CREATIVITY

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CREATIVITY

• Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
• 1996 ch.7-9
• ?????? ??

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Part IThe Creative Process

• Ch2 Where Is Creativity?
• The Systems Model_????
• Creativity in The Renaissance_??????????
• Domains of Knowledge and Action_????????
• Fields of Accomplishment_?????
• The Contributions of The Person_?????
• Internalizing The System_?????

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• The Systems Model_????
• ????domain,field,individual person
• There is no way to know whether a thought is new
  except with reference to some standards (domain).
• There is no way to tell whether it is valuable
  until it passes social evaluation (field).
• Therefore, creativity does not happen inside
  peoples heads, but in the interaction between a
  persons thoughts and a sociocultural context.

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• Creativity can be observed only in the
  interrelations of a system made up of three main
  parts.
• Domain a set of symbolic rules and procedures.
  E.g., mathematics, algebra, number theory.
  Domain are in turn nested in what we usually call
  culture, or the symbolic knowledge shared by a
  particular society or by humanity as a whole.

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• Field All the individuals who act as gatekeepers
  to the domain. It is their job to decide whether
  a new idea of product should be included in the
  domain. E.g., field of visual art art teachers,
  curators of museums, collectors of art, critics,
  and administrators of foundations and govern
  agencies that deal with culture.
• Person Someone whose thoughts or action change a
  domain or establish a new domain (e.g., Galileo
  or Freud). However, a domain cannot be changed
  without the explicit or implicit consent of a
  field responsible for it.

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Ch3 The creative Personality

• The Ten Dimensions of Complexity

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• Ten Dimensions of Complexity (Yin-Yang and
  paradoxical personality)
• 1. A great deal of physical energy, but quiet
  and at rest.
• 2. Smart, but naïve at the same time.
• 3. Playfulness and discipline, or
  responsibility and irresponsibility.
• 4. Alternating between imagination and fantasy,
  at one end, and a rooted sense of reality at the
  other.
• 5. Extroversion and introversion
• 6. Humble and proud at the same time

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• 7. Psychological androgyny
  masculinity/femininity aggressive and
  nurturant, sensitive and rigid, dominant and
  submissive, regardless of gender
• 8. Rebellious/traditional-conventional
• 9. Both passionate and objective.
• 10. Suffering and pain yet also a great deal of
  enjoyment.

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Ch4 The Work of Creativity

• The Writing of A Story
• The Emergence of Problems
• Life as a Source of Problems
• The Influence of Past Knowledge
• The Pressures of the Human Environment
• Three sources
• a) Personal experiences
• We are a perverse race, only suffering
  interests us. The experiences of scientists are
  relevant to the problems they deal with.
• b) Requirements of the domain
• Within or cross domains
• c) Social pressures

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• Presented and Discovered Problems
• ?????????
• _????(problem finding)??????(problem solving)

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• The Mysterious Time
• -The Functions of Idle Time
• The functions of idle time (incubation)
• The field, the domain, and the unconscious
• Even in the unconscious the symbol system
  and the social environment play important
  roles.
• -The Field, The Domain, and the Unconscious
• The Aha! Experience
• The 99 Percent Perspiration

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Ch5 The Flow of Creativity

• The concept of flow(??)
• the state in which people are so involved
  in an activity that nothing else seems to matter
  the experience itself is so enjoyable that people
  will do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake
  of doing it (Csikszentmihalyi , 1990).
• Programmed for Creativity
• What is Enjoyment?
• The Conditions for Flow in Creativity
• The Clarity of Goals
• Knowing How Well One Is Doing
• Balancing Challenges and Skills

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• The Merging of Action and Awareness
• Avoiding Distractions
• Forgetting Self, Time, and Surroundings
• Creativity as Autotelic Experience
• Flow and Happiness
• Flow and The Evolution of Consciousness

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Ch6 Creative Surroundings

• Being in The Right Place
• Inspiring Environments (a delightful setting)
• Creating Creative Environments
• Preparation and evaluation benefit from
  familiar, comfortable settings and social
  interaction (sharing thoughts, experimenting with
  ideas, and asking questions of peers are
  important parts of individual creativity).
• Patterning Activities
• Patterning Activities reflecting your needs
  and your tastes.

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Ch7 The early years

• Childhood and Youth
• Threads of Continuity
• What Shapes Creative Lives?

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Childhood and Youth

• Prodigious Curiosity
• The Influence of Parents
• Missing Fathers
• The Mirror of Retrospection
• On to School
• The Awkward Years

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-Prodigious Curiosity

• No patterns
• Keen curiosity about ones surroundings Darwin
• A burning curiosity concerning at least one
  aspect of their environment
• Motivated by competitive advantage
• others less
• Superior performance
• expectations

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-The Influence of Parents

• Treating them like a fellow adult
• Generous and help
• Support and guidance
• Great expectations
• Sense of self-respect and discipline
• Complete freedom to pursue
• Tension and ambivalence
• Shaping characters HONESTY
• Honesty search for truth in your work, never
  hide an error truthfulness to own feelings and
  intuitions.

