Welcome to Psychology 101

1
Welcome to Psychology 101!
2
Success

• The opportunities you have created for yourself
  through diligent, dedicated work.
• Donna Gephart

3
Successful start in Psychology 101

• Download the syllabus at
• www.virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/merchantl
• Read the entire syllabus
• Purchase both texts
• Read chapter 12 on personality in Myers
• Read the introduction in the debate book
• Complete the Psychological Viewpoint
  Questionnaire in your syllabus

4
Where did your personality come from?

• Is it from genetics?
• Is it from role models youve had?
• Is it from the way you were rewarded and
  punished?
• Is it from challenges youve faced?
• Is it from your experiences going through the
  psychosexual stages?

5
Helpful Info

• Be sure to purchase both texts, 2 packages of
  scantron 815 forms and
• 5 scantron 886 forms
• See Darin for add cards, use within 3 days The
  section number is 6230 and the access code is
  4331, no add card needed for on-line or phone
  registration
• Ben P.A. schedule and e-mails
• Topic personality and debates

6
Study focus for the first exam

• September 15th, Thursday, Jan. 26th, bring a
  scantron 886 and a sharp pencil
• Chapter Twelve all is relevant but focus on the
  personality theories
• Format will be multiple choice questions from
  reading and lecture
• Be present! If you know you cant attend, let me
  know in advance
• If you dont notify me in advance your exam is
  much harder and is taken in FH 122 by 1-31-06.

7
Succeeding on the first exam!

• Use the SQ3R method for mastering the text
• Write an outline of the chapter, review
• Make flash cards for the terms
• Attend every class
• Work on the possible essay question for exam two
  on personality
• Take thorough notes, review them

8
Our Debate Process

• Purchase Readings in Psychology A Debate and
  Issues Approach by Lee Merchant
• Read the preface, the introduction, and the
  syllabus material on debating
• Pick a topic you want to debate
• Sign up in class
• Prepare your first audience preparation, issue
  6, page 113 Do Religiously Committed Individuals
  Enjoy Greater Mental Health? Due Jan. 24th in
  class

9
Debate Preparation and Response Papers

• Issue 6 Religion and mental health
• The debate preparation is due Jan 24th in class,
  no late papers accepted, just do the next one
• The response to the debate is due the class day
  after the debate occurs in class, the first
  response paper is due Jan. 26th.
• Follow directions in debate text
• Show to a P.A. for feedback
• Thursday I will give guidelines in class

10
Relax!

• Debates are stimulating and easy to do
• P.A. testimonials
• We are ready to assure you that your paper is A
  quality if you give us a chance to give you
  corrective feedback
• If you are concerned about ANYTHING in our class
  please talk with us now, dont drop, you can do
  this!

11
Feedback from you!

• Please write any questions, concerns, compliments
  or comments you have about our class on a paper
  without your name.
• Fold and pass to your left when all are finished
• I will respond to these on Thursday

12
Theoretical Orientations in Psychology

• Biomedical or neuroscience
• Humanistic
• Cognitive
• Behavioral
• Psychoanalytic

13
Personality Theory Addresses

• Why is a persons behavior fairly consistent?
• Why do different people behave differently?
• Is personality biological, learned, or both?
• Can personality change, how?

14
Essay question Select the neuroscience theory
and one other theory to answer

• Why is a persons behavior fairly consistent?
• Why do different people behave differently?
• Is personality biological, learned, or both?
• Can personality change, how?

15
Class Guidelines

• Missing a class equals loss of points and affects
  your grade
• Tell me in advance if you have to miss an exam or
  take a much harder one as you have had more time
  to study
• No recording in class
• Turn OFF (not silent) and put away cell phones,
  no earphones in class, no sleeping
• Attend our study sessions, they raise grades by a
  letter!

16
Class Guidelines

• Absolutely no cheating! All work must be original
  on debates
• Cheating on an exam equals exit from the class,
  zero on the exam and a discussion with the dean
  of students
• Talking costs exam points for talkers and those
  who cant hear due to talking

17
If you must talk

• P.A.s will ask you to stop
• If you continue I will ask you to leave and you
  MUST leave.
• Dont embarrass yourself and disrupt this class
  by talking!

18
Your resources in the course

• Text
• Lecture
• Study sessions
• Psychology assistants
• The Writing Center in FH 224
• Tutoring Center
• Me! Office hours are after class.

