Fundus camera

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Fundus camera

• A non-mydriatic Topcon retinal camera
• A fundus camera or retinal camera is a
  specialized low power microscope with an attached
  camera designed to photograph the interior
  surface of the eye, including the retina, optic
  disc, macula, and posterior pole (i.e. the
  fundus).12
• Fundus cameras are used by optometrists,
  ophthalmologists, and trained medical
  professionals for monitoring progression of a
  disease, diagnosis of a disease (combined with
  retinal angiography), or in screening programs,
  where the photos can be analysed later.

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Optical principles

• The optical design of fundus cameras is based on
  the principle of monocular indirect
  ophthalmoscopy.12 A fundus camera provides an
  upright, magnified view of the fundus. A typical
  camera views 30 to 50 degrees of retinal area,
  with a magnification of 2.5x, and allows some
  modification of this relationship through zoom or
  auxiliary lenses from 15 degrees which provides
  5x magnification to 140 degrees with a wide angle
  lens which minifies the image by half.2 The
  optics of a fundus camera are similar to those of
  an indirect ophthalmoscope in that the
  observation and illumination systems follow
  dissimilar paths. The observation light is
  focused via a series of lenses through a doughnut
  shaped aperture, which then passes through a
  central aperture to form an annulus, before
  passing through the camera objective lens and
  through the cornea onto the retina.3 The light
  reflected from the retina passes through the
  un-illuminated hole in the doughnut formed by the
  illumination system. As the light paths of the
  two systems are independent, there are minimal
  reflections of the light source captured in the
  formed image. The image forming rays continue
  towards the low powered telescopic eyepiece. When
  the button is pressed to take a picture, a mirror
  interrupts the path of the illumination system
  allow the light from the flash bulb to pass into
  the eye. Simultaneously, a mirror falls in front
  of the observation telescope, which redirects the
  light onto the capturing medium, whether it is
  film or a digital CCD. Because of the eyes
  tendency to accommodate while looking though a
  telescope, it is imperative that the exiting
  vergence is parallel in order for an in focus
  image to be formed on the capturing medium.
• Since the instruments are complex in design and
  difficult to manufacture to clinical standards,
  only a few manufacturers exist Topcon, Zeiss,
  Canon, Nidek, and Kowa

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Applications

• Practical instruments for fundus photography
  perform the following modes of examination
• Color, where the retina is illuminated by white
  light and examined in full color.
• Red-free, where the imaging light is filtered to
  remove red colors, improving contrast of vessels
  and other structures.
• Angiography, where the vessels are brought into
  high contrast by intravenous injection of a
  fluorescent dye. The retina is illuminated with
  an excitation color which fluoresces light of
  another color where the dye is present. By
  filtering to exclude the excitation color and
  pass the fluorescent color, a very high-contrast
  image of the vessels is produced. Shooting a
  timed sequence of photographs of the progression
  of the dye into the vessels reveals the flow
  dynamics and related pathologies. Specific
  methods include sodium fluorescein angiography
  (abbreviated FA or FAG) and indocyanine green
  (abbreviated ICG) angiography.

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Gallery

• A close-up of the controls of a Topcon retinal
  camera

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Canon CX-1 Myd/NonMyd 15.1 MP Digital Retinal
Imaging System for Color, Red-Free, Cobalt,
FA and Auto Fluorescent Retinal Photography

• Canon CR-1 Mark II Non-Mydriatic 45-degree (with
  2X) , Canon CF-1 Mydriatic 50-degree (with 2X)
  and Canon CX-1 Myd-NonMyd 50/45 degree Digital
  Retinal Imaging Systems can be customized to
  include an instrument table, computer, database
  software, networking and printing capability.
  System components can be customized to fit your
  pre-test or exam lane area. Slit-lamp imaging
  systems are also offered which consist of the
  digital camera back, slit-lamp adapters, computer
  and database software and networking solutions.
  Ask about the 3 year warranty limited time
  offer on Canon Retinal cameras!Ask about our
  ADA (Section 44) Wheelchair Accessible Motorized
  Instrument Tables!Ask about the Canon Financial
  6 month 0 Same as Cash Lease program limited
  time offer! Section 179 of Federal Tax Code
  could allow up to 135,000 of capital
  expenditures to be deducted in 2010. Check with
  your Accountant. Image AMD, Glaucoma, Diabetic
  Retinopathy, Nevus and other retinal pathologies
  for annual comparative analysis! Change patient
  fixation to image fields - nasal, temporal,
  superior and inferior.Stereo imaging technique
  is easily learned to obtain 3-D images of Optic
  Disc or Macula!Anterior Segment Imaging is
  easily obtained using Retinal camera!Call to
  request an on-site demonstration - serious buyers
  call now!

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Slit Lamp Imaging
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Testimonials Superior design and quality

• "Image transfer time from camera to computer is a
  split second using the new EOS Series cameras
  with USB 2.0 output".
• "There are two equally important skills needed to
  interpret retinal images accurately. The first is
  to see what is there. The second is to not see
  what is not there. Our patients trust us to care
  for them correctly and Canon makes it possible."
• "The Canon design was so intuitive that training
  screeners could be done with a minimum of
  effort."
• "For patients that are young and have no retinal
  pathology, the camera can image the concave
  surface that surrounds the foveola known as the
  "umbo", the central pit of the fovea. It is the
  internal limiting membrane that appears as a
  "very" small halo right at the center of the
  fovea." This is "not" artifact!

