Law Enforcement Organization and Administration

1
Law Enforcement Organization and Administration

• Chapter 4

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Purpose and Principals of Police Organizations

• The Omnipresent Police Officer
• Characterizes the police officer who is
  everywhere in random patrol duties, deterring
  crime by his or her mere presence
• Kansas City Experiment
• Study done that divided city into three group
  approaches to patrol
• Respond to calls only
• Provide normal random patrol
• Provide two or three times the normal level of
  random patrol

3
Kansas City Experiment

• The experiment found that the three experimental
  patrol conditions appeared not to affect crime,
  service delivery and citizen feeling of security.
  (p 88)

4
Law Enforcement As Big Business

• Police Departments are one of the greatest
  demands on tax dollars of most communities
• Headed by former line officers who need to be
  trained in managerial issues
• Restricted hiring practices limiting management
  choices

5
Police Executive Training

• In the vast majority of police departments,
  former line officers work their way up through
  the ranks and assume executive/managerial
  positions. To prepare the police manager for
  executive level decision making, the individual
  must receive training that addresses this level
  of responsibility

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Police Executive Training

• FBI National Academy
• Senior Management Institute for Police
• West Point Leadership Program
• Professional Executive Leadership School

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FBI National Academy

• The FBI National Academy is a professional course
  of study for U.S. and international law
  enforcement leaders that serves to improve the
  administration of justice in police departments
  and agencies at home and abroad and to raise law
  enforcement standards, knowledge, and cooperation
  worldwide.
• Source fbi.gov

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Senior Management Institute for Police

• SMIP is a program of the Police Executive
  Research Forum Program that provides senior
  police executives intensive training in the
  laquizmanagement concepts and practices used in
  business and government. A demanding three-week
  course, SMIP brings together a faculty from some
  of the nation's top universities, successful law
  enforcement chief executives, and subject matter
  experts from the private sector.
• Source policefoum.org

9
PELS

• The Professional Executive Leadership School is
  an intensive three-week, liberal arts-based
  educational experience that focuses on the study
  of leadership. PELS is geared for chief executive
  officers and managers, and candidates from the
  private sector, public safety, and government
  agencies. Faculty members from the University of
  Richmond in Richmond, Virginia, teach the
  classes and are drawn from the Management
  Institute, Jepson School of Leadership Studies,
  Robins School of Business, and several other
  schools within the university.
• Source Va Police Chiefs Foundation

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West Point Leadership Program

• The West Point Leadership Program is a rewarding
  and academically challenging compilation of
  behavioral science theories. Students participate
  in group problem-solving activities and case
  studies. Emphasis is placed on practical
  application and the final examination involves
  actual issues from the student's workplace. The
  program focuses on four major areas associated
  with leadership The individual, the group, the
  leader, the organization.
• Source www.post.ca/training

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Civil Service and Promotions

• Civil Service not geared to promotional level
  being test for
• Need to be made relevant to the position
• Restrictions on hired from top three candidates
  on list
• Assessment evaluations include oral interviews
  from promotion
• Political interference in promotional system
• Modern Police Agencies and the expectations of
  its leaders make this interference more difficult

12
Use of Civilian Employees

• Make up nearly a third of the total strength of
  police agencies
• Anticipated budget savings by replacing sworn
  police officers from desk duty
• Higher paid civilian specialist tended to off set
  budget savings

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Traditional Purposes of Police Organizations

• Protection of life and property
• Perseveration of the peace
• Prevention of crime
• Arrest criminals

14
Police Results and Performance Measures

• Addressing general crime
• Dealing with serious crime incidents
• Achieving Major Short and Long Term objectives
• Analyzing the cost of policing
• Evaluating the quality of services

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Reality-Based Proactive Purposes of Police
Organizations

• Performance Specific role definitions and
  productivity measures
• Preparedness Need for short and long range
  planning
• Progressiveness Management of change
  institute new ideas

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Management Principles

• Respond Traditionally reactive mostly service
  calls
• Regulate Need to control numerous community and
  citizen events
• Restrain Citizen misconduct, mentally ill,
  apprehend criminals
• Recover Recovery of citizen property sting
  operations

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• Repress The reduction of the individuals
  propensity to commit crime
• Reinforce Citizen cooperation and motivation
  Neighborhood Watch

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Defining the Organization

• A definition fitting the requirements of both
  management and operations. Task carried out by
  real people with human concerns, needs and
  emotions. Emphasis on cooperation and innovation
  guided by polices.

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The Concept of Organization

• Mechanical Approach Filling boxes in an
  organizational chart with bodies
• Examples are assembly line task. Police Managers
  hire and promote to fill slots without concern
  for personal qualifications of the individual
• Humanistic Approach Filling positions with
  qualified personnel.
• Used in most professional organizations where
  particular skill must be developed at a
  particular level, needed to fill a position.

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Traditional Concept of Bureaucracy(Max Weber)

• Modern bureaucracy
• Regular activities distributed in a fixed way as
  official duties
• Authority given to commands and coercive means of
  sanction are defined by rules in a consistent
  manager
• Only those who have generally regulated
  qualifications to serve are employed
• Fixed jurisdictions are ordered by administrative
  regulations

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• Official hierarchical system of superiors and
  subordinates
• Management is based on written documents
• Specialized officers of management requires
  thorough, technical and expert training and
  knowledge
• Generalized Rules
• Knowledge of rules
• Office holding is a vocation and a career

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• Officials have more status than the governed
• Bureaucratic officials are appointed by a
  superior authority, not elected
• Tenure is the job is for life
• Employees receive regular compensation (fixed
  salary)
• Officials have a career in the hierarchy

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• The bureaucracy depends on a money economy to pay
  salaries
• Success and rewards in the bureaucracy are based
  on merit and hard work.