entirely

Source Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
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Use of Resources HOW LONG?
p. 12, HOW MANY AMERICANS?, Bouvier and
GrantSierra Club Books, 1994 ISBN
0-87156-496-3
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Phosphorus availability in the 21st century
Management of a non-renewable resource
JournalPhosphorus Potassium, Issue No
217 (September-October, 1998)
World population growth
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Outcome Non-depletion of natural resources
pollution
Limits to Growth 1972, Meadows
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Carbondioxide in the Atmosphereref. Meadows
1972/ Machta 1971
ppm CO2
380
290
year
2000
1900
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Total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions in relation
to the Kyoto target (source European
Environment Agency, 2006)
12

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Source L. Roth Hurricane Katrina August 29,
2005
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What is the trend?
After 2020 major parts of CO2 emissions will
come from developing countries.
UNEP SBCI report
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What is the trend?
Power Heat Sector CO2 Emissions
Source Cambridge Energy Research Associates,
International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook.
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IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Synthesis Report
Dr. R K Pachauri Chairman Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change Press Presentation Saturd
ay, 17 November 2007 Valencia, Spain
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC)
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• Warming of the climate system is unequivocal
• Increasing global air and ocean temperatures
• Rising global average sea level
• Reductions of snow and ice

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• Sea level rise under warming is inevitable
• Long time scales of thermal expansion ice
  sheet response to warming imply that
  stabilisation of GHG concentrations at or above
  present levels will not stabilise sea level for
  many centuries

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC)
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What is the trend?
Our changing World needs Organisations that
could respond effectively to the growing number
of concerns
Changes are required/We need Critical Thinking
and Innovation
Role of the Engineer?
Which strategies/tools
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What is the trend?
Latest scientific evidence suggests that the
world has as little as eight years to tackle
global warming. If global temperatures rise more
than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels, climate
change is predicted to spiral out of
control. European Parliament, Comittee on
industry, research and Energy 2007
Kyoto protocol
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Economic mitigation potential by sector in 2030

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC)
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Is there a solution

• Sustainable development is defined as
  development that meets the needs of the present
  without compromising the ability of future
  generations to meet their own needs
• this growth can only continue if we can succeed
  in achieving an improvement in our use of
  resources, space and environment by a factor of 4
  in the short term and a factor of 10 in the
  medium term.
• Waste should be minimised and recyclability of
  materials should be enhanced

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• Preventive and adaptive strategies (eg.from fail
  safe to safe fail) are required

• . The perspectives for climate change are
  especially
• negative if trends in the main energy
  consuming sectors
• cannot be reversed.
• Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource
  for
• most of the worlds citizens.
• The current trends indicate that the overall
  situation is likely
• to deteriorate further, at least for the next
  decade.
• Little time is left

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Project Sustainability Management

• Devising and delivering projects that truly and
  verifiably contribute to sustainability

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Sustainable development is a real and urgent
problem for the world

• The task is enormous
• More or less a complete overhaul of the worlds
  infrastructure
• Consider the lifetime of our projects
• This will be a long journey over many decades
• Replace the legacy, non-sustainable
  infrastructure with increasingly more sustainable
  processes, systems and technologies
• Most of which have yet to be invented
• How will we know when we have arrived?

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This Overhaul Will Be Done Project by Project

• The rate of advancement will be driven ad hoc
• By individual project owners and their engineers
• Based on local regulations, requirements,
  standards, goals, knowledge and agendas of the
  stakeholders
• Tremendous need for guidance
• What makes a project sustainable?
• How do you make progress toward sustainability?
• How do you set sustainability goals?
• How do you measure progress toward those goals?
• How do you make continuous improvement?

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If you dont know where you are going, then any
road will do.

• Lewis Carroll

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Existing Sustainable Development Indicator Systems
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How Can a Project Contribute to Sustainability?