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Canon Non-Mydriatic Camera Development

• Canon's optical technology capability led to the
  development of the World's First Non-Mydriatic
  Retinal camera for mass screening of adult
  diseases such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma
  and Macular Degeneration. Today, Canon offers
  it's 10th generation camera system - the Canon
  45-degree Non-Mydriatic Digital Retinal Camera
  system using Canon's EOS Series Digital Cameras.

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Advanced Digital Imaging, Quick access to images
and Upgradable

• Once images have been captured, they are
  transferred to a connected PC for observation.
  Using the imaging software, youll be able to
  check ocular conditions right away, or take
  another shot when necessary (for example if the
  examinee blinked). The Canon Retinal
  camera produces images that are ideal for diverse
  applications, including telemedicine, PC-based
  video conferencing, electronic filing, and remote
  storage. A Canon digital camera can be easily
  attached/detached without an adapter. Owners of
  previous film based model cameras (Canon CR-6)
  can upgrade to a digital system by contacting us
  for more details.

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Superior Image quality

• Canon technology provides the level of image
  quality thats essential for diagnostic
  needs. Canon retinal cameras use a combination of
  Canon optics designed specifically for retinal
  imaging and Canons renowned SLR digital (EOS)
  camera technology. The EOS series incorporates
  the Canon DIGIC imaging engine, creating images
  that are well defined with color reproduction
  that is completely natural. The large CMOS sensor
  has a 32 aspect ratio, traditional to 35mm film,
  providing images that are luminescent, life-like
  and incredibly rich in detail. As a result, you
  can capture extremely refined images of the
  retina for detecting or monitoring Diabetes,
  Glaucoma and other serious conditions

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Digital Speed, Digital Versatility, Software

• From easy alignment to digital capture, the
  Canon Retinal camera has all the features needed
  to boost eye exam efficiency. Images can be
  checked just moments after capture. Image quality
  is outstanding! The software features an
  easy-to-use windows format with drop-down menus
  allowing access to many functions including
  side-by-side and multi-image comparison, zooming,
  2X cursor image magnifier, red/green/blue color
  image, stereo, e-mail, export, printing,
  archiving, networkable platform, export to EMR
  software and many more diagnostic tools

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User-Friendly Operation, Easy Alignment
Focusing

• Preparing for image capture is remarkably simple,
  thanks to a two-step procedure. First, you align
  the split pupil image with the operation lever.
  Then you switch to the retinal display to adjust
  the split lines and working distance dots. This
  system makes it easy to obtain the correct
  distance to the retina, ensuring sharp images
  with practically every shot! Shifting the
  joystick to perform sequential imaging for stereo
  photography is attainable

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Fixation target Reduced illumination

• Eye fixation is simplified by a user-friendly
  internal fixation target. The target is
  controlled with a button on the operation panel,
  allowing you to induce movement with one hand
  while adjusting focus with the other. The Canon
  Retinal camera needs only a small amount of light
  to capture clear images, so examinees wont be
  discomforted by brightness. Required illumination
  is 90 less than instant photography and 75 less
  than with film photography.

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• Edge-to-edge detail Confidence in detecting
  pathology - With an entire image thats sharp and
  clear, you get improved diagnostic insights.
• Magnification without pixelation Superior image
  quality - Because our cameras create images using
  individual pixels versus clumps of pixels, they
  retain high resolution even as the image is
  magnified. As a result, Canon technology lets you
  see what cant be seen with other cameras.
• Alignment and focusing tools Reduced training
  costs Our powerful but easy-to-use technology
  lets even inexperienced technicians take perfect
  pictures every time.

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• Reduced illumination Increased patient comfort
  Only a small amount of light is needed for
  image capture, so your patient isnt discomforted
  by brightness.
• The Total solution Efficient servicing As the
  only company to offer both the fundus and camera
  back, Canon covers the whole picture. And the
  camera back can be upgraded anytime.

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Image Anywhere

• Canon is continually advancing imaging science.
  Building on a long legacy of advanced
  breakthroughs and industry leadership, we provide
  innovative technologies expressly designed to
  help you improve patient outcomes throughout
  their healing process. Thats our commitment.
  Thats Canon inSight. And youll see it in
  everything we do.

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Intraretinal Hemorrhage
HTN retinopathy with AV nicking and mild vascular
tortuosity
Mild NPDR
Picture artifact. Large optic cup Prominent
foveal reflex
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Myopic degeneration with PPA and macular
Chorioretinal atrophy
Hypertensive retinopathy with Arteriolar
attenuation. Increased arterial reflex. AV
nicking.
Tigroid Fundus. Large optic cup
Proliferative retionpathy with regressed NVD.
Previous PRP
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Diabetic retinopathy with microaneurysms with
macular exudates
Proliferative retinopathy with previous PRP
Nonexudative AMD with Drusen and RPE dropout
Subfoveal CNVM with surrounding subretinal
hemorrhage and exudates
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Vitreous haze. Fleck Retinopathy
chorioretinal scar with fibrovascular stalk
secondary to focal chorioretinitis
AMD with Mild intermediate drusen
Advanced AMD with Geographic Atrophy involving
fovea
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POHS with regressed macular CNVM, PPA, and
punched out CR scar
AMD with severe large drusen
Myopic Degeneration
Flat choroidal Nevus adjacent to optic nerve
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Diabetic retinopathy with Macular exudates at
foveal edge, with possible CSME
Diabetic retinopathy with Macular exudates
POHS regressed macular CNVM with, PPA, and
punched out CR scar
Conjunctival nevus