19
Psychoanalytic View

• Freud
• Neo-Freudians
• Is Freud dead?
• Contributions
• Criticisms

20
Psychoanalytic View

• Why is personality consistent?
• Because we have fixed libido
• Why do people differ in personality?
• Because different amount of libido and it is
  located differently in the id, ego super ego
• Biological or learned? Mostly biological
• Changing? Yes, psychoanalysis to resolve
  unresolved conflicts, restore libido

21
Freudian Theory

• Born with instincts and libido
• Id, ego, super ego
• Dynamic, developmental, structural
• Levels of consciousness

22
Stages of Psychosexual Development

• Oral
• Anal
• Phallic
• Latent period
• Genital

23
Tasks of each stage

• To receive pleasure in the erogenous zone, all
  behavior is aimed at pleasure attainment and
  avoidance of pain
• To learn to reduce tension from conflict
• To resolve conflict that developments

24
The Oral Stage

• Birth to about 2
• Libido in erogenous zone mouth
• Pleasure sucking, biting, chewing
• Tension reduction crying
• Fixation dependant personality disorder, stingy,
  stubborn, miserly, waiting for the world to
  mother them

25
The Anal Stage

• 2 to 5 years
• Pleasure controlling feces
• Tension reduction controlling feces
• Conflict authority
• Fixation anal retentive character
• Stubborn, stingy, miserly, tight ___.
• Fixation anal aggressive character
• Hostile, outbursts of anger with reference to the
  anus, disorder intermittent explosive

26
The Phallic Stage

• 5 to puberty
• Libido in genitals
• Pleasure is autoerotic stimulation
• Tension reduction is autoerotic stimulation
• Oedipus complex
• Fixation mother focused
• Electra complex
• Fixation father focused, never resolved

27
Latency

• Not a stage
• Time out to concentrate on school!

28
The Genital Stage

• Puberty to late adulthood
• Libido in genital area
• Pleasure is heterosexual, tension reduction can
  be from sexual activity
• Conflicts are all resolved
• Regression back through all prior stages occurs
  in later life!

29
What do you think about Freudian Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory?
30
The Big Five Personality Factors

• Emotional Stability
• Calm versus anxious
• Secure versus insecure
• Self-satisfied versus Self-pitying

31
The Big Five Personality Factors

• Extraversion
• Sociable versus Retiring
• Fun-loving versus Sober
• Affectionate versus Reserved

32
The Big Five Personality Factors

• Openness
• Imaginative versus Practical
• Preference for variety versus Preference for
  Routine
• Independent versus Conforming

33
The Big Five Personality Factors

• Agreeableness
• Soft-hearted versus Ruthless
• Trusting versus Suspicious
• Helpful versus Uncooperative

34
The Big Five Personality Factors

• Conscientiousness
• Organized versus disorganized
• Careful versus Careless
• Disciplined versus Impulsive

35
The Humanistic View

• Focus on the constructive, creative potential in
  humans
• Self-actualization
• Unconditional positive regard
• Personality is consistent because we try to
  define growth for ourselves and consistently
  follow it

36
Feedback on the debates

• Presenters include actual articles
• Prep and Response needed for a complete debate,
  you need to do 4 plus your presenter
• State and discuss two points from the articles
• Study session you get personal feedback from
  p.a.s about your debate work
• Label the papers as preparation, response or
  presenter
• Clearly identify which section you are answering,
  not in essay format
• Include the debate grade sheet from your syllabus
  with each paper

37
The Humanistic View

• Personality differences occur due to different
  ways of defining growth
• Personality is learned through obstacles we face
  and overcome, these change our definition of
  growth
• This is how we change, by removing obstacles to
  growth or changing the way we define growth

38
The Cognitive View

• Focus Rational and Logical Thoughts versus
  Irrational and Illogical Thinking
• Personality is consistent because our role models
  have shown us what to think in varying situations
• Personality differs among people because we have
  had different role models showing us their
  thought process

39
The Cognitive View

• Personality is learned entirely from role models
• Personality can be changed by replacing
  irrational and illogical thoughts with rational
  and logical thoughts through cognitive
  restructuring

40
The Neuroscience View

• Focus central nervous system and endocrine
  functions
• Personality consistency results from the function
  of the anatomy and physiology of the brain and
  hormone system
• Personality differences result from the
  differences in the way our brains and hormones
  work

41
The Neuroscience View

• Personality is biological
• Personality can be changed with chemical
  intervention - medication

42
The Behavioral View

• Focus stimuli, response, consequences
• Personality is consistent because we produce the
  responses we have been programmed to produce
• Personality is different because we have all been
  programmed to produce different responses

43
The Behavioral View

• Personality is entirely learned
• Personality can be changed by altering the
  consequences of behavior

44
Eclecticism

• An eclectic view combines two or more personality
  views to fully explain personality. (test
  question for sure!)
• In our class you will combine the neuroscience
  view and at least one other view.

45
Explaining Alberto Gonzales

• Neuroscience view
• Humanistic view
• Behavioral view
• Cognitive view
• Psychoanalytic view

46
Measuring Personality

• Projective tests

47
Measuring Personality

• Objective Tests
• MMPI
• Minnesota
• Multi-phasic
• Personality
• Inventory

48
Exam Directions

• Put your name at the top of your scantron, last
  name first, print, large letters
• Put exam number and exam letter on your scantron
  886
• Mark answers completely, do not erase
• Turn in scantrons to your rows P.A.
• Turn in exams numerically, no credit if yours is
  not returned