• Meets generally accepted criteria for
  sustainability
• Agenda 21
• Locally based sustainability goals and indicators
• Equator principles
• Meets stakeholder needs
• Adds to the knowledge base of sustainable
  performance
• Performance above conventional
• Seek to raise the bar, if possible
• Share performance knowledge

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Design principles

• Sustainability is a location-dependent whole
  society concept
• Sustainability is a moving target
• Sustainability will be achieved one project at a
  time
• Sustainable projects do not have to be perfect
• Sustainability targets are defined by Agenda 21
• Sustainability requires an environment of
  innovation

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FIDIC Project Sustainability Management Guidelines

• Framework and process for setting project
  sustainability goals, measuring progress
• Core project sustainability indicators
• Case example

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Components FIDIC PSM System
1. A framework of
sustainable development goals and the
corresponding indicators, both of which map back
to the whole-society issues, goals and
priorities of Agenda 21, and the corresponding
sustainability indicators developed by the
United Nations Commission on Sustainable
Development and 2. A process for setting
and amending sustainable development project
goals and indicators, making them consistent
with the vision and goals of the project owner,
compliant with Agenda 21, and tailored to local
issues, priorities and stakeholder concerns
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Role of Project Goals and Indicators

• Project goals set direction
• Must be comprehensive
• Encompass the full range of sustainable
  development performance
• Project indicators provide the means to measure
  progress toward those goals

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Project Vision, Goals and Objectives
World Economies
Low income
Low-middle income
Upper middle income
High income
1
30
9
2
80
24
4
USA
Poland
China
Rwanda
WORLD
India
Japan
Malawi
Improve reliability, durability and resiliency
Improve system stability
Improve eco-efficiency
Improve system efficiency and effectiveness
Source World Bank list of economies, July
2005, http//www.worldbank.org/data/countryclass/c
lassgroups.htm GDP in US per person per day
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FIDIC PSM Approach
Agenda 21
What the world thinks the important problems in
sustainable development are
Millennium Development Goals
Convert to a framework
Set priorities
PSM goals and indicators, benchmarks
UNCSD Whole Society Goals and indicators
Convert to project-based goals and indicators
Add benchmarks to measure progress
Add special considerations for the developing
world
Build the knowledge base
Recognize existing initiatives
Technological advances, achievements
IFC Safeguard Principles
BREEAM, LEED, Global Reporting Initiative
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PSM Core Goals and Indicators Examples
refers to chapter in Agenda 21
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Project Sustainability Management Core Indicators
Social

• SO-1 Proportion of local workers, companies
  employed on the project, as compared to other
  workers, companies
• SO-2 Existence of hiring and wage policies
  related to minorities and women employees
• SO-3 Proportion of minorities, women hires
• SO-4 Wage comparison of minorities, women
  compared to standards
• SO-5 Proportion of population with access to
  adequate sewage treatment
• SO-6 Proportion of population with access to
  safe drinking water
• SO-7 Proportion of population with access to
  primary health care facilities

• SO-8 Record of safety performance during
  construction
• SO-9 Record of the use of labor during project
  construction
• SO-10 Proportion of persons living with
  adequate floor area per person.
• SO-11 Change in number and proportion of
  populations in formal and informal settlements
  affected by the project
• SO-12 Assessment of impacts on local culture,
  historic buildings
• SO-13 Degree to which the project displaces the
  local population
• SO-14 Efforts to monitor and report bribery and
  corruption

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Project Sustainability Management Core Indicators
Environmental

• EN-1 Quantities of GHGs emitted in all phases
  of project.
• EN-2 Quantities of ozone-depleting substances
  used in all phases of project.
• EN-3 Quantities of key air pollutants emitted
  in all phases of project.
• EN-4 Quantities of indoor air pollutants
• EN-5 Proportion of arable and permanent crop
  land affected by this project
• EN-6 Quantities of fertilizers used compared to
  norms
• EN-7 Quantities of pesticides used compared to
  norms
• EN-8 Extent to which forests are used or
  affected in the development, design and delivery
  of the project
• EN-9 Extent to which wood is used in all
  project phases

