Rural Urban integration through District Planning

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Rural Urban integration through District Planning

• Town Country Planning Organisation
• Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

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Background

• The District Planning in the form of
  decentralised planning for a balanced, integrated
  and meaningful development of districts has been
  an accepted concept since the beginning of the
  planning era.
• Difficulties in integration
• a wide gap between the concept and the practices
• states differ widely in their levels of
  decentralisation of development administration

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Background

• Comprehensive guidelines for district planning by
  Planning Commission in 1969
• Difficulties in implementation
• institutional mechanism for district planning not
  fully geared.
• low level of awareness.

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Background

• Planning Commission in 1982 set up a Working
  Group under the Chairmanship of Dr. C.H.
  Hanumantharao, recommended
• Spatial Planning,
• rural urban integration
• peoplesparticipation
• institutional framework
• as integral part of district planning
• (Above could not be implemented as the
  institutional framework not changed)

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Concept of Integration in District Planning

• Necessary
• To avoid multiplicity of institutions and
  processes and overlapping functions
• to achieve functional and spatial integration at
  planning and implementation stage

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Concept of Integration in District Planning

• types of integration
• integration in planning
• coordination in implementations
• more emphasis on coordination in implementations
  to achieve integrated development since the
  district planning bodies had limited planning
  functions.

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Concept of Integration in District Planning

• The Working Group recommended integration at plan
  formulation level
• planning activity should be undertaken by one
  single agency
• The concept of District Planning Committee as
  provided by the 74th CAA is a step forward to
  achieve this goal.

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RuralUrban Integration

• Came into being along with Integrated Rural
  Development Programme
• It recommended for provision of higher order
  services and amenities related to agriculture and
  other allied activities in small and medium
  towns.

The need to integrate the rural activities
particularly with the small and medium towns had
become a crucial issue in order to find suitable
locations and assign the functions of focal
points to these towns for provision of higher
order services and amenities related to
agricultural and other allied activities.
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RuralUrban Integration

• Approach further reinforced by the report of Task
  Force on Planning Development of Small
  Medium Towns Cities set up in 1975
• It recognised spatial plan at regional /
  district level as an important tool of rural
  urban integration through provisions of various
  levels of services and facilities.

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RuralUrban Integration

• It says, The (Urban) Plans generally bear no
  relationship with the rural hinterland of the
  districtNo plan can be realistic unless it takes
  into account the interaction between the two It
  calls for total district planning integrating a
  settlement pattern to promote human activity,
  balanced development and a congenial
  environment. It also recommended, District and
  local physical plans should be prepared within
  the framework of the regional plans and a
  suitable statutory authority should be entrusted
  at the district or area level to draw up detailed
  plans and programmes on the basis of a settlement
  plan, integrating rural and urban areas.

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Spatial Plan

• spatial plan at regional / district level has
  been an important tool of rural urban integration
  through functional integration of various levels
  of services and facilities.
• provides for spatial strategy to provide
  locational plan for the development programmes
  and schemes but also rural-urban integration to
  minimize disparity in development over space.
• The spatial strategy provides two broad
  directions, the first is on hierarchy of urban
  and rural settlements in the region and the
  second is regarding the proposed functions of the
  settlements, during the plan period.

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National Commission on Urbanization, 1985

• Spatial perspective to the pattern of urban
  settlements at the National scale
• Location of urban settlements by size and
  function in regional/ sub-regional context
• Necessity of delineating planning regions at
  National and State levels
• 329 GEMs and 49 SPURs

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Spatial Plan

• TCPO always emphasised in regional plans the need
  for spatial strategy for rural-urban integration
  in order to minimize spatial disparity in
  development.
• Methodology
• Determination of hierarchy of urban and rural
  settlements in the region
• proposed functions of the settlements

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74th Constitution Amendment

• The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts
  have opened up a new vista for decentralised and
  democratic process of planning and development in
  India
• District Metropolitan Areas have been
  recognised as a viable unit for administration as
  well as a key unit in the multi-level planning
  system.

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74th Constitution Amendment

• The Act envisages spatial and environmental
  planning for integration of the municipal and
  Panchayat plans with district plans
• Article 243-ZD(3-a) provides for spatial
  planning, sharing of water and other physical and
  natural resources integrated development of
  infrastructure

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74th Constitution Amendment

• ensuring devolution of power to the people
• The state legislatures empowered to enact upon
  the structure, composition and functions of DPC.
• Four-fifth of its members shall be elected by and
  amongst the elected members of the district
  panchayat and the municipality

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74th Constitution Amendment

• Some states have enacted enabling legislations
  for the constitution of DPC
• DPCs wherever constituted lack necessary
  technical expertise to draw up a Spatial
  Development Plan of the district integrating the
  various sectors of development and rural urban
  continuum.

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Government of India initiatives

• Constituted a Steering Committee and a Technical
  committee to re-examine the existing planning
  system and to devise a mechanism to facilitate
  devolution of spatial planning functions to local
  bodies.
• submitted its report in 1996 in the form of UDPFI
  guidelines and revised the model Urban Regional
  Planning and Development Law which also provide
  for setting up of DPC

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Powers and Functions of DPC

• Mandatory
• Prepare a perspective plan indicating long term
  policies, strategies and priorities for
  spatio-economic development of the district.
• Formulate a district development plan taking into
  account the development goals, objectives and
  priorities for five years as stipulated in the
  perspective plan of the district
• Formulate annual plan within the framework of
  approved district development plan.

