Grid Computing

1
Grid Computing

• Adarsh Patil
• Centre for Unified Computing
• Department of Computer Science
• University College Cork
• Cork, Ireland
• http//www.cuc.ucc.ie
• http//www.adarshpatil.com
• Thanks and Credits to all the researchers
  working in the area of Grid / Distributed
  Computing

2
What is Grid?There are so many definitions of
Grid, everyone has their own definition. The
definition of Grid is as dynamic as its resources.

• Grid is a highly heterogeneous distributed
  system which is formed by integrating shared
  resources across many industrial and academic
  domains by accepting a usage policy.
• Grid resources are
• End users to Research scientists (Collaborative
  Computing)
• Software including open source, custom built
  and proprietary
• (Middleware / Network Enable Severs/ Problem
  solving Environments / Databases) (Grid Computing
  System).
• Applications running on the resources (Service
  Oriented Computing)
• Hardware (Utility Computing)
• Silicon/Metals used from PCs/Macs/Mainframes to
  Workstations to Clusters to Cluster of
  Workstations/Cluster of Clusters
• All the hardware components related to Medical
  Science (X-ray), Astronomy (Telescope), Physics (
  LHC Project)

3
Properties of Grid

• Grid computing is called High Throughput
  Computing(HTC)/ MetaComputing/ Distributed
  Supercomputing/ On Demand Computing/ Utility
  Computing
• Grid is not owned by one person. Grid cannot be
  built by one or by a single resource. This is to
  say the fact that One can be part of the Grid.
• It is a mix of open source, proprietary
  software/applications/databases.
• No Single System Image (SSI), all the connected
  resources are autonomous and independently owned.
  
• virtualization of underlying resources
• Decentralized scheduling, administering and job
  management
• Highly Volatile, resources join and leave the
  Grid at their own will and wish.
• unlimited number of nodes/resources
• All the resources are highly heterogeneous in
  nature (from silicon to applications to
  application services called web service)
• Internet is used as Information Highway. Grid is
  built on top of Internet and is used as
  Computing/Sharing Highway

4
Understanding Grid
5
Why are everyone saying Grid?Has the world gone
crazy with new buzz words?. Water , Gas ,
Electricity have become the commodity components.
Has Grid become commodity yet ?

• Analogy of the word Grid from Electricity Grid
• Explanation Electricity is not generated at
  one location, it is generated at DAMS, Thermal
  Plants, Nuclear Plants, Generators. Electricity
  is passed to respective cities, towns and homes
  via interconnected wires forming Grid. The
  person watching TV at home does not know the
  source of electricity which he is using. He just
  plugs the cable into the socket and draws out
  the electricity irrespective of its source/path
  of generation.
• Based this Analogy of Electricity Grid the word
  Grid was coined.
• Similar analogy can be drawn out with these
  examples of grid networks such as
• Water Grid ( municipal supply of water)
• Gas Grid ( municipal supple of Gas )
• Transportation Grid ( Roads connecting various
  villages, counties, town and cities)
• Dairy Grid ( Supply of Dairy products to various
  locations.
• One can note these behaviors exposed by the these
  GRIDs
• Source of utility is not known to the end user
• There are many sources contributing to the
  utility . These resources are integrated and
  given the vision of Single Super Power Resource
• There are several ways of optimizing , charging,
  coordinating, storing, reserving these type of
  utility generating sources.

6
How can I build a Grid?This question can be
imagined like How can I build a house? You
have to be a plumber, carpenter, painter,
builder, interior designer, electrician,
gardener, locksmiths, JCB handler and others. So
one can say by reading this one cannot build a
GRID

• I would say this question should be rephrased to
  How can I be part of the Grid?. I am not
  saying this question is wrong. This question is
  most oblivious doubt for the students who are new
  to Grid Computing.
• As from the slide 3, one cannot own a grid and
  single resource cannot form a grid.
• One can make their resources Grid Complaint by
  using Grid Middleware. It means that you can be
  part of the Grid by using Grid enabled software
  systems. ( WebCom, Globus, NetSolve, Condor,
  GridBus, Legion, DIET, Banyan and many others)
• Cluster , Cluster of Clusters(CoCs) , Cluster of
  Workstations are not Grid. They can be part of
  the Grid. Many industries and academia have
  their own terminology for Grid Office Grids,
  Department Grids, Inter-departmental Grids,
  Inter-College Grids and others based on their
  space span.

7
Different names Same WorkThese are the trunks of
the main tree or its branches

• Grid Computing
• Distributed Supercomputing
• MetaComputing
• On Demand Computing
• Service Oriented Computing
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Pervasive Computing
• Autonomic Computing
• Disruptive Computing
• Wearable Computing
• High Throughput Computing
• Virtual Computing

8
Concept

• This basic idea is to connect all the resources
  interested in sharing under an accepted policy
  and produce it to an end user as a single
  powerful system. Research is done on this
  concept in various ways to say that WE ARE THE
  BEST AND WE HAVE THE BEST SOFTWARE !
• Area to tinker around is
• What kind of resources ?
• What about ownership ?
• How to host resources ?
• How to connect ?
• How to optimize ?
• How to virtualize resources ?
• How to give transparent access?
• How to Trust others ?
• What policies to adopt ?
• How to Secure our resources after sharing ?
• How to Schedule work?
• How to reserve resources ?
• How to find interested resources ?
• How to gain profit ?
• How to be number one in this field ?

9
Virtual Organizations within Grid

• What is a Virtual Organization?
• It is a community of users who work or do
  research in a particular domain of interest.
  Example Physicist , Chemists, Biologists,
  Computer Scientists, Doctors and others.
• Within a virtual organization we find personnel
  and resources working on a common problem and are
  specialized in a specific domain.
• Grid is one such environment which has different
  kinds of Virtual organizations. This enables
  collaborative computing and interactive computing
  within the Grid Environment.

10
To be Continued

• More to come !.....
• If you find this helpful. Please reference me !
• Thank you

11
References and Credits to

• http//www.gridfacts.com
• http//www.buyya.com
• http//www.ibm.com/grid
• http//www.cuc.ucc.ie
• http//www.globus.org
• http//www.gridcomputing.com ( to all the links
  within them)
• To all the Grid / HPC / HTC / Distributed
  Computing users and researchers.