• EN-10 Extent to which land covered by project
  is affected by desertification.
• EN-11 Measurements of changes in algae
  concentrations
• EN-12 Changes in populations living in coastal
  areas
• EN-13 Measurements of water usage on project
  during all phases
• EN-14 Measurements of BOD on water bodies
  affected by project during all phases
• EN-15 Measurements of fecal coliform in
  freshwater bodies affected by project during all
  phases
• EN-16 Proportion of area affected by the
  project that contains key ecosystems.
• EN-17 Measurements of affect of project on the
  abundance of key species

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Project Sustainability Management Core Indicators
Economic

• EC-8 Disposition of hazardous wastes compared
  to norms, other practices
• EC-9 Quantities of radioactive wastes generated
  compared to norms, other practices
• EC-10 Disposition of radioactive wastes
  compared to norms, other practices
• EC-11 Extent to which waste recycling and reuse
  is employed in all phases of the project,
  compared to norms, other practices
• EC-12 Measurements of transportation modes and
  distances people and materials in all project
  phases. Comparison to norms, other practices.
• EC-13 Extent to which durable materials were
  specified. Design for extended service life.
• EC-14 Extent to which the facility requires
  care and maintenance, compared to norms

• EC-1 Extent to which the project provides
  economic benefit to the local economy.
• EC-2 Extent of use of materials compared to
  norms, other practices
• EC-3 Extent of energy consumption compared to
  norms, other practices
• EC-4 Extent of the use of renewable energy
  resources compared to norms, other practices
• EC-5 Quantities of industrial and municipal
  wastes generated compared to norms, other
  practices
• EC-6 Disposition of industrial and municipal
  wastes compared to norms, other practices
• EC-7 Quantities of hazardous wastes generated
  compared to norms, other practices

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Refinement of indicators to align with applicable
rules and protocols

• The set of PSM indicators may be adjusted to
  align with reporting and appraisal protocols and
  rating systems for example
• Global reporting initiative
• LEED Certification
• Other rating systems, including SpeAR, SPiRiT
  etc.

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Sustainable Development Project Objectives and
Indicators
High
Varies based on new evidence, technological
developments
Sustainability goal (ideal)
Advances through innovation and risk taking with
new processes, systems and technologies
Set a new benchmark for sustainable performance
Advances through the application of best-in-class
processes, systems and technologies
Apply what is currently achievable
Apply conventional
Current state-of-the-practice
Achieve Compliance
Varies based on laws, regulations
Low
Sustainable development goals and
indicators Examples water consumption per
person, total GHG emissions, percent use of
recycled materials.
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Raising the Bar
High
Project Achievements
Sustainability goal (ideal)
Conventional performance
More sustainable performance
Existing benchmark, e.g., LEED, SPiRiT
New benchmarks
Best in Class
Conventional (state of the practice)
Compliance (codes and standards)
Low
Range of application (varies by industry,
location, situation)
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Sustainable Development Indicator Set
Environmental
Economic
Social
Category
Themes
Sub-themes
Indicators
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PSM Process
Sustainable achievements of other projects
New, sustainable processes technologies
Refine goals based on systems integration
considerations
Determine client vision, goals, objectives
PSM Core Indicators
Incorporate safeguard policy considerations
First Cut Project-specific goals and indicators
based on whole society sustainable development
goals
Second Cut Project-specific goals and
indicators, adjusted to local conditions
Final Project-specific sustainable development
goals and indicators
Establish project scope and setting assumptions
Test project indicator functionality
Scope of work
Incorporate Local Agenda 21, other local
sustainable development indicators
Identify and engage key stakeholders
Refine indicators to align with applicable rules,
regulations, protocols
Stakeholder Engagement
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Results in the Application of PSM