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TCPO initiatives

• Formulate prototype district plans demonstrating
  how to prepare the perspective plan and
  constitution of DPC
• TCPO has already completed a prototype
  Perspective (Spatial) Plan for Chandrapur in
  Maharashtra.

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Prototype Perspective Plan for Chandrapur
district

• Long term spatial development plan,
• Development Plans and Annual Plans will flow from
  the perspective plan

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Prototype Perspective Plan for Chandrapur
district

• To provide sectorwise broad directions of
  development
• spatial integration of the urban and rural
  settlements
• indicate future functional hierarchy of the
  settlements in the district.
• plan for their all round development proposing
  for up-gradation of various infrastructural
  facilities

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Methodology

• Assess availability and distribution of economic
  and physical resources in relation to demographic
  profile of the district.
• Inventory of resources such as land, forest
  cover, minerals, agriculture, water resources,
  industries etc. will be prepared.
• Availability of socio-economic infrastructure
  e.g. educational health facilities, traffic and
  transportation, marketing, and communication
  facilities is also examined.
• Development potentials and constraints are
  analysed and assessed. Projections of population
  both urban and rural have been attempted.
• Development strategy for spatial planning is
  formulated for the district.

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Methodology

• the proposed settlement system for the district
  is being formulated both for the urban and rural
  settlements.
• Development programmes are integrated at the
  settlement level by filling up the gaps in the
  settlement system and also by integrating the
  schemes of the urban and rural settlements.

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Sector wise recommendations

• Agriculture
• Irrigation
• Horticulture
• Animal Husbandry

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Proposed Settlement Hierarchy
Level Exiting Proposed Remarks
I Regional Centre 1 1 Chandrapur, the district Tehsil HQ is the highest order settlement in the hierarchy and serves the entire district.
II Sub-Regional Centre 1 2 Ballarpur town is the existing Sub regional centre serving the southern part of the district. Brahmapuri a tehsil HQ town 150 Km from district HQ located along the eastern rail road corridor presently functioning as market town proposed as the second sub regional centre to serve the northern part of the district.
III Market Town 5 11 Five existing and six large tehsil HQ villages and one town with APMC Principal yards having higher order facilities proposed to be upgraded
IV Rural Market Centres 7 17 Large villages having APMC Sub Yard, and other higher order facilities have been selected. 15 existing rural service centres proposed to be upgraded
V Rural Service Centre 27 67 Medium size village accessible by pucca road having Vet-II dispensary, PHS and Middle or High school and Daily Market. 56 Basic villages are proposed to be upgraded to Service centre.
VI Basic Villages 140 280 Medium size villages having at least one Vet-II or Middle School or Daily market.196 villages are proposed to be upgraded.
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Level Facilities Distance Catchment Population
I Regional Centre District Civil Hospital Veterinary Hospital Specialised Hospitals and Educational institutions District offices of the State Commercial Banks District Central Cooperative Bank ST Division Various Govt. Semi Govt. Orgns. Agricultural Produce Market Principal Yard General Post Office Higher Order Godown etc. Entire District
II Sub-Regional Centre Rural Hospital Primary Health Centre Veterinary Hospital Bus Depot and Workshop Technical School, Colleges Artificial Insemination Centre APMC Sub-yard Nationalised and Coop. Banks Post and Telegraph Office Specialised services Govt. Semi-Govt. Organisations Middle Order Godowns North and South of the district
III Market Town Hospital Degree College Municipal Dispensary Veterinary dispensary-I Artificial Insemination Centre Telegraph Office Cooperative and nationalised Banks Middle Order Godown APMC Principal yard Police Station Each Tehsil
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Level Facilities Distance Catchment Population
IV Rural Market Centre Primary schools Middle school Secondary school Primary Health Centres Metalled road link to urban centre Public transport connection bus (and in some cases-rail). Post Office Electricity supply Telephone service Water supply Bank Cooperative society Fair price shop Regional market Community centre Police post. Primary Health Centre Veterinary dispensary Artificial Insemination Centre Cooperative and Nationalized Banks Middle Order Godowns APMC Sub-yard Petrol station. 10-15 kms.
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Level Facilities Distance Catchment Population
V Rural Service Centre Pucca Road to Market Centre. WBM vehicular road links to villages in catchment Electricity supply Water supply Fair price shop Community centre Post Office Secondary Schools. P.H.Sub-Centre Bus Station Weekly Market Bank (Branch) Artificial Insemination Centre Z.P.Ayurvedic Dispensary etc. Upto 5 kms.
VI Basic Village Primary and Middle School Dispensary Branch Post Office Weekly Market Regular Bus Stop Coop. Bank Veterinary Aid Centre etc. Within 2 kms.
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Development of Growth Centres
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The next steps The way forward

• The 74th CAA aims at decentralising the planning
  development activities in a democratic and
  realistic way. Therefore it must be implemented
  in letter and spirit to accelerate the overall
  development process of the nation to a higher
  growth trajectory.

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Thank you