Title: Chapter 17 pt. 1: Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, and Behaviorism Therapies
1Chapter 17 pt. 1 Psychoanalysis, Humanistic,
and Behaviorism Therapies
2- Imagine a good friend of yours has approached you
about a problem he or she has developed recently.
The friend describes several symptoms, including
increased feelings of depression, crying spells,
loss of interest in activities, and changes in
eating and sleeping patterns. You have asked
enough questions to assume person is clinically
depressed. Assume the role of therapist and
develop some possible interventions. Come up
with 3 possible ideas to help your friend.
32 Major Types of Therapy
- 1. Psychological Therapies employ interaction
(usually verbal) between trained professional and
a client with a problem - 2. Biomedical therapies directed at a
patients nervous system.
VS.
4Psychotherapy Differs Depending on the
Perspective of Therapist
- Psychotherapy emotionally charged, confiding
interaction between a trained therapist and
someone who suffers from psychological
difficulties. - There are different types based on personality
theories we discussed - 1. Psychoanalytic
- 2. Humanistic
- 3. Behavioral
- 4. Cognitive
5Eclectic Approach Takes a Smorgasbord Approach
- Eclectic Approach uses a variety of different
techniques from various theories of therapy
depending on the problem of the individual. - More than half of therapists take this approach.
6Psychotherapy One Psychoanalysis
- Psychoanalysiss main assumption?
- Goal of psychoanalysis?
7How do Psychoanalysts Unmask Your Repressed
Anxiety?
- 1. While doing free association there will be
blocks in your flow. Analysts interpret these
blocks as Resistance. - Resistance the blocking from consciousness of
anxiety-laden material. - Based on your resistance the analysts will try
to provide accurate interpretations noting
supposed meaning behind blocks in flow to provide
patient with insight (reason behind your
problems). - 2. Psychoanalysts also interpret dreams latent
content.
8How do Psychoanalysts Unmask Your Repressed
Anxiety?
- 3. Interpreting Transference
- After revealing extremely personal things about
themselves to therapists, patients often start to
feel positive or negative feelings towards their
analyst. - Freud argued that the feelings you feel towards a
therapist represented transference patients
transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with
other relationships (such as love or hatred for a
parent).
9Criticism of Psychoanalytic Therapy
- 1. Built on assumption that repressed memories
exist. - 2. Interpretations cant be proven right or
wrong. - 3. Is very time-consuming and costlyusually
takes several years to achieve insight.
10Interpersonal Psychotherapy as an Alternative To
Psychoanalysis
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy occurs in much
shorter session and also aims to to help patients
gain insight into the roots of their
difficulties. - However instead of focusing on past, this
approach focuses on current relationships and how
to deal with problems.looking for symptom relief
instead of personality change.
11Psychotherapy Two Humanistic Approach
- Humanistic perspective hopes to boost
self-fulfillment by helping people grow in
self-awareness and self acceptance. - Main Focuses
- 1. The present and future
- 2. Conscious Rather than Unconscious Thoughts
- 3. Individual Responsibility for feelings
- 4. Promote growth instead of cures.
12Carl Rogers Client or Person Centered Therapy
- Most widely used humanistic technique is client
(person) centered therapy technique which
involves active listening witihin a genuine,
accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate
clients growth. - Active listening technique in which therapist
is non-directive towards client and empathizes
with them by echoing, restating, and clarifying
their feelings.
13Client Centered Therapy Promotes Self-Awareness
- When given unconditional positive regard clients
start to accept themselves including their faults
and feel more valued and whole.
14Psychotherapy Three Behavior Therapies Focus on
Learning
- Unlike previous 2 psychotherapies, behavior
therapies are not interested in the underlying
cause of the problem or in achieving
self-awareness. - Behavior Therapies assume the problems are the
behaviors themselves and look to use
well-established learning principles to eliminate
the unwanted behavior.
15Classical Conditioning Techniques
- Argue that learned responses like phobias can be
unlearned through counterconditioning. - Counterconditioning behavior therapy that
conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger
your unwanted behaviors. - Ex pair fear of heights with relaxing stimuli.
16Two Types of Counterconditioning
- 1. Systematic Desensitization exposure
technique used to commonly treat phobias.
Associates a pleasant relaxed state with
gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
until anxiety towards stimuli is eliminated. - Goal is to extinguish previously learned
response. - Key to enacting procedure is move gradually.
- Also called Graduated Exposure Theory
17How Could you Use Systematic Desensitization to
Help people Overcome their Intense Fear of Old
People?
18Systematic Desensitization
19More Aggressive Exposure Therapy
- Flooding involves immediately exposing client
to a stimulus that causes undesirable response to
show that stimulus isnt dangerous. - Flooding can lead to extinction of fear.
20Less Aggressive Exposure Therapy (Not in Book)
- Implosion patient imagines stimulus rather than
being exposed to actual negative stimulushopes
to reduce anxiety. - Usually used as first step in systematic
desensitization.
21Using Virtual Reality For Exposure Therapy
22Two Types of Counterconditioning
- 2. Aversive Conditioning is the opposite of
systematic desensitization. Looks to reverse a
negative behavior by associating an unpleasant
state with an unwanted behavior.
23Aversive Therapy for Alcoholics
Although initially successful why doesnt
aversive therapy usually stop people from
permanently drinking?
24Operant Conditioning Therapy
- What is Operant Conditioning?
-
- Token Economy procedure that rewards desired
behavior. Patient exchanges a token of some
sort, earned for good behavior, for various
privileges or treats. -
25Observational Learnings Impact on Therapy
- Banduras theories on modeling were extended to
therapy when it was shown that Clients learn
through observation of appropriate behavior (and
Rewards) and will be encouraged to imitate the
behavior.
26Criticism of Behavior Therapy?