The War for Independence or The Revolutionary War

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The War for Independence or The Revolutionary
War
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http//www.liveleak.com/view?i38f_1284015420
Bunker Hill Bunny
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vY6ikO6LMxF4
shot Heard Around the World
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vt-9pDZMRCpQfeature
related Boston Tea Party
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SWBAT . . .

• 1. Describe the differences between the battles
  of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill and how
  they impacted the early part of the War for
  Independence (the Revolutionary War).
• 2. Explain three reasons why the pamphlet Common
  Sense caused colonists to consider independence.
• 3. Explain how the Declaration of Independence
  justifies separation from Great Britains
  authority.

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Patrick Henry
Give me Liberty or give me Death!

• March 23, 1775
• Speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses
• Purpose

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The Battle ofLexington and Concord

• April 19, 1775

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British Plans

• April 14, 1775
• April 18, 1775

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Planned British March
Concord
Boston
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Colonial Preparations

• Expected
• Riders
• The Regulars are coming!

9
Lexington April 19, 1775

• Minutemen.

• Confrontation

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The British March onto Concord
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Skirmish at North Bridge
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Flight to Boston

• Disaster
• Reinforcements
• Final Results

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Leaders for Battle of Bunker Hill

• Patriots, blue, grey, etc coats
• CPT Aaron Knotts
• PL Eliza
• SqL Rohan / Taylor
• SqL Alex
• SqL Bryn
• PL Tyler
• SqL John / Gabby
• SqL Art / Anthony
• SqL Anshul
• PL Will
• SqL Alyssa / Rob
• SqL Marissa
• SqL Emma

• British, redcoats
• CPT Colin D.
• PL Kristin
• SqL Eric V / Troy
• SqL Avery
• SqL Tyler
• Sam Steele
• SqL Greta / Evelyn
• SqL Julia
• SqL Sammy

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The Siege of Boston Begins

• What are the Americans missing that would fully
  encircle the British?

Bunker and Breeds Hill
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Battle of Bunker / Breeds Hill
¼ mile
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Battle of Bunker / Breeds Hill
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Dr. Joseph Warren

• Born June 10 1741  in Roxbury,
  MassachusettsDied June 17 1775 on Charlestown,
  MassachusettsFather Joseph Warren (2/2/1696 -
  10/23/1755)Mother Mary Stevens (1720 -
  ??)Married Elizabeth Hooten (1746 - 1772)  on
  9/6/1764Children
• Elizabeth Warren (?? - ??)
• Joseph Warren (?? - ??)
• Mary Warren (?? - ??)

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• APR 1775 Siege of Boston begins.
• May 1775 Fort Ticonderoga captured with over 50
  cannons

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• 300 Miles without Roads!
• Henry Knox leaves Boston 17DEC1775 and returns on
  24JAN1776

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The End of the Siege of Boston

• Fort Ticonderoga captured May 75.
• George Washington named Commander-in-Chief of the
  Continental Army.
• Winter 75 / 76 Henry Knox moves cannon 300
  miles from Ticonderoga to Boston.
• Jan 76 Common Sense
• March 76 cannon placed on Dorchester Heights.
• The British evacuate Boston by April 1776.
• The war moves to NY.

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Common Sense
Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil in its worst state, an intolerable one.

• Thomas Paine
• January 1776

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Events Preceding

• Lex Concord battle April 1775.
• 2nd Continental Congress meets May 1775 appoint
  Washington as Commander-in-Chief.
• Fort Ticonderoga captured.
• Battle of Bunker Hill June 1775.
• GW takes command, siege of Boston.
• Many still hoping to reestablish good relations
  with the King The Olive Branch Petition sent
  July 1775, neg response Jan 1776.
• Battles in Canada fail.

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Common Sense published

• Released on January 10, 1776 the same day that
  the Kings response to the Olive Branch Petition
  received in Philadelphia, the colonies are in
  open rebellion.
• Written to convince Americans to declare
  Independence, it was Americas destiny.
• Logical arguments used.
• By June 1776 over 500,000 copies sold.

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Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• I have heard it asserted by some, that as
  America hath flourished under her former
  connection with GB, the same connection is
  necessary towards her future happiness, and will
  always have the same effect. Nothing can be more
  fallacious than this kind of argument.

• Some have said America prospered being related to
  England and must stay in relationship to continue
  prospering, I think this is a false hypothesis.

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Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• We have boasted the protection of GB without
  considering that her motive was interest, not
  attachment and that she did not protect us from
  our enemies on our account, but from her enemies
  on her own account

29
Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• But Britain is the parent country, say some.
  Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes
  do not devour their young, nor savages make war
  upon their families.

