The Faces of Human Trafficking

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The Faces of Human Trafficking

• Workshop for
• Community of Christ

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The Slave Trade Is it Over?

• 1562 First English slaving expedition
• Over 12 million African slaves trafficked over
  400 years
• People forced, deceived, and sold into
  exploitation

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18TH 19TH Century Abolitionists

• Increasing concern in the late 18th century
• Former slaves e.g. Olaudah Equiano
• Church leaders e.g. Thomas Clarkson
• Female reformers e.g. Hannah More
• Parliamentarians e.g. William Wilberforce

Are you an abolitionist? Should you be?
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What is Human Trafficking?

• Modern day slavery
• Exploitation of persons for commercial sex or
  forced labor
• Does not require moving a victim
• Force, fraud, or coercion used to control victims

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Forms of Modern Day Slavery

• Debt bondage trapped in loans and repayment to
  survive
• Descent slavery born into discriminated group
• Domestic servitude hidden abuse of workers
• Forced child labor arms, drugs, sex, work,
  begging, religious sacrifices, fraud
• These forms of slavery are not illegal in all
  countries

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People Trafficking

• People taken by deception or violence for
  exploitation
• Fastest growing form of global organised crime
• The second largest source of income for organised
  crime
• Every country either a source, transit, or
  destination for trafficking

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The Faces of Human TraffickingVictims anyone,
anywhere can be a victim
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Scope of the Problem

• Worldwide
• 600,000 to 800,000 victims
  trafficked annually across
  international borders
• Estimated 80 of victims women and girls
• 27 million people in slavery around the world
• 9 billion business
• After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied
  with illegal arms trade as the 2nd largest
  criminal industry in the world and the fastest
  growing.

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Scope of the Problem

• United States
• 18,000 to 20,000 victims are trafficked annually
  into the United States
• 750,000 women were trafficked into the US in the
  last decade
• 300,000 to 400,000 children are
  victims of the sex trade

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Trafficking How it Works

• Individuals told false promises
• Some children sold by parents
• Easier to smuggle people than drugs or weapons
• Mafias or loosely organized crime networks
• Hidden in ethnic enclaves and cultural taboos
• People are reusable and resalable

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Forms of Recruitment

• Smuggling networks
• Employment agencies
• Maid/ housekeeping/nanny schemes
• Mail order bride services
• Internet schemes
• False modeling agencies
• Befriending and/or seduction
• Illegal foreign adoption agencies

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Endless Supply of Victims

• Due to global economy, there is a constant supply
  of victims
• Victims are a dispensable commodity, readily
  replaceable
• Allure
• The promise of a better life
• Needed income to support a family, to provide
  medical care for siblings, to
  be able to survive

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Why People are Trafficked

• Domestic Servitude
• Sex Work
• Forced Prostitution
• Marriages/Surrogacy
• Factory Work
• Begging
• International Adoptions

• Agricultural Work
• Criminal Activity
• Restaurant Work
• Construction
• Hotel/ Motel Housekeeping
• Other Informal Labor Sectors

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Domestic Trafficking

• In any given country, domestic victims can also
  be enslaved
• Runaways, homeless, mentally ill, mentally
  handicapped, and migrants are most vulnerable
• Access to services may differ,
  laws protecting may differ

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Victims May be Smuggled or May Pay for Entry to
Another Country
Trafficking

• Crime against a person
• Contains an element of coercion, force or fraud
• Subsequent exploitation and/or forced labor
• Trafficked
  person is a
  victim

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Human TraffickingKey Components in the US Law

• Mode of Operation
• Force
• Fraud
• Coercion

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3 Elements Necessary to Meet Trafficking
Definition in the US
1 2
3
Process/Action Particular
Means Particular End

• for the purpose of
• Involuntary Servitude
• OR
• Debt Bondage
• OR
• Slavery
• OR
• Sexual Exploitation

• Recruiting
• OR
• Harboring
• OR
• Moving
• OR
• Obtaining
• a person,

• by
• Force
• OR
• Fraud
• Or
• Coercion

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Vulnerability

• Destitute
• Little/no education
• Homeless or runaways
• Prior victims of domestic violence or sexual
  assault and abuse

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Psychology of Control

• Isolation
• Dependency
• Fear Instilled
• Abuse
• Shame
• Culture

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Controlled Movement and Lives

• Victims may live under complete control from fear
• All or much of their movement is controlled
• Some victims are provided with occasional
  parties where, for instance, they may have
  access to other victims for prostitution
• Some chained, others video monitored, locked up

This victim was transported in a glove box
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Victim Mindset

• Limited or no language skills in current country,
  literacy
• Unfamiliar with culture and systems
• Confined, isolated, at risk
• Fearful and/or distrustful of authority
• Unaware that they are a victim
• May develop loyalty to trafficker
• Unaware of where they are
• Fear for safety of family

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Victims Cant Rescue Themselves

• We must be alert to possible victims and be ready
  to call a hotline to get a situation investigated
• Where?
• Migrant or immigrant communities
• Areas known for prostitution
• Law enforcement
• Clinics/doctors offices
• Restaurants
• Hotels
• Your own neighborhood

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How to Recognize a Victim

• Not free to leave job
• Cant come and go freely
• Have been threatened with harm or harmed
• Has had family threatened
• Live with employer
• In debt to employer
• Do not have possession of own papers

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Group Exercise 1

• Break into small groups of 5 6 people
• Have you ever questioned whether someone was a
  victim?
• What did you do?
• Knowing what you know now, what do you think are
  the signs you would notice?
• Remembering that victims might be anywhere, where
  do you think victims might be found in your
  community?
• Be prepared to report your discussion to the
  whole group.

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Needs of Victims

• Immediate safety
• Support to live
• Housing, food, medical, safety and security,
  language interpretation and legal services
• Support to be restored to their own lives
• Health and mental health care, addiction
  services, income security, legal status

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Human Trafficking Victims are not Criminals They
Have Legal Rights

• Safety
• Privacy
• Interpretation
• Information
• Legal Representation
• Right to be heard in court
• Civil compensation

• Medical assistance
• Immigration relief
• Repatriation
• Case Management

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Group Exercise 2

• Use some kind of paper to capture ideas
• Give large sticky notes or big poster paper to
  each group
• Assign a group leader and reporter
• What are your ideas for getting involved as
  modern abolitionists?
• What would you like to do?
• Together with other groups
• As a congregation
• What is the next step?

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