• Can achieve and demonstrate real progress toward
  sustainability
• Based on comprehensive whole-society goals and
  indicators
• Customized to local conditions, stakeholder
  concerns
• Creates a mechanism for continuous improvement
• Learn what others have achieved
• Set goals for even better performance

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Interest in Project Sustainability Management is
Growing
Current courses are made up of practitioners who
are focused on the practical problems of
delivering services in this area
Early courses included interested individuals who
wanted to know what they could do on this issue
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Critical Element An Environment for Innovation

• Working conditions in which learning and
  creativity are fostered and celebrated
• Project owners urged to set stretch goals
• Seek to establish higher benchmarks for
  sustainable performance
• Consulting engineers encouraged to innovate
• Try out new approaches, test new technologies

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The Green Team We were thinking
Photo courtesy of the Poudre School District
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They were thinking
Photo courtesy of the Poudre School District
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High Performance We were
thinking
Photo courtesy of the Poudre School District
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They were thinking
Photo courtesy of the Poudre School District
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Case Example

• Sustainable School Design and Construction
• Poudre School District, Fort Collins, Colorado,
  USA

Zach Elementary School in the City of Fort
Collins, Colorado. The school was designed and
built in accordance with sustainability
principles. Photo courtesy of the Poudre School
District
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Create a High Performance Project Team

• Selected as a team
• Committed to achieving sustainable development
  goals
• All team members are equal
• Master plumber master environmental engineer
• All team members are highly knowledgeable in
  their particular fields
• The team is fully integrated works together to
  handle system interactions
• Willing and able to step outside the box in
  their respective trades and disciplines
• Application of critical chain methodology
  theory of constraints

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Identify and Engage Key Stakeholders

• Core Green Team
• School district employees
• Teachers
• Local public interest groups
• Suppliers and vendors
• Other high performance partners
• The City of Fort Collins
• Xcel Energy (power utility)
• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Berkley Laboratories (University of California)
• EnergyStar
• U.S. Department of Energy
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Buildings that teach
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Project Goals and Objectives

• Enhance student performance and attendance
• Teach principles of sustainable design
• Harmonize with the natural landscape
• Provide higher quality lighting
• Consume less energy
• Conserve materials and natural resources
• Enhance indoor environmental quality, and
• Safeguard water

Learning wall cutout
Recycling of construction wastes
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Achievements Materials
Sustainable site planning and design Use green
materials where possible Target Meet LEED
standards in the use of green materials
High
Sustainability
New benchmarks
Best in class
LEED
Conventional
Compliance
Low
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Achievements Energy Supply
Use of renewable energy sources Target
Substantial percentage of energy supplied by
renewables
High
Sustainability
New benchmarks
Best in class
Conventional
Compliance
Low
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Achievements Lighting
High Quality and energy-efficient
lighting Target Extensive use
daylighting Target Electric lighting lt1 watt
per square foot
High
Sustainability
New benchmarks
Best in class
Conventional
Compliance
Low
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Achievements HVAC
Energy-efficient heating, ventilation and air
conditioning Target Achieve 30 KBTU/square foot
or better
High
Sustainability
New benchmarks
Best in class
Target 30 KBTU/ft2
Conventional
ASHRAE Guide 90 KBTU/ft2
Compliance
Low
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Achievements Construction Waste
Construction waste reduction and
recycling Target Waste reduction, recycling
substantially better than conventional practices
High
Sustainability
New benchmarks
Best in class
Conventional
Compliance
Low
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Achievements Cost

• Constructed cost
• Cost using sustainable technology US99/ft2
• Conventional US120/ft2
• (Average for Colorado Front Range Schools)
• Operating costs

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Dont expect perfection, but expect commitment

• Commit the team to achieving sustainable
  performance
• Requires fundamental changes in the way design
  and construction is done
• Creation of high performance teams
• Collaboration is essential
• All members are equal
• No whining!