30
Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• I challenge the warmest advocate for
  reconciliation, to show a single advantage that
  this continent can reap, by being connected with
  GB. I repeat the challenge not a single
  advantage is derived.

31
Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• Small islands, not capable of protecting
  themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms
  to take under their care but there is something
  absurd, in suppposing a continent to be
  perpetually governed by an island. In no instance
  hath nature made the satellite larger than its
  primary planet.

32
Thomas Paine says, You say . . .

• Nothing but independence . . . Can keep the
  peace of the continent. . . .A government of our
  own is our natural right and when a man
  seriously reflects on the precariousness of human
  affairs, he will become convinced, that it is
  infinitely wiser and safer, to form a
  constitution of our own in a cool deliberate
  manner, while we have it in our power.

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Para 3 of DOI Vocab

• A. To take or seize power, the unlawful or
  violent seizure of power
•  
• B. lasting for only a short time temporary
•  
• C. avoiding risks and uncertainties careful
•  
• D. to give orders, or state something exactly,
  with total authority to influence something or
  make it necessary
•  
• E. A system run by an absolute ruler
•  
• F. truthful and honest, especially about
  something difficult or painful
•  
• G. To force into
•  
• H. an oppressive and unjust government

• __ 1. Prudence
•  
• ___ 2. Dictate
• ___ 3. Transient
•  
• ___ 4. Usurpations
•  
• ___ 5. Despotism
•  
• ___ 6. Constrains
• ___ 7. Tyranny
•  

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Para 3 of DOI Vocab

• A. To take or seize power, the unlawful or
  violent seizure of power
•  
• B. lasting for only a short time temporary
•  
• C. avoiding risks and uncertainties careful
•  
• D. to give orders, or state something exactly,
  with total authority to influence something or
  make it necessary
•  
• E. A system run by an absolute ruler
•  
• F. truthful and honest, especially about
  something difficult or painful
•  
• G. To force into
•  
• H. an oppressive and unjust government

• __ 1. Prudence
•  
• ___ 2. Dictate
• ___ 3. Transient
•  
• ___ 4. Usurpations
•  
• ___ 5. Despotism
•  
• ___ 6. Constrains
• ___ 7. Tyranny
•  

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REVIEW

• Pick an event, find the month year.
• As a class put them in order!

• Declaration of Independence
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battles of Lexington and Concord
• Release of Common Sense
• British leave Boston
• British arrive in New York
• George Washington takes command of Continental
  Army.

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Summer of 1776

• British occupy New York
• Washington moves army to New York.
• July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence
  released to the public

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The Declaration of Indpendence

• Handouts work through vocabulary
• Put first three paragraphs into students own
  words
• Illustrate the abuses

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Summer of 1776

• Summer/fall 1776 battles in New York go badly for
  the Americans.
• Dec 1776 Continental Army retreats to
  Pennsylvania.

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Handicap the Warrefer to p.115 Green, p.127 Red,
and handouts.
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Americans Factor British






Total
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The Crossing, video worksheet.doc
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The Principles of War 1The Battles of Trenton
and Princeton26DEC1776 to 03JAN1777OC Benson
IV, Melvin B.25JAN03
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General George Washington

• Successful because he applied all Nine Principles
  of War appropriately
• Most importantly, he based his decisions on
  Intelligence

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Developments prior to DEC1776

• Disastrous defeats in New York, retreat through
  New Jersey across the Delaware River to
  Pennsylvania

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Continental Army at its Lowest

• Number of effective soldiers shrinks from 20,000
  to under 5,000 (casualties and desertions)
• Cannon, from 300 to 18
• Poor living conditions
• Lack of Congressional financial support
• Most enlistments up 31DEC1776
• British troops fully control New Jersey, they
  have everything the Continentals do not
• Except General George Washington!

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GWs Intelligence

• British from NY down to Burlington NJ
• About 1,300 Hessians quartered at Trenton
• No defensive works at Trenton
• Hessian patrols were almost nonexistent
• Hessians partied at Christmas

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Applying the Principles of War

• Surprise - no one suspected
• Offensive chose the time and place
• Maneuver - took away enemys maneuverability
  through positioning
• Mass more than the enemy
• Objective definitive time and place, flexible
  with developments

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Trenton, 25-26DEC1776

• River crossing began at dusk on the 25th about 9
  miles north of Trenton
• Two other crossings planned to the south
• Weather snow and windy
• Northern crossing took hours longer than planned,
  both southern crossings failed
• Arrived at Trenton 0800 26DEC

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• Without knowledge of the failure of the southern
  crossings, battle plan went ahead
• From the north, split into two groups to envelope
  Trenton and prevent escape

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SURPRISE!

