4th National Seminar on Food Security and Nutrition Nutrition a critical investment in human and economic development

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4th National Seminar on Food Security and
Nutrition Nutrition a critical investment in
human and economic development

• Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
  (IRD)
• Frank Wieringa MD PhD

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A Nutritionist view of Development
CULTURE / BELIEFS
PREVENTION
MALNUTRITION STUNTING
GENDER ISSUES
FORTIFICATION
FISHERY
SANITATION
AGRICULTURE
MORBIDITY / MORTALITY
HEALTH
NUTRITION
FOOD SAFETY
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Mother Child Health
HUMAN RIGHTS
CHRONIC DISEASE Diabetes/ Hypertension
EDUCATION
POVERTY
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN POTENTIAL
ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT
HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
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A NON- Nutritionist view .
PREVENTION
MALNUTRITION STUNTING
FORTIFICATION
CULTURE / BELIEFS
GENDER ISSUES
FISHERY
SANITATION
FOOD SAFETY
MORBIDITY / MORTALITY
AGRICULTURE
HEALTH
NUTRITION
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Mother Child Health
POVERTY
EDUCATION
CHRONIC DISEASE Diabetes/ Hypertension
HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN POTENTIAL
ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT
HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
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Problems/Challenges

• So how to get Nutrition on the Agenda of Human
  and Economic Development..

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Nutrition and Human Development

• NUTRITION in relation to
• HEALTH
• EDUCATION
• POVERTY

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Nutrition and Human Development HEALTH
SOME SOBERING FACTS...... Malnutrition accounts
for 50 of thedeaths from infectious
diseases......or ? of all-cause child
mortality......Causing 2.6 million child-deaths
/ year
Underweight contributes to 15 of DALYs in
DC...Micronutrient deficiencies(Vit A, zinc,
iron)another 9 .......
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Nutrition and Human Development HEALTH
SOME SOBERING FACTS ....... ? Vitamin A zinc
deficiency alone account gt 1 million child
deaths / yr ? Iodine deficiency in pregnancy
acounts for 20,000,000 mentally retarded
infants / yr ? Folate deficiency is causing
200,000 severe birth defects / yr ?
Severe iron deficiency causes 50,000 maternal
death / yr
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Nutrition and Human Development HEALTH
Vitamin Mineral Deficiency Global Damage
Assessment ReportMicronutrient Initiative
UNICEF, 2004
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Nutrition and Human Development EDUCATION
Learning is difficult when you are hungry Not
only because you cannot concentrate, but
also because your learning
capability is reduced and you are more often ill
SOME SOBERING FACTS......
? Iodine deficiency lowers IQ by 10 15
points ? Iron deficiency in 6 24 mo old
children impairs mental development in 40
60 of developing worlds children
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Nutrition and Human Development EDUCATION
Prevalence of stuntingis directly related
tofemale enrollment insecondary education....
And maternal nutritional status affects
learningcapabilities of theirchildren..... for
their whole life.......
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Nutrition and Human Development POVERTY
REDUCTION

• Malnutrition during the first 2 years of life is
  associated with 20 lower income in
  adulthood
• in Guatamala, a nutritional intervention during
  the first 3 years of life resulted in 46
  higher wages 15 yrs later

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Nutrition and Economic Development

• Iron deficiency lowers the productivity of
  workforces with estimated losses of up to 2 of
  GDP
• World Bank Micronutrient deficiencies impose
  high economic costs on virtually every developing
  nation.

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Nutrition and the MDGs
NUTRITION
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Nutrition and Economic Development
FOR EVERY 1 SPEND ON NUTRITION.......

? 15 IN RETURN...
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Problems/Challenges

• So how to get Nutrition on the Agenda of Human
  and Economic Development.. ? v YES!

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Problems/Challenges

• So how to get Nutrition on the Agenda of Human
  and Economic Development.. ? v YES!

Are there solutions? What is the best way
forward for Cambodia?
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Solutions YES! many
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Solutions

• ?Integrated, multi-sectorial approach
• ? life-cycle approach

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Life cycle approach..
Women of Reproductive Age
Adoloscent girls
Pregnant women
School children
Young Children
Infants
Lactating women
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Life cycle approach..
FOOD FORTIFICATION OIL, FISH SAUCE, RICE
NUTRITION EDUCATION
Women of Reproductive Age
Adoloscent girls
WEEKLY IRON / FOLATE SUPPLEMENTS
SCHOOL MEALS / DEWORMING
Pregnant women
DAILY IRON / FOLATE SUPPLEMENTS
School children
EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR 6 MONTHS
DELAYED CORD CLAMPING
Young Children
Lactating women
Infants
HIGH QUALITY COMPLEMENTARY FOODS
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Is (fast) progress feasible?
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Is fast progress feasible? YES!
COMPARISON OF STUNTING PREVALENCE
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Is (fast) progress feasible? YES!
Prevalence of underweight per province Vietnam
1999
2010
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National plans of Action for Nutrition
NNS 2001-2010
NPAN 1995-2000
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Conclusions and way forward

• Nutrition and Development go hand-in-hand

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Conclusions
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?????? thank you
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