<BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS>

1
Bloodborne Pathogens Know the Risks!
2
What is The Purpose of Bloodborne Pathogen
Training?

• This training module is designed to provide a
  basic understanding of bloodborne pathogens,
  common modes of their transmission, methods of
  prevention, and other pertinent information.

3
Who should attend Bloodborne Pathogen Training?

• If you can anticipate facing contact with blood
  and/or other potentially infectious materials as
  part of your job duties you should receive
  Bloodborne Pathogen awareness training.

• Physician
• Dentist
• Medical Personnel
• Supervisor
• Lab/Blood bank
• Plumber
• Home Healthcare
• Custodian

4
What We Will Cover During Training

• What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
• Bloodborne Diseases and Symptoms
• What are the routes of entry?
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Spills and cleanup requirements
• Sharps containers and biohazard bags
• Hepatitis B vaccination program
• Post Exposure program

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What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

• BBP are tiny microorganisms such as viruses or
  bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause
  disease in people.
• There are many different bloodborne pathogens
  such as malaria or syphilis, but Hepatitis B
  (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV)) and the Human
  Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the three
  diseases specifically addressed by the OSHA
  Bloodborne Pathogen Standard.

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Where are Bloodborne Pathogens Found?

• Human Blood
• Human blood components
• Human cell lines and unfixed tissue
• Products made from human blood
• Other bodily fluids that may mask the presence of
  blood (vomit, feces, tobacco juice)
• http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/bp_universal_precau
  tions.html

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Who Is At Risk?
8
Who Is At Risk?
9
What are Contributors to the Risks?
10
Hepatitis B (HBV)and Hepatitis C (HCV)

• HBV/HCV can live on a dry surface for at least 7
  days. They are a very durable virus.
• There is a greater concentration of the HBV/HCV
  in a drop of blood than HIV.
• You have a 6 to 30 greater chance of contracting
  HBV/HCV from a needle stick versus a 1 chance of
  contracting HIV from a needle stick. There is a
  HBV vaccine
• HCV may stay in the system for many years causing
  severe damage to the liver. About 2.7 million
  Americans are chronically infected. There is no
  vaccine for Hepatitis C.
• http//www.hepfi.org/living/liv_abc.htmlbasics_he
  p_A

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Symptoms of HBV and HCV

• The symptoms of HBV and HCV are very much like a
  mild flu
• Initially there is a sense of fatigue, stomach
  pain, nausea or darkened urine
• As the disease continues to develop, jaundice (a
  distinct yellowing of the skin and eyes) will
  often occur.
• An individual may not show any immediate symptoms
  for months or years or may become so ill that
  they are hospitalized and unfortunately, over
  5000 individuals die each year from HBV and over
  10,000 of HCV.

12
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• The HIV virus is a virus that attacks the bodys
  immune system, weakening it so that it cannot
  fight other deadly diseases. It is the weakest
  of the three viruses and will most likely die as
  soon as it leaves the host. The virus may, in
  perfect conditions live up to 24 hours on a dry
  surface.
• AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is
  caused by the HIV virus.
• Medical personnel have 0.04 chance of exposure
  to HIV from a needlestick.

13
Symptoms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often
  include
• Weakness, fatigue
• Fever, swollen lymph glands
• Rapid weight loss, diarrhea
• Opportunistic Infections attack the body
• There is NOT a vaccine for HIV

14
Transmission of Bloodborne Diseases

• It is important to know the ways exposure and
  transmission are most likely to occur in your
  particular situation.
• Cuts from contaminated sharps (scalpels, broken
  glass
• Punctures or needle sticks (most common)
• Splash in eyes, nose or mouth
• Open cuts or dermatitis with abraded skin

15
Reduce Risk of Exposure

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is designed
  to guard against the many pathogens associated
  with Bloodborne Pathogens and significantly
  reduce the risks of exposure.
• Contaminated PPE must be removed and discarded
  using a Biohazard bag before leaving the area or
  upon contamination.

16
How to Protect Yourself
PPE
SAFETY!
17
Work Practice Controls

• Wash hands for 20 seconds after removing gloves
  or immediately after an exposure.
• Use non-abrasive soap.

18
Engineering Controlsfor Sharps

• Housekeepers, custodians and others may be
  punctured or cut by improperly disposed of
  needles and broken glass. It is important to
  handle and dispose of all sharps carefully.
• Contaminated sharps must be placed in properly
  labeled (Biohazards) leak proof, puncture
  resistant containers.
• Contaminated PPE must be placed in properly
  labeled biohazard bags.

19
Regulated Waste
Must be placed in closeable, leak-proof
containers built to contain all contents during
handling, storing, transporting or shipping and
be appropriately labeled or color-coded.
20
Best Defense

• Knowing what your risks are before beginning a
  job.
• Utilizing the proper Personal Protective
  Equipment
• Hand washing, Hand washing, Hand washing
• and

21
Universal Precautions

• "Universal Precautions" is the name used to
  describe a prevention strategy in which all blood
  and potentially infectious materials are treated
  as if they are, in fact, infectious. This
  approach is used in all situations where exposure
  to blood or potentially infectious materials is
  possible.
• This also means that certain engineering and work
  practice controls shall always be utilized in
  situations where exposure may occur.

22
Hepatitis B Vaccination Requirements

• Must make available, free of charge at a
  reasonable time and place, to all employees at
  risk of exposure within 10 working days of
  initial assignment.

23
Hepatitis B Vaccination Program

• The Hepatitis B vaccination program consists of
• Three scheduled injections spanning six months
  followed by titer blood work.
• Effective immunity is usually permanent.
• Adverse reaction occur in 1-10 of injections.
• Post exposure shots are available.

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If You Have an Exposure

• Wash with non-abrasive soap and water.
• Notify your supervisor of the exposure giving as
  much pertinent information as possible (First
  Report of Injury Form).
• http//www.purdue.edu/rem/home/files/forms.htm
• Go to PUSH Urgent Care for treatment.
• All information will be kept confidential
  between you and your physician.

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Bloodborne Pathogen Websites

• OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 1910.1039
• http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
  ent?p_tableSTANDARDSp_id10051
• Purdue Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan
• http//www.purdue.edu/rem/home/booklets/bbp2000r.d
  oc