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-Missing Fathers

• Men 3/10
• Women 2/10
• Autonomy and responsibility
• The meaning they extract from the event
• Enough emotional and cognitive support
• Protect and comfort lf a loving mother
• To work hard and succeed
• Exceptionally supportive childhoods or very
  deprived and challenging ones
• 30 farmers, 34 professionals, 25
  intellectuals, only 10 comfortably middle-class

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-The Mirror of Retrospection

• To make the past consistent with the present
• Make sense of their memories in terms of the
  events later in life

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-On to School

• Little effect
• Influential teachers notice, believe, care,
  extra work and greater challenges
• Except scientists, no special relationship with a
  teacher
• Extracurricular activities more favorably than
  school subjects

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-The Awkward Years

• Ages of 12-20
• Special obstacles more alone, less happy and
  cheerful, less sexually aware, less independent
  from their families
• More time in the protected, playful stages of
  life for experimentation and learning
• A typical nerd
• Lack of popularity intense curiosity and focused
  interest, original ways of thinking and
  expression
• Loneliness helps protect the interests
• Marginality was a common theme Outsider role

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Threads of Continuity

• The continuity of interest from childhood to
  later life is direct
• Intergenerational continuity

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What Shapes Creative Lives?

• Not shaped by one event or deterministic one
• They shaped events to suit their purposes
• A will moving across time the fierce
  determination to succeed, to make sense of the
  world, to use whatever means to unravel the
  mysteries o the universe
• Recognize, nurture, and provide opportunities

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Ch8 The Later Years

• College and Profession
• Supportive Partners
• The Womens View
• The Marking of Careers
• The Task of Generativity
• Taking A Stand
• Beyond Careers
• The Question of Succession
• The Matter of Time
• The Slings and Arrows of Fate

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College and Profession

• A high point
• Vocation clear
• Soulmates and teachers
• Curiosity and Drive
• Openness to outside stimuli/ inner focus
• Playful and serious
• Objects and ideas/ competitive and achievement
• Active support of teachers
• Determination and luck
• Visible in a field right place at the right time
• World war II for women

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Supportive Partners

• Stable and satisfying marital relationships
• Sex and songs
• Indispensable help of their spouses
• Happy/ helpful/ peace/ protective
• The Womens View
• Freedom
• Mentors
• Unequal gender roles children/ envy

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The Marking of Careers

• The results of a lifetime
• Much longer years of training and thinking
• A long-term commitment to a domain of interest
• Forces to invent the jobs they will do lifetime
• Create their careers
• Interested in learning
• A new way of doing things open to new learning
  and has the drive to carry through

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The Task of Generativity

• Middle years
• Leaving ones ideas to the next generation
• Teaching students

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Taking A Stand

• involved with historical and social issues
• Beyond Careers other responsibilities
• Internal reason runs out of challenges
• External pressure many administrative positions
• Doing Gods work
• The Question of Succession
• INTELLECTUALLY BRILLIANT, FISCUALLY ASTUTE,
  reasonably unselfish
• The Matter of Time
• As focused, efficient and committed as before
• Make a life theme

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The Slings and Arrows of Fate

• Hurt helped to strength their resolve.
• Lets get on with what needs to be done
• Ignore them or dismiss them
• Self-confidence to ignore all the negative advice
• Naïve, as buffer

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Ch9 Creative Aging

• What Changes with Age?
• Physical and Cognitive Capacities
• Habits and Personal Traits
• Relationships with the Field
• Relationships with Domains
• Always One Peak More
• The Sources of Meaning
• Facing The Infinite

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What Changes with Age?

• Physical and Cognitive Capacities
• Positive attitudes twice
• Fluid intelligence
• crystallized intelligence increase with time
• Greater experience and better understanding
• Smarter and knows more

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Habits and Personal Traits

• Positive negative21
• Negative too much pressure and too little time
• Positive diminished anxiety, less driven, more
  courage, confidence and risk taking, more orderly
  and systematic
• Women more positive than men adapting
  psychologically better

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Relationships with the Field

• Men more negative lost membership
• Women positive and negative
• Greater certainty

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Relationships with Domains

• more positive
• More and different knowledge
• New interest

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Always One Peak More

• Never run out of exciting goals
• Eager for the chase
• Future orientation
• Work is what makes a life full

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The Sources of Meaning

• What makes you proud?
• 70 from work
• 30 from family(40 women, 25 men)
• Duality love and work
• Work 70 external reasons, 30 internal reasons
• Women all external reasons, men 40 internal

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Facing The Infinite

• The future of the universe
• A broader faith
• A meaning full life with the universe