• Short, pitched street fight, overwhelmed the
  Hessians
• Hessian casualties 40 dead, 40 wounded, 900
  captured (400 escaped)

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Confusion, Luck, Opportunity

• The Units that were to have crossed on the south,
  hearing of the victory, then did so only to find
  Trenton empty of any troops, sent word back
  across to GW
• On 29DEC GW recrossed the Delaware and occupied a
  position just south of Trenton across the
  Assunpink Creek.

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British Response

• Cornwallis arrived from NY into Princeton
• On 3JAN1777 he leaves 1,200 troops in Princeton,
  marching with 5,800 to Trenton
• GW had a regiment harass them to prevent arrival
  before nightfall

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GWs Response

• Get out of Dodge!
• Leaving about 400 men to man pickets, burn fires,
  build defensive works, and generally make noise,
  GW moves with 4,000 troops towards Princeton
  using back roads

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Attack on Princeton

• Cornwallis wakes up to find no US troops south of
  Trenton
• Almost at Princeton, GW sends a regiment east to
  destroy a bridge on the main road between
  Princeton and Trenton
• A battle develops, after GW himself reinforces
  the US troops, the British surrender
• At the same time, other US troops went into and
  captured Princeton

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Maneuver, Maneuver

• Troops exhausted, GW moves out of Princeton as
  Cornwallis enters it
• Cornwallis rushes toward New Brunswick, the
  central supply center for British NJ
• GW moves into winter quarters at Morristown NJ,
  naturally defensive with the ability to protect
  all of northern Jersey
• British evacuate NJ

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Principles Displayed

• Main ones Surprise, Offensive, Maneuver, Mass,
  Objective
• Secondary
• Simplicity- not one of GWs strong points
• Economy winner takes all battles,
  desperate, everything put into the fight
• Security very little left for security,
  depended on Surprise and Maneuver
• Uniformity of Command firmly established

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Final Notes, just think . . .

• Intelligence gave Washington the information he
  needed to be Offensive, he knew that
• Surprise was achievable
• That he had more troops than Colonel Rall
• More troops then were left in Princeton
• He knew the road network better
• Minimal troops could be left as Security

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Intelligence
9 Principles, yes, but . . .

• Use it or Lose!

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The Rest of the Rev War
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The Campaigns of 1777

• The British move towards Philadelphia
• Battle of Brandywine Sept 11, 1777
• Philadelphia occupied by British Sept 26, 1777
• Battle of Germantown October 4 1777

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Turning Point Saratoga

• Br Burgoyne surrenders to AM Gates October 1777
• This gives the French confidence to declare
  alliance (takes many months to arrange)

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K W L Yeah Baby!

• Know what do you know about Valley Forge?
• What do you want, need, hafta learn about Valley
  Forge?
• What have you learnt about VF?

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Winter Quarters at Valley Forge
Baron von Steuben
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Winter Quarters at Valley Forge

• 12/19/1777 Am troops enter Valley Forge
• Squalid conditions, sparse food
• late February of Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard
  Augustin Stuebe aka Baron von Steuben
• They entered a mob, they left as an army!
• Battle at Monmouth, June 28, 1778

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The War Moves South

• Cornwallis captures Charles Town, SC, with 5500
  Am soldiers, Gates retreats
• GW sends Greene to take command
• In NC, several battles stall the British,
  Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown

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Yorktown, Set-up

• GW moves his northern army towards Yorktown
  coordinating with the French.
• A French Navy group from the Caribbean arrived to
  blockade Yorktown.
• 8,800 Americans, 7,800 French and 6,000 British

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Yorktown

• October 9, 1781 the Siege Begins
• Cornwallis waited for reinforcements but they
  never came
• Oct 19, 1781 Cornwallis surrenders

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The War Ends

• The Treaty of Paris is signed Sep. 3, 1783
• Word reaches America October, 1783
• Page 139, What were the points of the treaty?

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New Boundaries of US of A
Ceded by Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris 1783
Claimed by Spain
Disputed Territory
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George Washington

• November 2, 1783 GW says farewell to his Army
• Dec 23, 1783 GW resigns his commission to
  Congress in Annapolis
• King George asked Jefferson, " What will your
  General Washington do, now that he as
  won?".Jefferson replied, " Well, he will go
  back to his farm." to which the king
  quipped,"If he does that, he will be the
  greatest man in history."
• Dec. 24, 1783 GW walks in his front door as a
  private citizen and husband of Martha after being
  gone since April 1775

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? ? ? ?

• What happens next?